{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1777280129737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T03:52:24Z","timestamp":1771818744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Host mitochondrial DNA in bacterial pathogenesis: Friend, Foe, or Both?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Shoraka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Karimi-Jashni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76251-7","volume":"10","author":"H Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn H, Lee G-S (2020) Riboflavin, vitamin B2, attenuates NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and non-canonical inflammasomes by the inhibition of caspase-1 activity. Sci Rep 10(1):19091","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4784_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2257-4_12","volume-title":"Mitochondrial Medicine: Volume I, Probing Mitochondrial Function","author":"S Ajaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ajaz S, Czajka A, Malik A (2015) Accurate measurement of circulating mitochondrial DNA content from human blood samples using real-time quantitative PCR. Mitochondrial Medicine: Volume I, Probing Mitochondrial Function. Springer, pp 117\u2013131"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR3","volume":"9","author":"AA Al-Qahtani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Qahtani AA, Alhamlan FS, Al-Qahtani AA (2024) Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins in infectious diseases: a comprehensive review. Trop Med Infect Dis 9(1):13","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg251","volume":"31","author":"TI Alam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alam TI et al (2003) Human mitochondrial DNA is packaged with TFAM. Nucleic Acids Res 31(6):1640\u20131645","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4784_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1188112","volume":"14","author":"M Alqahtani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alqahtani M et al (2023) Comparative analysis of absent in melanoma 2-inflammasome activation in Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida. Front Microbiol 14:1188112","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"46","key":"4784_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708744114","volume":"114","author":"J Bai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bai J et al (2017) DsbA-L prevents obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by suppressing the mtDNA release-activated cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(46):12196\u201312201","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"84","key":"4784_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ade7652","volume":"8","author":"SH Baik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baik SH et al (2023) Hexokinase dissociation from mitochondria promotes oligomerization of VDAC that facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Sci Immunol 8(84):eade7652","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22579","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22579","volume":"6","author":"W Bao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bao W et al (2016) Toll-like receptor 9 can be activated by endogenous mitochondrial DNA to induce podocyte apoptosis. Sci Rep 6(1):22579","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9503","key":"4784_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67890-7","volume":"366","author":"SV Baudouin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baudouin SV et al (2005) Mitochondrial DNA and survival after sepsis: a prospective study. Lancet 366(9503):2118\u20132121","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00630-3","volume":"18","author":"D Bertheloot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertheloot D, Latz E, Franklin BS (2021) Necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis: an intricate game of cell death. Cell Mol Immunol 18(5):1106\u20131121","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100329","author":"R Bi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bi R et al (2022) Direct evidence of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mitochondrial genome editing. Innovation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100329","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.37513\/curj.v2i1.712","volume":"2","author":"N Bondah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bondah N (2023) Effects of increased mitochondrial DNA mutation on the macrophage response to Listeria monocytogenes. Cornell Undergrad Res J 2(1):4\u201316","journal-title":"Cornell Undergrad Res J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03239-w","volume":"43","author":"D Boso","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boso D et al (2024) Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variants are associated with response to anti-VEGF therapy in ovarian cancer PDX models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 43(1):325","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4784_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10397.1","volume":"6","author":"RK Boyapati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boyapati RK et al (2017) Advances in the understanding of mitochondrial DNA as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases. F1000Res 6:169","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001969","volume":"58","author":"GD Briggs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Briggs GD et al (2022) Not all cell-free mitochondrial DNA is equal in trauma patients. Shock 58(3):231\u2013235","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"5663","key":"4784_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","volume":"303","author":"V Brinkmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brinkmann V et al (2004) Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science 303(5663):1532\u20131535","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4784_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00768","volume":"11","author":"S Busani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Busani S et al (2020) Increased plasma levels of mitochondrial DNA and normal inflammasome gene expression in monocytes characterize patients with septic shock due to multidrug resistant bacteria. Front Immunol 11:768","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-2015-1","volume":"10","author":"C Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao C, Yu M, Chai Y (2019) Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 10(10):782","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47190-y","volume":"15","author":"H-Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H-Y et al (2024) Mitochondrial injury induced by a Salmonella genotoxin triggers the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Commun 15(1):2778","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4784_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1166214","volume":"14","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Liao Z, Xu P (2023) Mitochondrial control of innate immune responses. Front Immunol 14:1166214","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00682","volume":"12","author":"PF Chinnery","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chinnery PF, Gomez-Duran A (2018) Oldies but goldies mtDNA population variants and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 12:682","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"17","key":"4784_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100340","volume":"37","author":"K Cosentino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cosentino K, Garc\u00eda\u2010S\u00e1ez AJ (2018) MIM through MOM: the awakening of Bax and Bak pores. EMBO J 37(17):e100340","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"4784_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.001","volume":"41","author":"CSD Cruz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cruz CSD, Kang M-J (2018) Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in chronic inflammatory diseases. Mitochondrion 41:37\u201344","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148142","volume":"11","author":"PG Czaikoski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Czaikoski PG et al (2016) Neutrophil extracellular traps induce organ damage during experimental and clinical sepsis. