{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:55:33Z","timestamp":1764240933775,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:11:46Z","timestamp":1760782306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Uncovering therapeutic targets in Leishmania donovani through comparative network topology analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Upasana","family":"Hazarika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupam Nath","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004770","volume":"10","author":"M Akhoundi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akhoundi M, Kuhls K, Cannet A et al (2016) A historical overview of the classification, evolution, and dispersion of leishmania parasites and sandflies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10:e0004349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004770","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"4511_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.08.068","volume":"575","author":"P Anitha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anitha P, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S (2016) Gene network analysis reveals the association of important functional partners involved in antibiotic resistance: a report on an important pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Gene 575:253\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2015.08.068","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4511_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106083","volume":"178","author":"M Anusha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anusha M, Tejaswini V, Kumar SU, Prashantha C, Vasudevan K, Doss CGP (2023) Gene network interaction analysis to elucidate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in the clostridium difficile. Microb Pathog 178:106083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106083","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"4511_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"M Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA et al (2000) Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. Nat Genet 25:25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/75556","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-022-01481-z","volume":"12","author":"M Ashrafmansouri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashrafmansouri M, Amiri-Dashatan N, Ahmadi N (2022) Identification of protein profile in metacyclic and amastigote-like stages of leishmania tropica: a proteomic approach. AMB Express 12:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-022-01481-z","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"4511_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","volume":"4","author":"GD Bader","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bader GD, Hogue CW (2003) An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinformatics 4:1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01327-9","volume":"55","author":"I Barrio-Hernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barrio-Hernandez I, Schwartzentruber J, Shrivastava A et al (2023) Network expansion of genetic associations defines a Pleiotropy map of human cell biology. Nat Genet 55:389\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-023-01327-9","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp101","volume":"25","author":"G Bindea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Hackl H et al (2009) ClueGO: a cytoscape plug-in to Decipher functionally grouped gene ontology and pathway annotation networks. Bioinformatics 25:1091\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp101","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4511_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00179","author":"N Bora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bora N, Jha AN (2020) In Silico metabolic pathway analysis identifying target against leishmaniasis\u2013a kinetic modeling approach. Front Genet. 11:179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2020.00179","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2551-1","volume":"19","author":"SM Borah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borah SM, Jha AN (2019) Identification and analysis of structurally critical fragments in HopS2. BMC Bioinformatics 19:207\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-018-2551-1","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4511_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carter NS, Yates P, Arendt CS, Boitz JM, Ullman B (2008) Purine and pyrimidine metabolism in Leishmania. In: Drug targets kinetoplastid parasites, pp 141\u2013154 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-77570-8_12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77570-8_12"},{"key":"4511_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-010-0006-3","volume":"34","author":"B Chawla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chawla B, Madhubala R (2010) Drug targets in leishmania. J Parasitic Dis 34:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-010-0006-3","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"4511_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41552-z","volume":"9","author":"S-J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen S-J, Liao D-L, Chen C-H, Wang T-Y, Chen K-C (2019) Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction network of heroin use disorder. Sci Rep 9:4980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-41552-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4511_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","volume":"8","author":"C-H Chin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chin C-H, Chen S-H, Wu H-H, Ho C-W, Ko M-T, Lin C-Y (2014) CytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol 8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"4511_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00777-y","volume":"21","author":"M De Rycker","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Rycker M, Wyllie S, Horn D, Read KD, Gilbert IH (2023) Anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery: progress and challenges. Nat Rev Microbiol 21:35\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00777-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4511_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.10.2590","volume":"16","author":"C Dumas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dumas C, Ouellette M, Tovar J et al (1997) Disruption of the trypanothione reductase gene of leishmania decreases its ability to survive oxidative stress in macrophages. EMBO J 16:2590\u20132598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/16.10.2590","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"4511_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dunn BS, Awasthi S, Yi SS, Sahni N (2020) Protein\u2013Protein interaction networks in human Disease. In: Protein\u2013Protein interaction regulators. The Royal Society of Chemistry, pp 25\u201348 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/9781788016544-00025","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788016544-00025"},{"key":"4511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftz057","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftz057","volume":"77","author":"MS Duthie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duthie MS, Goto Y, Ghosh P, Mondal D (2019) Impact of sequelae of visceral leishmaniasis and their contribution to ongoing transmission of leishmania donovani. Pathogens Dis 6:77:ftz057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femspd\/ftz057","journal-title":"Pathogens