{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T12:49:00Z","timestamp":1774702140358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Fund Project","award":["32402270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32402270"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Innovation Talent Project","award":["26HASTIT025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26HASTIT025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["232102110136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102110136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Joint Fund (Technology Tackling) Category","award":["232103810023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232103810023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T07:22:58Z","timestamp":1771226578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in understanding the Clostridial spore inner membrane"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Jinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaodi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miaoyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingxia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaiming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115693","author":"O Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali O, Szab\u00f3 A (2023) Review of eukaryote cellular membrane lipid Composition, with special attention to the fatty acids. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115693","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4760_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00210-22","author":"M Baloh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baloh M, Nerber HN, Sorg JA (2022) Imaging clostridioides difficile spore germination and germination proteins. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00210-22","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00901-13","author":"S Banawas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banawas S et al (2013) The clostridium perfringens germinant receptor protein GerKC is located in the spore inner membrane and is crucial for spore germination. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00901-13","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banawas S, Paredes-Sabja D, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2016) Characterization of germinants and their receptors for spores of non-food-borne Clostridium perfringens strain F4969. Microbiology.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.000378","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000378"},{"key":"4760_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.19812\/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956\/ts.2016.07.073","volume":"7","author":"L Bao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bao L (2016) Progress in surveillance and control of foodborne diseases caused by microorganisms at home and abroad. J Food Saf Qual Inspection 7:2990\u20132994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19812\/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956\/ts.2016.07.073","journal-title":"J Food Saf Qual Inspection"},{"key":"4760_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.4.997","author":"R Birner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Birner R, B\u00fcrgermeister M, Schneiter R, Daum G (2001) Roles of phosphatidylethanolamine and of its several biosynthetic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.12.4.997","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"4760_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.r000005200","author":"DA Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown DA, London E (2000) Structure and function of sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich membrane rafts. J Biol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.r000005200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4760_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140864.ps2906s74","author":"R Bruni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruni R, Kloss B (2013) High-throughput cloning and expression of integral membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. Curr Protocols Protein Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471140864.ps2906s74","journal-title":"Curr Protocols Protein Sci"},{"key":"4760_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08722","author":"SD Cady","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cady SD, Schmidt-Rohr K, Wang J, Soto CS, DeGrado WF, Hong M (2010) Structure of the amantadine binding site of influenza M2 proton channels in lipid bilayers. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08722","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4760_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02016.x","volume":"37","author":"G Calamita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Calamita G (2000) The Escherichia coli aquaporin-Z water channel. Mol Microbiol 37:254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02016.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.8.2766-2768.1997","author":"NM Carballeira","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carballeira NM, Reyes M, Sostre A, Huang H, Verhagen MF, Adams MW (1997) Unusual fatty acid compositions of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and the bacterium thermotoga maritima. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.179.8.2766-2768.1997","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306859101","author":"AE Cowan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cowan AE, Olivastro EM, Koppel DE, Loshon CA, Setlow B, Setlow P (2004) Lipids in the inner membrane of dormant spores of Bacillus species are largely immobile. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0306859101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4760_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danne L, Aktas M, Unger A, Linke WA, Erdmann R, Narberhaus F, mBio. (2017) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02082-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02082-16"},{"key":"4760_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diaz OR, Sayer CV, Popham DL, Shen A, mSphere. (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00205-18","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00205-18"},{"key":"4760_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00986-15","author":"ML Donnelly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donnelly ML, Fimlaid KA, Shen A (2016) Characterization of clostridium difficile spores lacking either SpoVAC or dipicolinic acid synthetase. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00986-15","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(02)02373-9","author":"A Driks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Driks A (2002) Maximum shields: the assembly and function of the bacterial spore coat. Trends Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0966-842x(02)02373-9","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Errington J (1993) Bacillus subtilis sporulation: regulation of gene expression and control of morphogenesis. Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mr.57.1.1-33.1993","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.57.1.1-33.1993"},{"key":"4760_CR18","first-page":"57","volume":"55","author":"X Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan X, Li W, Qin Y, Ding J, Yang J (2021) Clostridium perfringens and its public health hazards. Chin J Veterinary Med 55:57\u201364. http:\/\/doi.org\/Cnki:Sun:Zsyy 0.2021-09-009","journal-title":"Chin J Veterinary Med"},{"key":"4760_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003660","author":"KA Fimlaid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fimlaid KA et al (2013) Global analysis of the sporulation pathway of clostridium difficile. PLoS Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003660","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4760_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005239","author":"KA Fimlaid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fimlaid KA, Jensen O, Donnelly ML, Francis MB, Sorg JA, Shen A (2015) Identification of a novel lipoprotein regulator of clostridium difficile spore germination. PLoS Pathog. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005239","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4760_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.187.23.8055-8062.2005","author":"N Fisher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fisher N, Hanna P (2005) Characterization of Bacillus anthracis germinant receptors in vitro. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.187.23.8055-8062.2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003356","author":"MB Francis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Francis MB, Allen CA, Shrestha R, Sorg JA (2013) Bile acid recognition by the clostridium difficile germinant receptor, CspC, is important for Establishing infection. PLoS Pathog. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003356","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4760_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2008.08.002","author":"MA Goren","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goren MA, Fox BG (2008) Wheat germ cell-free translation, purification, and assembly of a functional human stearoyl-CoA desaturase complex. Protein Exp Purif. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pep.2008.08.002","journal-title":"Protein Exp Purif"},{"key":"4760_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04176.x","author":"KK Griffiths","year":"2009","unstructured":"Griffiths KK, Setlow P (2009) Effects of modification of membrane lipid composition on Bacillus subtilis sporulation and spore properties. J Appl Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04176.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guan Z, Katzianer D, Zhu J, Goldfine H (2014) Clostridium difficile contains plasmalogen species of phospholipids and glycolipids. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) - Molecular and cell biology of lipids. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.06.011"},{"key":"4760_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo J (2020) Study on the effect of heat and ultra high pressure combined with chemicals on spore intima and its germicidal efficacy. Master, Ningxia University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27257\/d.cnki.gnxhc.2020.000613","DOI":"10.27257\/d.cnki.gnxhc.2020.000613"},{"key":"4760_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.124.325443","author":"X Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo X et al (2025) Enhancer-Associated LncRNA-ITGA2 promotes vascular remodeling through ITGA2. Circul Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.124.325443","journal-title":"Circul Res"},{"key":"4760_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3495(03)70031-9","author":"KJ Hallock","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hallock KJ, Lee D-K, Ramamoorthy A (2003) MSI-78, an analogue of the Magainin antimicrobial Peptides, disrupts lipid bilayer structure via positive curvature strain. Biophys J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3495(03)70031-9","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"4760_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224","author":"AO Henriques","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henriques AO, Moran JCP (2007) Structure, assembly, and function of the spore surface layers. Annu Rev Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093224","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Honigmann A et al (2013) Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate clusters act as molecular beacons for vesicle recruitment. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nsmb.2570","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2570"},{"key":"4760_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065687","author":"Y Jia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jia Y, Tao F, Li W (2013) Lipid profiling demonstrates that suppressing Arabidopsis phospholipase D\u03b4 retards ABA-promoted leaf senescence by attenuating lipid degradation. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0065687","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4760_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19073.x","author":"NC Johnston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnston NC, Goldfine H (1994) Isolation and characterization of new phosphatidylglycerol acetals of plasmalogens. A family of ether lipids in clostridia. Eur J Biochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19073.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"4760_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kawai F, Hara H, Takamatsu H, Watabe K, Matsumoto K (2006) Cardiolipin enrichment in spore membranes and its involvement in germination of Bacillus subtilis Marburg. Genes & Genetic Systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1266\/ggs.81.69","DOI":"10.1266\/ggs.81.69"},{"key":"4760_CR34","unstructured":"Kessler KR, Benecke R (1997) Botulinum toxin: from poison to remedy. NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"4760_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kevorkian Y, Shirley DJ, Shen A, Biochimie. (2015) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.07.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.07.023"},{"key":"4760_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00218-18","author":"TJ Kochan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kochan TJ, Foley MH, Shoshiev MS, Somers MJ, Carlson PE, Hanna PC (2018) Updates to clostridium difficile spore germination. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00218-18","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/789652","author":"Y Koga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koga Y (2012) Thermal adaptation of the archaeal and bacterial lipid membranes. Archaea. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/789652","journal-title":"Archaea"},{"key":"4760_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-02333-z","author":"H Ledford","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ledford H (2025) Ageing accelerates around age 50 \u2015 some organs faster than others. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-025-02333-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4760_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05336.x","author":"MJ Leggett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leggett MJ, McDonnell G, Denyer SP, Setlow P, Maillard JY (2012) Bacterial spore structures and their protective role in biocide resistance. J Appl Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05336.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11111125","author":"I Little","year":"2024","unstructured":"Little I, Gutmark E (2024) Fundamentals and applications of fluid mechanics and acoustics in biomedical engineering. Bioengineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering11111125","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"4760_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00212-16","author":"H Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu H, Ray WK, Helm RF, Popham DL, Melville SB (2016) Analysis of the spore membrane proteome in clostridium perfringens implicates cyanophycin in spore assembly. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00212-16","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1101","DOI":"10.1016\/s0302-2838(24)00884-4","volume":"85","author":"S Lokeshwar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lokeshwar S et al (2024) A0305 - Pathologic Gleason upgrading following high-resolution micro-ultrasound, conventional ultrasound and MRI fusion biopsy techniques: A comparative study. Eur Urol 85:S1101\u2013S1101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0302-2838(24)00884-4","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4760_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.12.024","author":"C Lopes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopes C et al (2018) Lipidomic signature of Bacillus licheniformis I89 during the different growth phases unravelled by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arch Biochem Biophys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2018.12.024","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"4760_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu C (2025) Construction of human anti-aging cells by gene editing technology. Sci Technol Daily  2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28502\/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.004049","DOI":"10.28502\/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.004049"},{"key":"4760_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00477-08","author":"A Magge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magge A et al (2008) Role of dipicolinic acid in the germination, stability, and viability of spores of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00477-08","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04396","author":"HT McMahon","year":"2005","unstructured":"McMahon HT, Gallop JL (2005) Membrane curvature and mechanisms of dynamic cell membrane remodelling. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04396","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4760_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1861","author":"S Nickell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nickell S, Kofler C, Leis AP, Baumeister W (2006) A visual approach to proteomics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm1861","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4760_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b01877","author":"JD Nickels","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nickels JD et al (2017) Bacillus subtilis lipid Extract, A Branched-Chain fatty acid model membrane. J Phys Chem Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b01877","journal-title":"J Phys Chem Lett"},{"key":"4760_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5495","author":"N Null","year":"2018","unstructured":"Null N et al (2018) Public health risks associated with food-borne parasites. EFSA J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5495","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"4760_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.182.9.2513-2519.2000","author":"M Paidhungat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paidhungat M, Setlow P (2000) Role of Ger proteins in nutrient and nonnutrient triggering of spore Germination in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.182.9.2513-2519.2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.182.19.5505-5512.2000","author":"M Paidhungat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paidhungat M, Setlow B, Driks A, Setlow P (2000) Characterization of spores of Bacillus subtilis which lack dipicolinic acid. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.182.19.5505-5512.2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pang Y et al (2022) Proteomic Response of Bacillus subtilis Spores under High Pressure Combined with Moderate Temperature and Random Peptide Mixture LK Treatment. Foods.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11081123","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11081123"},{"key":"4760_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01748-07","author":"D Paredes-Sabja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paredes-Sabja D, Torres JA, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2007) Clostridium perfringens spore germination: characterization of germinants and their receptors. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.01748-07","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2010.10.004","author":"D Paredes-Sabja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paredes-Sabja D, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2010) Germination of spores of bacillales and clostridiales species: mechanisms and proteins involved. Trends Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2010.10.004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.04.003","author":"D Paredes-Sabja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paredes-Sabja D, Shen A, Sorg JA (2014) Clostridium difficile spore biology: sporulation, germination, and spore structural proteins. Trends Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2014.04.003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.05182-11","author":"P Permpoonpattana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Permpoonpattana P, Tolls EH, Nadem R, Tan S, Brisson A, Cutting SM (2011) Surface layers of clostridium difficile endospores. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.05182-11","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m308366200","author":"K Pfeiffer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pfeiffer K et al (2003) Cardiolipin stabilizes respiratory chain supercomplexes. J Biol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.m308366200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4760_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.002","author":"D Porubsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porubsky D, Eichler EE (2024) A 25-year odyssey of genomic technology advances and structural variant discovery. Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4760_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.02181-12","author":"EE Putnam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Putnam EE, Nock AM, Lawley TD, Shen A (2013) SpoIVA and SipL are clostridium difficile spore morphogenetic proteins. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.02181-12","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR60","first-page":"407","volume":"41","author":"B Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao B, Yao T, Jiang Y, Chen C, Ma X, Ye H (2022) Microstructure and electrical properties of LaTiO3 epitaxial films. J Chin Electron Microscopy Soc 41:407\u2013412. http:\/\/doi.org\/Cnki:Sun:Dzxv 0.2022-04-007","journal-title":"J Chin Electron Microscopy Soc"},{"key":"4760_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-13-261","author":"H Qin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qin H, Driks A (2013) Contrasting evolutionary patterns of spore coat proteins in two Bacillus species groups are linked to a difference in cellular structure. BMC Ecol Evol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-13-261","journal-title":"BMC Ecol Evol"},{"key":"4760_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-50","author":"D Raju","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raju D, Waters M, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2006) Investigating the role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to heat. BMC Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-6-50","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02500-06","author":"D Raju","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raju D, Setlow P, Sarker MR (2007) Antisense-RNA-mediated decreased synthesis of small, acid-soluble spore proteins leads to decreased resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat and UV radiation. Appl Environ Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02500-06","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rauch J, Janoff SA (1990) Phospholipid in the hexagonal II phase is immunogenic: evidence for immunorecognition of nonbilayer lipid phases in vivo. In: Proceedings of the National academy of sciences of the United States of America. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.87.11.4112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.11.4112"},{"key":"4760_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ren H (2021) Screening and interaction network analysis of heat shock response proteins from clostridium perfringens spores. Master, Henan Agricultural University. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27117\/d.cnki.ghenu.2021.000857","DOI":"10.27117\/d.cnki.ghenu.2021.000857"},{"key":"4760_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116478109","author":"M Renault","year":"2012","unstructured":"Renault M, Tommassen-van Boxtel R, Bos MP, Post JA, Tommassen J, Baldus M (2012) Cellular solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1116478109","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4760_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008224","author":"AE Rohlfing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rohlfing AE et al (2019) The CspC pseudoprotease regulates germination of clostridioides difficile spores in response to multiple environmental signals. PLoS Genet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008224","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4760_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ross C, Abel-Santos E (2010) The Ger receptor family from sporulating bacteria. Curr Issues Mol Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21775\/cimb.012.147","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.012.147"},{"key":"4760_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy S, Ho JCS, Teo DLC, Gupta S, Nallani M (2023) Biomimetic Stratum Corneum Liposome Models: Lamellar Organization and Permeability Studies. Membranes.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/membranes13020135","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13020135"},{"key":"4760_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118425831.fmatter","author":"Russell HAs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russell HAs (2013) Principles and practice of Disinfection,Preservation and sterilization. Front Matter. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118425831.fmatter","journal-title":"Front Matter"},{"key":"4760_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2013.09.024","author":"A Schertel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schertel A et al (2013) Cryo FIB-SEM: volume imaging of cellular ultrastructure in native frozen specimens. J Struct Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsb.2013.09.024","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"4760_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x","author":"P Setlow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Setlow P (2006) Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals. J Appl Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.02.004","author":"P Setlow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Setlow P (2007) I will survive: DNA protection in bacterial spores. Trends Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2007.02.004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setlow P (2013a) Resistance of bacterial spores to chemical agents. Bacterial Sensitivity and Resistance to Microbicides","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816841.ch18"},{"key":"4760_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12343","author":"P Setlow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Setlow P (2013b) Summer meeting 201\u2013when the sleepers wake: the germination of spores of Bacillus species. J Appl Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.12343","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Setlow P (2014) Spore resistance properties. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.tbs-0003-2012","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.tbs-0003-2012"},{"key":"4760_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.596092","author":"P Setlow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Setlow P, Christie G (2020) Bacterial spore mRNA \u2013 What\u2019s up with that? Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.596092","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00080-22","author":"P Setlow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Setlow P, Christie G (2023) New thoughts on an old topic: secrets of bacterial spore resistance slowly being revealed. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00080-22","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"4760_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12506","author":"P Setlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Setlow P, Li L (2015) Photochemistry and photobiology of the spore photoproduct: A 50-Year journey. Photochem Photobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/php.12506","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"4760_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.7.2312-2322.1992","author":"B Setlow","year":"1992","unstructured":"Setlow B, Sun D, Setlow P (1992) Interaction between DNA and alpha\/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins: a new class of DNA-binding protein. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.174.7.2312-2322.1992","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090816-093558","author":"P Setlow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Setlow P, Wang S, Li Y-Q (2017) Germination of spores of the orders bacillales and clostridiales. Annu Rev Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-micro-090816-093558","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR82","unstructured":"Shashank M, Patil RR, SHIRAHATTI, PRITHVIS, NAGENDRA PRASAD VBCK MN, S., SUJAY, andTEJASWINI M (2023) Global food safety and quality a worldwide scenario. Food microbial and molecular biology"},{"key":"4760_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0017-2018","author":"A Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen A, Edwards AN, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D (2019) Sporulation and germination in clostridial pathogens. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0017-2018","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"4760_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silhavy TJ, Kahne D, Fau - Walker S, Walker S (2010) The bacterial cell envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a000414","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000414"},{"key":"4760_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42408","author":"K Simons","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simons K, Ikonen E (1997) Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/42408","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4760_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.019","author":"L Sinai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinai L, Rosenberg A, Smith Y, Segev E, Ben-Yehuda S (2015) The molecular timeline of a reviving bacterial spore. Mol Cell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"4760_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.744953","author":"MT Sinnel\u00e4","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinnel\u00e4 MT, Pawluk AM, Jin YH, Kim D, Mah J-H (2021) Effect of calcium and manganese supplementation on heat resistance of spores of Bacillus species associated with food Poisoning, Spoilage, and fermentation. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.744953","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv008","author":"C Sohlenkamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sohlenkamp C, Geiger O (2015) Bacterial membrane lipids: diversity in structures and pathways. FEMS Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuv008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4760_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2024.149493","author":"S Streckaite","year":"2024","unstructured":"Streckaite S et al (2024) Functional organization of 3D plant thylakoid membranes as seen by high resolution microscopy. Biochim Et Biophys Acta Bioenergetics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbabio.2024.149493","journal-title":"Biochim Et Biophys Acta Bioenergetics"},{"key":"4760_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908712106","author":"EP Sunde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sunde EP, Setlow P, Hederstedt L, Halle B (2009) The physical state of water in bacterial spores. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0908712106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4760_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan H et al (2021) Dynamics properties of membrane proteins in native cell membranes revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamem.2021.183791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2021.183791"},{"key":"4760_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(81)90583-6","author":"CPS Tilcock","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tilcock CPS, Cullis PR (1981) The polymorphic phase behaviour of mixed phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylethanolamine model systems as detected by 31P-NMR. Biochim Biophys Acta. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-2736(81)90583-6","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"4760_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vahkal B, Kraft J, Ferretti E, Chung M, Beaulieu J-F, Altosaar I (2021) Review of Methodological Approaches to Human Milk Small Extracellular Vesicle Proteomics. Biomolecules.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11060833","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060833"},{"key":"4760_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.4.2472","author":"C Van der Does","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van der Does C, Swaving J, Van Klompenburg W, Driessen AJM (2000) Non-bilayer lipids stimulate the activity of the reconstituted bacterial protein translocase. J Biol Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.275.4.2472","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4760_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2330","author":"G Van Meer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Meer G, Voelker DR, Feigenson GW (2008) Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2330","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4760_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01613-06","author":"VR Vepachedu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vepachedu VR, Setlow P (2006) Role of SpoVA proteins in release of dipicolinic acid during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores triggered by dodecylamine or lysozyme. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.01613-06","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.02490-14","author":"S Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang S, Setlow P, Li Y-q (2015) Slow leakage of Ca-dipicolinic acid from individual Bacillus spores during initiation of spore germination. J Bacteriol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.02490-14","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"4760_CR97","first-page":"3305","volume":"56","author":"N Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang N, Wang C, Wang J, Lin X, He L (2025) Effects of phosphatidylethanolamine on colonic mucosal barrier function and intestinal flora in postnatal growth retardation piglets. J Anim Husb Veterinary Med 56:3305\u20133315","journal-title":"J Anim Husb Veterinary Med"},{"key":"4760_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Webb KM, DiRuggiero J, Archaea. (2012) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/845756","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/845756"},{"key":"4760_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei X et al (2022) The Bibliometric Landscape of Gene Editing Innovation and Regulation in the Worldwide. Cells.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172682","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172682"},{"key":"4760_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wetzel D, Fischer R-J, Microbiology. (2015) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.000162","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000162"},{"key":"4760_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh4168","author":"H Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie H, Zhao Y, Zhao W, Chen Y, Liu M, Yang J (2023) Solid-state NMR structure determination of a membrane protein in E. coli cellular inner membrane. Sci Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adh4168","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"4760_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zbylicki BR, Cochran S, Weiss DS, Ellermeier CD, mBio. (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03512-24","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03512-24"},{"key":"4760_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1839","author":"Y-M Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang Y-M, Rock CO (2008) Membrane lipid homeostasis in bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro1839","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4760_CR105","first-page":"240","volume":"44","author":"T Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang T et al (2023) Research progress on molecular mechanism of bacterial spore germination. Food Sci 44:240\u2013251. https:\/\/link.cnki.net\/urlid\/11.2206.TS.20221230.0831.006","journal-title":"Food Sci"},{"key":"4760_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang L, Genes. et al (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes15060668","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060668"},{"key":"4760_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00976","author":"L Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng L et al (2016) Bacillus subtilis spore inner membrane proteome. J Proteome Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00976","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"}],"container-title":["Archives of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:59:47Z","timestamp":1774699187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04760-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-8933","1432-072X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-8933","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-072X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"195"}}