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0148142","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4784_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mtm.2014.5","author":"D Damjanovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Damjanovic D et al (2014) Type 1 interferon gene transfer enhances host defense against pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection via activating innate leukocytes. Mol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mtm.2014.5","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112898","volume":"10","author":"A De Gaetano","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Gaetano A et al (2021) Molecular mechanisms of mtDNA-mediated inflammation. Cells 10(11):2898","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12050933","volume":"12","author":"FS de Miranda","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Miranda FS et al (2024) Cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as potential biomarkers for assessing sepsis severity. Biomedicines 12(5):933","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57191-y","volume":"14","author":"FG de Souza","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Souza FG et al (2024) Mitochondrial variants of complex I genes associated with leprosy clinical subtypes. Sci Rep 14(1):6365","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6497","key":"4784_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0860","volume":"368","author":"G Desd\u00edn-Mic\u00f3","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desd\u00edn-Mic\u00f3 G et al (2020) T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence. Science 368(6497):1371\u20131376","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4784_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.11.004","volume":"50","author":"R Dhanwani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dhanwani R, Takahashi M, Sharma S (2018) Cytosolic sensing of immuno-stimulatory DNA, the enemy within. Curr Opin Immunol 50:82\u201387","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.12.1103","volume":"127","author":"R Dworski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dworski R et al (2011) Eosinophil and neutrophil extracellular DNA traps in human allergic asthmatic airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127(5):1260\u20131266","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4784_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2019-0481","volume":"66","author":"Y Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang Y et al (2020) Cytosolic mtDNA released from pneumolysin-damaged mitochondria triggers IFN-\u03b2 production in epithelial cells. Can J Microbiol 66(7):435\u2013445","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031019","volume":"26","author":"EI Fedotova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fedotova EI et al (2025) The role of MtDNA mutations in atherosclerosis: the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on macrophage polarization. Int J Mol Sci 26(3):1019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095073","volume":"9","author":"I Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fernandez-Ruiz I et al (2014) Mitochondrial DAMPs induce endotoxin tolerance in human monocytes: an observation in patients with myocardial infarction. PLoS ONE 9(5):e95073","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4784_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2021.102144","volume":"131","author":"L Freimane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freimane L et al (2021) Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 131:102144","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"4784_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00630","volume":"10","author":"Y Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao Y et al (2019) Mitochondrial DNA leakage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae hydrogen peroxide promotes type I IFN expression in lung cells. Front Microbiol 10:630","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4784_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16563","volume":"290","author":"M Garg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garg M, Johri S, Chakraborty K (2023) Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology? FEBS J 290(18):4395\u20134418","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"4784_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01358-8","author":"C Garlanda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garlanda C, Di Ceglie I, Jaillon S (2025) IL-1 family cytokines in inflammation and immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01358-8","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garrabou, G., et al., Influence of mitochondrial genetics on the mitochondrial toxicity of linezolid in blood cells and skin nerve fibers. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2017. 61(9): p. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac. 00542\u201317.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-07-0399","volume":"14","author":"N Garrido","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garrido N et al (2003) Composition and dynamics of human mitochondrial nucleoids. Mol Biol Cell 14(4):1583\u20131596","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.004","volume":"39","author":"N Gehrke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gehrke N et al (2013) Oxidative damage of DNA confers resistance to cytosolic nuclease TREX1 degradation and potentiates STING-dependent immune sensing. Immunity 39(3):482\u2013495","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02042-0","volume":"23","author":"L Giordano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giordano L et al (2025) Mitochondrial DNA signals driving immune responses: why, how, where? Cell Commun Signal 23(1):192","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.37.110801.142526","volume":"38","author":"MW Gray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gray MW, Lang BF, Burger G (2004) Mitochondria of protists. Annu Rev Genet 38(1):477\u2013524","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"4784_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00832","volume":"9","author":"S Grazioli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grazioli S, Pugin J (2018) Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns: from inflammatory signaling to human diseases. Front Immunol 9:832","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"4784_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5093","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp532","volume":"37","author":"F Grewe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grewe F et al (2009) A trans-splicing group I intron and tRNA-hyperediting in the mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Isoetes engelmannii. Nucleic Acids Res 37(15):5093\u20135104","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4784_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064293","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1064293","volume":"14","author":"JW Guarnieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guarnieri JW et al (2023) SARS-COV-2 viroporins activate the NLRP3-inflammasome by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Front Immunol 14:1064293","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900869","volume":"204","author":"Y Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han Y et al (2020) Airway epithelial cGAS is critical for induction of experimental allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 204(6):1437\u20131447","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR46","first-page":"284","volume":"23","author":"JS Harrington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrington JS, Choi AM, Nakahira K (2017) Mitochondrial DNA in sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care 