Dis"},{"key":"4511_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grifferty G, Shirley H, McGloin J, Kahn J, Orriols A, Wamai R (2021) Vulnerabilities to and the socioeconomic and psychosocial impacts of the leishmaniases: a review. Res Rep Trop Med 12:135-151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRTM.S278138","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S278138"},{"key":"4511_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gui H, Gong Q, Jiang J, Liu M, Li H (2021) Identification of the hub genes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Comput Math Methods Med 6329041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6329041","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6329041"},{"key":"4511_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2074130","volume":"13","author":"AK Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Das S, Kamran M, Ejazi SA, Ali N (2022) The pathogenicity and virulence of Leishmania-interplay of virulence factors with host defenses. Virulence 13:903\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21505594.2022.2074130","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"4511_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hojaisa S, Jha AN (2023) Databases and tools for microbial genome and human microbiome studies. In: Verma P (ed) Industrial microbiology and biotechnology, pp 41-67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-99-2816-3_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2816-3_3"},{"key":"4511_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653670","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653670","volume":"11","author":"ECA Hor\u00e1cio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hor\u00e1cio ECA, Hickson J, Murta SMF, Ruiz JC, Nahum LA (2021) Perspectives from systems biology to improve knowledge of leishmania drug resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11:653670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.653670","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4511_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19488","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.31.19488","volume":"272","author":"H-Y Hwang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hwang H-Y, Ullman B (1997) Genetic analysis of purine metabolism in leishmania donovani. J Biol Chem 272:19488\u201319496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.272.31.19488","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4511_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ibarra-Meneses AV, Corbeil A, Wagner V, Beaudry F, do Monte-Neto RL, Fernandez-Prada C (2022) Exploring direct and indirect targets of current antileishmanial drugs using a novel thermal proteomics profiling approach. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12:954144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.954144","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.954144"},{"key":"4511_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02264-8","volume":"22","author":"R Ietswaart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ietswaart R, Gyori BM, Bachman JA, Sorger PK, Churchman LS (2021) GeneWalk identifies relevant gene functions for a biological context using network representation learning. Genome Biol 22:1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-021-02264-8","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"4511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2022.100146","volume":"16","author":"O Indari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Indari O, Singh AK, Tiwari D, Jha HC, Jha AN (2022) Deciphering antiviral efficacy of malaria box compounds against malaria exacerbating viral pathogens-Epstein Barr virus and SARS-CoV-2, an in silico study. Med Drug Discov 16:100146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medidd.2022.100146","journal-title":"Med Drug Discov"},{"key":"4511_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1871074","volume":"40","author":"S Jakhmola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jakhmola S, Hazarika Z, Jha AN, Jha HC (2022) In silico analysis of antiviral phytochemicals efficacy against Epstein\u2013Barr virus glycoprotein H. J Biomol Struct Dyn 40:5372\u20135385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2020.1871074","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"4511_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s40139-020-00213-x","volume":"8","author":"AL Jenner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jenner AL, Aogo RA, Davis CL, Smith AM, Craig M (2020) Leveraging computational modeling to understand infectious diseases. Curr Pathobiology Rep 8:149\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40139-020-00213-x","journal-title":"Curr Pathobiology Rep"},{"key":"4511_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/35075138","volume":"411","author":"H Jeong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeong H, Mason SP, Barab\u00e1si A-L, Oltvai ZN (2001) Lethality and centrality in protein networks. Nature 411:41\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35075138","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4511_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183034","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1183034","volume":"14","author":"AN Jha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jha AN (2023) Computational approaches to build therapeutic paradigms targeting genes, proteins and pathways against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Front Genet 14:1183034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1183034","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky962","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Sato Y, Furumichi M, Morishima K, Tanabe M (2019) New approach for understanding genome variations in KEGG. Nucleic Acids Res 47:D590\u2013D595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky962","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4511_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.010","volume":"32","author":"J Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 J, Barrett MP (2016) The Pentose phosphate pathway in parasitic trypanosomatids. Trends Parasitol 32:622\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"4511_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520170109","volume":"15","author":"R Krauth-Siegel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krauth-Siegel R, Coombs G (1999) Enzymes of parasite thiol metabolism as drug targets. Parasitol Today 15:404\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.5520170109","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"4511_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2174\/0113894501254585230927100440","volume":"24","author":"P Kumari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumari P, Mamud A, Jha AN (2023) Review on the drug intolerance and vaccine development for the leishmaniasis. Curr Drug Targets 24:1023\u20131031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113894501254585230927100440","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"4511_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01081","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gu H-Y, Zhu J, Niu Y-M, Zhang C, Guo G-L (2019) Identification of hub genes and key pathways associated with bipolar disorder based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Physiol 10:1081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01081","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4511_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14447","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NJ02273K","volume":"47","author":"S