23(4):284\u2013290","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"36","key":"4784_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401077","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401077","volume":"11","author":"CA Headley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Headley CA et al (2024a) Mitochondrial Transplantation promotes protective effector and memory CD4+ T cell response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and diminishes exhaustion and senescence in elderly CD4+ T cells. Advanced Science 11(36):2401077","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303664","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303664","volume":"11","author":"CA Headley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Headley CA et al (2024b) Extracellular delivery of functional mitochondria rescues the dysfunction of CD4+ T cells in aging. Advanced Science 11(5):2303664","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR49","first-page":"169","volume":"12","author":"T Hiyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hiyama T et al (2003) Somatic mutation of mitochondrial DNA in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis in patients with and without gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 12(2):169\u2013174","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31331","volume":"239","author":"Q Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong Q et al (2024) The emerging role of mtDNA release in sepsis: current evidence and potential therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 239(11):e31331","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4784_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814163","volume":"24","author":"G Hovhannisyan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hovhannisyan G et al (2023) The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of cell-free DNA with a special focus on COVID-19 and other viral infections. Int J Mol Sci 24(18):14163","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.276","volume":"18","author":"Q Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu Q et al (2017) Elevated levels of plasma mitochondrial DNA are associated with clinical outcome in intra-abdominal infections caused by severe trauma. Surg Infect 18(5):610\u2013618","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"23","key":"4784_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15001","volume":"286","author":"X Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu X et al (2019) Type I IFN expression is stimulated by cytosolic Mt DNA released from pneumolysin-damaged mitochondria via the STING signaling pathway in macrophages. FEBS J 286(23):4754\u20134768","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01870-2","volume":"10","author":"C Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu C et al (2024) AIM2 regulates autophagy to mitigate oxidative stress in aged mice with acute liver injury. Cell Death Discovery 10(1):107","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-070119-115052","volume":"38","author":"M-M Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu M-M, Shu H-B (2020) Innate immune response to cytoplasmic DNA: mechanisms and diseases. Annu Rev Immunol 38(1):79\u201398","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4784_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01086-x","volume":"20","author":"M-M Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu M-M, Shu H-B (2023) Mitochondrial DNA-triggered innate immune response: mechanisms and diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 20(12):1403\u20131412","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.002","volume":"52","author":"LS Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang LS et al (2020) mtDNA activates cGAS signaling and suppresses the YAP-mediated endothelial cell proliferation program to promote inflammatory injury. Immunity 52(3):475-486. e5","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4784_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.919973","volume":"13","author":"SA Ihim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ihim SA et al (2022) Interleukin-18 cytokine in immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity: biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment. Front Immunol 13:919973","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.981915","volume":"11","author":"MS Jabir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jabir MS et al (2015) Mitochondrial damage contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa activation of the inflammasome and is downregulated by autophagy. Autophagy 11(1):166\u2013182","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.005","volume":"70","author":"MA Jim\u00e9nez-Sousa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Sousa MA et al (2015) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are associated with severe sepsis and mortality in patients who underwent major surgery. J Infect 70(1):20\u201329","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"4784_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.698825","volume":"12","author":"SW Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones SW et al (2021) The role of mitochondrial DNA variation in drug response: a systematic review. Front Genet 12:698825","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1058","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00400.2014","volume":"308","author":"S-S Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung S-S et al (2015) Carbon monoxide negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 308(10):L1058\u2013L1067","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006644","volume":"13","author":"M Kader","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kader M et al (2017) MyD88-dependent inflammasome activation and autophagy inhibition contributes to Ehrlichia-induced liver injury and toxic shock. PLoS Pathog 13(10):e1006644","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4784_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.910654","volume":"12","author":"N Kano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kano N et al (2022) Pathophysiological role of nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptors in inflammatory diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12:910654","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11010086","volume":"11","author":"S Kausar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kausar S et al (2020) Mitochondrial DNA: a key regulator of anti-microbial innate immunity. Genes 11(1):86","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"13","key":"4784_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu065","volume":"23","author":"MC Kenney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kenney MC et al (2014) Inherited mitochondrial DNA variants can affect complement, inflammation and apoptosis pathways: insights into mitochondrial\u2013nuclear interactions. Hum Mol Genet 23(13):3537\u20133551","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"4784_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2020.05.005","volume":"53","author":"S Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan S et al (2020) Modulation of host mitochondrial dynamics during bacterial infection. Mitochondrion 53:140\u2013149","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"6472","key":"4784_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav4011","volume":"366","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J et al (2019) VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease. Science 366(6472):1531\u20131536","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008294","volume":"16","author":"B-R Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim B-R et al (2020) Mycobacterium abscessus infection leads to enhanced production of type 1 interferon and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine macrophages via mitochondrial oxidative stress. PLoS Pathog 16(3):e1008294","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4784_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2024.101852","volume":"75","author":"JK Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim JK, Jo E-K (2024) Host and microbial regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species during mycobacterial infections. Mitochondrion 75:101852","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102282","volume":"9","author":"B Koos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koos B et al (2020) LPS-induced endotoxemia evokes epigenetic alterations in mitochondrial DNA that impacts inflammatory response. Cells 9(10):2282","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01529-z","volume":"71","author":"I Koprivica","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koprivica I et al (2022) Ethyl pyruvate, a versatile protector in inflammation and autoimmunity. Inflamm Res 71(2):169\u2013182","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"4784_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13384","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413384","volume":"22","author":"P Kowalczyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kowalczyk P et al (2021) Mitochondrial oxidative stress\u2014a causative factor and therapeutic target in many diseases. Int J Mol Sci 22(24):13384","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1078","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00015.2015","volume":"308","author":"JL Kuck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuck JL et al (2015) Mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns mediate a feed-forward cycle of bacteria-induced vascular injury in perfused rat lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 308(10):L1078\u2013L1085","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.280156","volume":"287","author":"Y Kurihara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurihara Y et al (2012) Mitophagy plays an essential role in reducing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and mutation of mitochondrial DNA by maintaining mitochondrial quantity and quality in yeast. J Biol Chem 287(5):3265\u20133272","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4784_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam, L.M., et al., DNA binding to TLR9 expressed by red blood cells promotes innate immune activation and anemia. Science translational medicine, 2021. 13(616): p. eabj1008.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj1008"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000203645","volume":"1","author":"X Lauth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lauth X et al (2009) M1 protein allows Group A streptococcal survival in phagocyte extracellular traps through cathelicidin inhibition. J Innate Immun 1(3):202\u2013214","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"4784_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw195","volume":"8","author":"DV Lavrov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lavrov DV, Pett W (2016) Animal mitochondrial DNA as we do not know it: mt-genome organization and evolution in nonbilaterian lineages. Genome Biol Evol 8(9):2896\u20132913","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000838","volume":"48","author":"Y-L Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee Y-L et al (2017) Mitochondrial DNA damage initiates acute lung injury and multi-organ system failure evoked in rats by intra-tracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Shock 48(1):54\u201360","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"8","key":"4784_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081207","volume":"8","author":"L-N Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee L-N et al (2019a) Mitochondrial DNA variants in patients with liver injury due to anti-tuberculosis drugs. J Clin Med 8(8):1207","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112138","volume":"24","author":"HE Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee HE et al (2019b) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents acute gout by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Molecules 24(11):2138","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"4784_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092482","volume":"10","author":"Y Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee Y et al (2021) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup related to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. Cells 10(9):2482","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020401","volume":"12","author":"C-E Leferman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leferman C-E et al (2023) Mitochondria-targeted curcumin: a potent antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a possible intracellular ROS accumulation as the mechanism of action. Antibiotics (Basel) 12(2):401","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"4784_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169.11","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.200.Supp.169.11","volume":"200","author":"Y Lei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lei Y, Martinez CG, West P (2018) Oxidative stress enhances mitochondrial DNA-dependent type I interferon responses. J Immunol 200(Supplement_1):169.11-169.11","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6296","key":"4784_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf5549","volume":"353","author":"SC Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis SC, Uchiyama LF, Nunnari J (2016) ER-mitochondria contacts couple mtDNA synthesis with mitochondrial division in human cells. Science 353(6296):aaf5549","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-018-0006-9","volume":"24","author":"S Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li S et al (2018) Identification of ethyl pyruvate as a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor that preserves mitochondrial integrity. Mol Med 24(1):8","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"4784_CR87","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Methods in Cell Biology","author":"C Licini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Licini C et al (2025) Analysis of cytosolic mtDNA release during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Methods in Cell Biology. Elsevier, pp 93\u2013107"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911646117","volume":"117","author":"J Lienard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lienard J et al (2020) The Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 system mediates phagosomal permeabilization and type I interferon production via separable mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117(2):1160\u20131166","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"4784_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142143","volume":"43","author":"D Lindau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindau D et al (2013) Primary blood neutrophils express a functional cell surface T oll-like receptor 9. Eur J Immunol 43(8):2101\u20132113","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4784_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03961-9","volume":"12","author":"Q Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Q et al (2021) Circulating mitochondrial DNA-triggered autophagy dysfunction via STING underlies sepsis-related acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis 12(7):673","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4784_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.814709","volume":"12","author":"N Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu N et al (2022a) The cGAS-STING pathway in bacterial infection and bacterial immunity. Front Immunol 12:814709","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"24","key":"4784_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2022111173","volume":"41","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H et al (2022b) Prohibitin 1 regulates mtDNA release and downstream inflammatory responses. EMBO J 41(24):e111173","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"4784_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.014","volume":"210","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S et al (2024) Ribosome-targeting antibiotic control NLRP3-mediated inflammation by inhibiting mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 210:75\u201384","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06722-w","volume":"23","author":"H Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu H et al (2025) Recent advances and applications of mitochondria in tumors and inflammation. J Transl Med 23(1):764","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30074","volume":"139","author":"S Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu S, Feng M, Guan W (2016) Mitochondrial DNA sensing by STING signaling participates in inflammation, cancer and beyond. Int J Cancer 139(4):736\u2013741","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes577","volume":"110","author":"D Lowes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lowes D et al (2013) Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ dysfunction in a rat model of acute sepsis. Br J Anaesth 110(3):472\u2013480","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4784_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003381","author":"DT Lubkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lubkin DT et al (2018) Extracellular mitochondrial DNA and N-formyl peptides in trauma and critical illness: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003381","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-257","volume":"15","author":"J Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma J et al (2014) Mtdna haplogroup and single nucleotide polymorphisms structure human microbiome communities. BMC Genomics 15(1):257","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"9","key":"4784_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2686","volume":"15","author":"AMD Machado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Machado AMD et al (2009) Helicobacter pylori infection induces genetic instability of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in gastric cells. Clin Cancer Res 15(9):2995\u20133002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4784_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08841-3","volume":"50","author":"A Mahmoodpoor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahmoodpoor A et al (2023) Prognostic potential of circulating cell free mitochondrial DNA levels in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 50(12):10249\u201310255","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2012.10.011","volume":"13","author":"AN Malik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malik AN, Czajka A (2013) Is mitochondrial DNA content a potential biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction? Mitochondrion 13(5):481\u2013492","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.05.008","volume":"25","author":"FV Marinho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marinho FV et al (2017) The emerging roles of STING in bacterial infections. Trends Microbiol 25(11):906\u2013918","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00008-3","volume":"2","author":"E Marques","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marques E, Kramer R, Ryan DG (2024) Multifaceted mitochondria in innate immunity. NPJ Metab Health Dis 2(1):6","journal-title":"NPJ Metab Health Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4784_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081005","volume":"12","author":"NM Maurice","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maurice NM, Sadikot RT (2023) Mitochondrial dysfunction in bacterial infections. Pathogens 12(8):1005","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"4784_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao6047","author":"KA-O McArthur","year":"2018","unstructured":"McArthur KA-O et al (2018) BAK\/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis. Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aao6047. ((1095-9203 (Electronic)))","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.004","volume":"56","author":"R Miao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miao R et al (2023) Gasdermin D permeabilization of mitochondrial inner and outer membranes accelerates and enhances pyroptosis. Immunity 56(11):2523-2541. e8","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010190","volume":"18","author":"D Milenkovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milenkovic D et al (2022) Mice lacking the mitochondrial exonuclease MGME1 develop inflammatory kidney disease with glomerular dysfunction. PLoS Genet 18(5):e1010190","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"4784_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monson KR et al (2025) Inherited mitochondrial genetics as a predictor of immune checkpoint inhibition efficacy in melanoma. Nat Med 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03699-3"},{"key":"4784_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101270","author":"M Moriyama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moriyama M et al (2020) Influenza virus-induced oxidized DNA activates inflammasomes. iScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101270","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"13","key":"4784_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7030","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137030","volume":"22","author":"GE Moya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moya GE, Rivera PD, Dittenhafer-Reed KE (2021) Evidence for the role of mitochondrial DNA release in the inflammatory response in neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 22(13):7030","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043919","volume":"24","author":"A Mundra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mundra A et al (2023) Pathogenicity of type I interferons in mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 24(4):3919","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2012.06.006","volume":"12","author":"H Muyderman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muyderman H et al (2012) The mitochondrial T1095C mutation increases gentamicin-mediated apoptosis. Mitochondrion 12(4):465\u2013471","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"12","key":"4784_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001577","volume":"10","author":"K Nakahira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakahira K et al (2013) Circulating mitochondrial DNA in patients in the ICU as a marker of mortality: derivation and validation. PLoS Med 10(12):e1001577","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR115","first-page":"113","volume":"1","author":"N Neelapu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neelapu N et al (2014) Helicobacter pylori induced gastric inflammation, ulcer, and cancer: a pathogenesis perspective. Interdiscip J Microinflammation 1(2):113","journal-title":"Interdiscip J Microinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18468-7","volume":"8","author":"A Nerlich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nerlich A et al (2018) Pneumolysin induced mitochondrial dysfunction leads to release of mitochondrial DNA. Sci Rep 8(1):182","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4784_CR117","unstructured":"Nerlich AAO et al Pneumolysin induced mitochondrial dysfunction leads to release of mitochondrial DNA. (2045\u20132322 (Electronic))"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-032620-104401","volume":"92","author":"LE Newman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Newman LE, Shadel GS (2023) Mitochondrial DNA release in innate immune signaling. Annu Rev Biochem 92(1):299\u2013332","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"21","key":"4784_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr350","volume":"20","author":"D Pacheu-Grau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pacheu-Grau D et al (2011) \u2018Progress\u2019 renders detrimental an ancient mitochondrial DNA genetic variant. Hum Mol Genet 20(21):4224\u20134231","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds517","volume":"22","author":"D Pacheu-Grau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pacheu-Grau D et al (2013) Mitochondrial antibiograms in personalized medicine. Hum Mol Genet 22(6):1132\u20131139","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"4784_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan SW et al (2022) Circulating