Lyndem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyndem S, Hazarika U, Bhatta A, Prakash V, Jha AN, Roy AS (2023) In vitro interactions of esculin and esculetin with bovine hemoglobin alter its structure and inhibit aggregation: insights from spectroscopic and computational studies. N J Chem 47:14447\u201314468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3NJ02273K","journal-title":"N J Chem"},{"key":"4511_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(78)90104-6","volume":"544","author":"JJ Marr","year":"1978","unstructured":"Marr JJ, Berens RL, Nelson DJ (1978) Purine metabolism in Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 544:360\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-4165(78)90104-6","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"4511_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01018","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01018-21","volume":"9","author":"JE Martinez-Hernandez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez-Hernandez JE, Hammoud Z, De Sousa AM et al (2021) Network-based approaches reveal potential therapeutic targets for host-directed antileishmanial therapy driving drug repurposing. Microbiol Spectr 9:e01018\u201301021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/Spectrum.01018-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"4511_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836290","volume":"220","author":"A Meister","year":"1983","unstructured":"Meister A (1983) Selective modification of glutathione metabolism. Science 220:472\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.6836290","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4511_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)77815-6","volume":"263","author":"A Meister","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meister A (1988) Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification. J Biol Chem 263:17205\u201317208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)77815-6","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4511_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.11.028","volume":"642","author":"SK Miryala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miryala SK, Anbarasu A, Ramaiah S (2018) Discerning molecular interactions: a comprehensive review on biomolecular interaction databases and network analysis tools. Gene 642:84\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2017.11.028","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4511_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3552","volume":"14","author":"K Mitra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitra K, Carvunis A-R, Ramesh SK, Ideker T (2013) Integrative approaches for finding modular structure in biological networks. Nat Rev Genet 14:719\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg3552","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144704","volume":"748","author":"A Naha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naha A, Miryala SK, Debroy R, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A (2020) Elucidating the multi-drug resistance mechanism of Enterococcus faecalis V583: a gene interaction network analysis. Gene 748:144704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144704","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"4511_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632512","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.632512","volume":"12","author":"M Ohms","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ohms M, Ferreira C, Busch H et al (2021) Enhanced Glycolysis is required for antileishmanial functions of neutrophils upon infection with leishmania donovani. Front Immunol 12:632512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.632512","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4511_CR45","unstructured":"Oliveros JC (2007) VENNY. An interactive tool for comparing lists with venn diagrams. http:\/\/bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es\/tools\/venny\/index.html"},{"key":"4511_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.001015","volume":"41","author":"FR Opperdoes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Opperdoes FR (1987) Compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism in trypanosomes. Annual Reviews Microbiol 41:127\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.mi.41.100187.001015","journal-title":"Annual Reviews Microbiol"},{"key":"4511_CR47","first-page":"261","volume":"97","author":"WH Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"Organization WH (2022) World health organization weekly epidemiological record\u2014June 17, 2022. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 97:261\u2013276. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/journals\/weekly-epidemiological-record","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"4511_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698033","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.698033","volume":"12","author":"GA Pathak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pathak GA, Wendt FR, Goswami A et al (2021) ACE2 netlas: in Silico functional characterization and drug-gene interactions of ACE2 gene network to understand its potential involvement in COVID-19 susceptibility. Front Genet 12:698033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2021.698033","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2452","volume":"9","author":"PC Phillips","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillips PC (2008) Epistasis\u2014the essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems. Nat Rev Genet 9:855\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg2452","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"4511_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106337","volume":"229","author":"J Prava","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prava J, Pan A (2022) In Silico analysis of leishmania proteomes and protein-protein interaction network: prioritizing therapeutic targets and drugs for repurposing to treat leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 229:106337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106337","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4511_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2015.09.007","volume":"62","author":"S Rajkhowa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajkhowa S, Jha AN, Deka RC (2015) Anti-tubercular drug development: computational strategies to identify potential compounds. J Mol Graph Model 62:56\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmgm.2015.09.007","journal-title":"J Mol Graph Model"},{"key":"4511_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201601052","volume":"2","author":"S Rajkhowa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rajkhowa S, Borah SM, Jha AN, Deka RC (2017) Design of Plasmodium falciparum PI (4) KIII\u03b2 inhibitor using molecular dynamics and molecular docking methods. ChemistrySelect 2:1783\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/slct.201601052","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"4511_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821100-7.00018-2","volume-title":"Applications of nanobiotechnology for neglected tropical diseases","author":"S Rajkhowa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajkhowa S, Hazarika Z, Jha AN (2021) Systems biology and bioinformatics approaches in leishmaniasis. Applications of nanobiotechnology for neglected tropical diseases 509\u2013548 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-821100-7.00018-2"},{"key":"4511_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1759-4499-2-2","volume":"2","author":"K Raman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raman K (2010) Construction and analysis of protein\u2013protein interaction networks. Autom Exp 2:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1759-4499-2-2","journal-title":"Autom Exp"},{"key":"4511_CR55","unstructured":"Safari-Alighiarloo N, Taghizadeh M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Goliaei B, Peyvandi AA (2014) Protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) and complex diseases. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 7:17\u201331. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4017556\/"},{"key":"4511_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saha D, Jha AN (2023) Molecular scaffold recognition of drug molecules against essential genes of Leishmania donovani using biocomputing approach. S Afr J Bot 162:52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.08.067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.08.067"},{"key":"4511_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.4477.2","author":"G Scardoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scardoni G, Tosadori G, Faizan M, Spoto F, Fabbri F, Laudanna C (2014) Biological network analysis with CentiScaPe: centralities and experimental dataset integration. F1000Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.4477.2","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"4511_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0259009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259009","volume":"16","author":"H Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva H, Liyanage A, Deerasinghe T, Chandrasekara V, Chellappan K, Karunaweera ND (2021) Treatment failure to sodium stibogluconate in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A challenge to infection control and disease elimination. PLoS ONE 16:e0259009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4511_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12140","volume":"90","author":"A Stincone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stincone A, Prigione A, Cramer T et al (2015) The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the Pentose phosphate pathway. Biol Rev 90:927\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12140","journal-title":"Biol Rev"},{"key":"4511_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su G, Morris JH, Demchak B, Bader GD (2014) Biological network exploration with Cytoscape 3. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics 47:8.13.1\u20138.13.24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471250953.bi0813s47","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi0813s47"},{"key":"4511_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170165","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170165","volume":"7","author":"J Sunter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sunter J, Gull K (2017) Shape, form, function and leishmania pathogenicity: from textbook descriptions to biological Understanding. Open Biol 7:170165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsob.170165","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"4511_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D607","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1131","volume":"47","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Gable AL, Lyon D et al (2019) STRING v11: protein\u2013protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 47:D607\u2013D613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gky1131","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4511_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867003374615","volume":"7","author":"KA Werbovetz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Werbovetz KA (2000) Target-based drug discovery for malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 7:835\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867003374615","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"4511_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"949","author":"WHO EC","year":"2010","unstructured":"WHO EC (2010) Control of the leishmaniases. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 949:1\u2013186. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44412\/WHO_TRS_949_eng.pdf?sequence=1","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"4511_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837460","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2022.837460","volume":"3","author":"G-J Wijnant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wijnant G-J, Dumetz F, Dirkx L et al (2022) Tackling drug resistance and other causes of treatment failure in leishmaniasis. Front Trop Dis 3:837460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fitd.2022.837460","journal-title":"Front Trop Dis"},{"key":"4511_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-022-01262-4","volume":"27","author":"S Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadav S, Anand A, Ramalingam K, Balodi DC, Maras JS, Goyal N (2022) Unraveling of interacting protein network of chaperonin TCP1 gamma subunit of leishmania donovani. Cell Stress Chaperones 27:205\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12192-022-01262-4","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"4511_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030059","volume":"3","author":"H Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu H, Kim PM, Sprecher E, Trifonov V, Gerstein M (2007) The importance of bottlenecks in protein networks: correlation with gene essentiality and expression dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 3:e59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030059","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"4511_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560050107","volume":"5","author":"Y Zhang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Bond CS, Bailey S, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN (1996) The crystal structure of trypanothione reductase from the human pathogen trypanosoma Cruzi at 2.3 \u00c5 resolution. Protein Sci 5:52\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pro.5560050107","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"4511_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00263-12","volume":"12","author":"W-W Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang W-W, McCall L-I, Matlashewski G (2013) Role of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in visceral organ infection by leishmania donovani. Eukaryot Cell 12:70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ec.00263-12","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"4511_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918901117","volume":"117","author":"B Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou B, Meng X, Stanley HE (2020) Power-law distribution of degree\u2013degree distance: a better representation of the scale-free property of complex networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:14812\u201314818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1918901117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Archives of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T08:05:05Z","timestamp":1763625905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-025-04511-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-8933","1432-072X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-8933"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-072X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"311"}}