mitochondrial cell-free DNA dynamics in patients with mycobacterial pulmonary infections: potential for a novel biomarker of disease. Front Immunol 13:1040947","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1040947"},{"issue":"7","key":"4784_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F734","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00643.2013","volume":"306","author":"NK Patil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patil NK et al (2014) Inactivation of renal mitochondrial respiratory complexes and manganese superoxide dismutase during sepsis: mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitigates injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306(7):F734\u2013F743","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"4784_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrick KL, Watson RO (2021) Mitochondria: powering the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 89(4)","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00687-20"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20190233","volume":"48","author":"SL Penman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Penman SL, Carter AS, Chadwick AE (2020) Investigating the importance of individual mitochondrial genotype in susceptibility to drug-induced toxicity. Biochem Soc Trans 48(3):787\u2013797","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"4784_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.013","volume":"152","author":"CA Piantadosi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piantadosi CA (2020) Mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and innate immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 152:455\u2013461","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297915050168","volume":"80","author":"A Prikhodko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prikhodko A et al (2015) Pure mitochondrial DNA does not activate human neutrophils in vitro. Biochem Mosc 80(5):629\u2013635","journal-title":"Biochem Mosc"},{"issue":"1_Supplement","key":"4784_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077_4586","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.212.supp.1077.4586","volume":"212","author":"R Priya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Priya R, Raghunandanan S, Yang F (2024) BorreliaBurgdorferi mediated mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol induces host inflammatory response via the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. J Immunol 212(1_Supplement):1077_4586-1077_4586","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01481-25","author":"M Qiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiu M et al (2025) The dual role of type I interferons in bacterial infections: from immune defense to pathogenesis. Mbio. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.01481-25","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"issue":"2","key":"4784_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7537","volume":"31","author":"VA Reitsema","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reitsema VA et al (2019) Metabolic resuscitation strategies to prevent organ dysfunction in sepsis. Antioxid Redox Signal 31(2):134\u2013152","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01235-w","volume":"46","author":"B Relja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Relja B, Land WG (2020) Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 46(4):751\u2013775","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949799","volume":"21","author":"JS Riley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riley JS, Tait SW (2020) Mitochondrial DNA in inflammation and immunity. EMBO Rep 21(4):e49799","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"4784_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riley JAO et al Mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilisation enables mtDNA release during apoptosis. LID - https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.201899238","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201899238"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.09.023","volume":"21","author":"JA Ross","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ross JA et al (2015) An exploratory analysis of mitochondrial haplotypes and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21(1):81\u201388","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011476","volume":"20","author":"TS Salminen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salminen TS et al (2024) A naturally occurring mitochondrial genome variant confers broad protection from infection in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 20(11):e1011476","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"4784_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003810","volume":"47","author":"DC Samuels","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samuels DC et al (2019) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and delirium during sepsis. Crit Care Med 47(8):1065\u20131071","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.009","volume":"36","author":"K Shimada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shimada K et al (2012) Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis. Immunity 36(3):401\u2013414","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4784_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1228275","volume":"13","author":"S Shoraka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shoraka S et al (2023a) Host mitochondria: more than an organelle in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1228275","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4784_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256042","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1256042","volume":"14","author":"S Shoraka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shoraka S et al (2023b) Comparison of plasma mitochondrial DNA copy number in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Front Microbiol 14:1256042","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4784_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silwal P et al (2020) Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: double-edged weapon in host defense and pathological inflammation during infection. (1664\u20133224 (Electronic))","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01649"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR140","first-page":"438","volume":"221","author":"Y Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song Y et al (2020) Mitochondrial transcription factor A regulates Mycobacterium bovis\u2013induced IFN-\u03b2 production by modulating mitochondrial DNA replication in macrophages. J Infect Dis 221(3):438\u2013448","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.014","volume":"83","author":"Y Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song Y et al (2021) Apoptotic caspases suppress Mycobacterium bovis-induced IFN-\u03b2 production in murine macrophage. J Infect 83(1):61\u201368","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"17","key":"4784_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179511","volume":"23","author":"FGd Souza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Souza FGd, Cavalcante GC (2022) Mitochondria in Mycobacterium infection: from the immune system to mitochondrial haplogroups. Int J Mol Sci 23(17):9511","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063147","volume":"8","author":"JA Strickertsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strickertsson JA et al (2013) Enterococcus faecalis infection causes inflammation, intracellular oxphos-independent ROS production, and DNA damage in human gastric cancer cells. PLoS ONE 8(4):e63147","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4784_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strickertsson JA, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ (2017) Bacterial infection increases risk of carcinogenesis by targeting mitochondria. Semin Cancer Biol Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.07.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318276f4ca","volume":"39","author":"T Sursal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sursal T et al (2013) Plasma bacterial and mitochondrial DNA distinguish bacterial sepsis from sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome and quantify inflammatory tissue injury in nonhuman primates. Shock 39(1):55\u201362","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"4784_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sursal T et al (2013) Plasma bacterial and mitochondrial DNA distinguish bacterial sepsis from sterile SIRS and quantify inflammatory tissue injury in nonhuman primates. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 39(1):55","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318276f4ca"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36629-3","volume":"14","author":"J S\u00e1-Pessoa","year":"2023","unstructured":"S\u00e1-Pessoa J et al (2023) A trans-kingdom T6SS effector induces the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and activates innate immune receptor NLRX1 to promote infection. Nat Commun 14(1):871","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4784_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.11.006","volume":"68","author":"A Ta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ta A, Vanaja SK (2021) Inflammasome activation and evasion by bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 68:125\u2013133","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talhar SS et al (2019) Oxidative stress and its impact on mitochondrial DNA in pulmonary tuberculosis patients-a pilot study. Indian J Tubercul 66(2): 227\u2013233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2019.03.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"4784_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502203","volume":"196","author":"HY Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan HY et al (2016) Aberrant inflammasome activation characterizes tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. J Immunol 196(10):4052\u20134063","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4784_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304939","volume":"19","author":"J Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan J, Dong X, Liu H (2024) Mitochondrial DNA is a sensitive surrogate and oxidative stress target in oral cancer cells. PLoS ONE 19(9):e0304939","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4784_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao G et al (2024) Advances in crosstalk among innate immune pathways activated by mitochondrial DNA. Heliyon 10(1)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24029"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2020.01.006","volume":"30","author":"V Tiku","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tiku V, Tan M-W, Dikic I (2020) Mitochondrial functions in infection and immunity. Trends Cell Biol 30(4):263\u2013275","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"4784_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244113","volume":"11","author":"S Tiwari-Heckler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tiwari-Heckler S, Robson SC, Longhi MS (2022) Mitochondria drive immune responses in critical disease. Cells 11(24):4113","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4784_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2021.04.002","volume":"59","author":"C Trumpff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trumpff C et al (2021) Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: a systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations. Mitochondrion 59:225\u2013245","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"R1","key":"4784_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddae031","volume":"33","author":"JJ VanPortfliet","year":"2024","unstructured":"VanPortfliet JJ et al (2024) Mitochondrial DNA release and sensing in innate immune responses. Hum Mol Genet 33(R1):R80\u2013R91","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00833-9","volume":"8","author":"J Vincent","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vincent J et al (2017) Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice. Nat Commun 8(1):750","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"4784_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20586","volume":"51","author":"DC Wallace","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wallace DC (2010) Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging. Environ Mol Mutagen 51(5):440\u2013450","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.08.067","volume":"163","author":"DC Wallace","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wallace DC (2015) Mitochondrial DNA variation in human radiation and disease. Cell 163(1):33\u201338","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038848","volume":"7","author":"D Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang D et al (2012) Mitochondrial DNA copy number, but not haplogroup, confers a genetic susceptibility to leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China. PLoS ONE 7(6):e38848","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13482","volume":"166","author":"B Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang B et al (2022) cGAS modulates cytokine secretion and bacterial burdens by altering the release of mitochondrial DNA in pseudomonas pulmonary infection. Immunology 166(3):408\u2013423","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.002","volume":"42","author":"SE Weinberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weinberg SE, Sena LA, Chandel NS (2015) Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 42(3):406\u2013417","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4784_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51071","volume":"9","author":"CG Weindel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weindel CG et al (2020) LRRK2 maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and regulates innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Elife 9:e51071","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.21","volume":"17","author":"AP West","year":"2017","unstructured":"West AP, Shadel GS (2017) Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology. Nat Rev Immunol 17(6):363\u2013375","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2975","volume":"11","author":"AP West","year":"2011","unstructured":"West AP, Shadel GS, Ghosh S (2011) Mitochondria in innate immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 11(6):389\u2013402","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4784_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005809","volume":"12","author":"KE Wiens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiens KE, Ernst JD (2016) The mechanism for type I interferon induction by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is bacterial strain-dependent. PLoS Pathog 12(8):e1005809","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"45","key":"4784_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27425","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.667063","volume":"290","author":"J-H Won","year":"2015","unstructured":"Won J-H et al (2015) Rotenone-induced impairment of mitochondrial electron transport chain confers a selective priming signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Biol Chem 290(45):27425\u201327437","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"4784_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4816","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.10.26","volume":"11","author":"G Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu G et al (2019a) Extracellular mitochondrial DNA promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induce acute lung injury through TLR9 and NF-\u03baB. J Thorac Dis 11(11):4816","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13108","volume":"158","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q et al (2019b) Bacterial type I CRISPR-Cas systems influence inflammasome activation in mammalian host by promoting autophagy. Immunology 158(3):240\u2013251","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03438-y","volume":"26","author":"Y-l Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y-l et al (2024) Correlation between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA content and severity of knee degeneration in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther 26(1):202","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"4784_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.05.004","volume":"54","author":"H Xian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xian H et al (2021) Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation. Immunity 54(7):1463-1477. e11","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4784_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xian H et al (2022) Oxidized DNA fragments exit mitochondria via mPTP-and VDAC-dependent channels to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and interferon signaling. Immunity 55(8):1370\u20131385. e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.06.007"},{"key":"4784_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.07.028","volume":"89","author":"L Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie L et al (2017) Exogenous administration of mitochondrial DNA promotes ischemia reperfusion injury via TLR9-p38 MAPK pathway. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 89:148\u2013154","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36222","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36222","volume":"6","author":"G Xin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xin G et al (2016) Metformin uniquely prevents thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation and mtDNA release. Sci Rep 6(1):36222","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1034","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00431.2020","volume":"320","author":"L Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu L et al (2021) Mitochondrial DNA enables AIM2 inflammasome activation and hepatocyte pyroptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 320(6):G1034\u2013G1044","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03632","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03632-21","volume":"13","author":"L Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu L et al (2022) Salmonella induces the cGAS-STING-dependent type I interferon response in murine macrophages by triggering mtDNA release. Mbio 13(3):e03632-e3721","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"issue":"6","key":"4784_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.05.006","volume":"28","author":"S Yamanouchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamanouchi S et al (2013) Plasma mitochondrial DNA levels in patients with trauma and severe sepsis: time course and the association with clinical status. J Crit Care 28(6):1027\u20131031","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1239-z","volume":"18","author":"HP Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan HP et al (2018) Use of plasma mitochondrial DNA levels for determining disease severity and prognosis in pediatric sepsis: a case control study. BMC Pediatr 18(1):267","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4784_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e318163c343","volume":"10","author":"Y Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2008) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup R predicts survival advantage in severe sepsis in the Han population. Genet Med 10(3):187\u2013192","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"4784_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110292","volume":"299","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H et al (2024) Chlamydia psittaci infection induces IFN-I and IL-1\u03b2 through the cGAS-STING-IRF3\/NLRP3 pathway via mitochondrial oxidative stress in human macrophages. Vet Microbiol 299:110292","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408292","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202408292","volume":"12","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2025) OMP38 of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii-mediated mtDNA release activates the cGAS-STING signaling to induce inflammatory response. Adv Sci 12(4):2408292","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"588","key":"4784_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaw3159","volume":"12","author":"T Yardeni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yardeni T et al (2019) Host mitochondria influence gut microbiome diversity: a role for ROS. Sci Signal 12(588):eaaw3159","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"7285","key":"4784_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","volume":"464","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Q et al (2010) Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature 464(7285):104\u2013107","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4784_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01707-x","volume":"22","author":"WZ Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang WZ et al (2021) Association of plasma mitochondrial DNA with COPD severity and progression in the SPIROMICS cohort. Respir Res 22:1\u201311","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4784_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202100474","volume":"23","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C et al (2022) Progress on the physiological function of mitochondrial DNA and its specific detection and therapy. ChemBioChem 23(4):e202100474","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14465","volume":"26","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J et al (2023) Risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial D-loop mediate imbalance of cytokines and redox in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 26(1):124\u2013131","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4784_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang YF et al (2025) Endothelial cell-released mitochondrial DNA promotes B cell differentiation and virus replication during severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. J Virol e01323\u201324","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01323-24"},{"key":"4784_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.847521","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Y et al (2022) Mitochondrial displacement loop region SNPs Modify Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome development by regulating cytokines expression in female patients. Front Genet 13:847521","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"25","key":"4784_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6890","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC01737K","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y et al (2023) Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by a mitochondrial DNA-targeted emissive rhodium (iii) metallointercalator. Chem Sci 14(25):6890\u20136903","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4784_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.10.008","volume":"40","author":"F Zhong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhong F, Liang S, Zhong Z (2019) Emerging role of mitochondrial DNA as a major driver of inflammation and disease progression. Trends Immunol 40(12):1120\u20131133","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"4784_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101928","author":"C-M Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou C-M et al (2021) Identification of cGAS as an innate immune sensor of extracellular bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. iScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101928","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"23","key":"4784_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002485","volume":"135","author":"G Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou G et al (2022) Circulating mitochondrial DNA levels are associated with early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Chin Med J 135(23):2883\u20132885","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289338","volume":"19","author":"M Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou M et al (2024) Association between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA and inflammation factors in noninfectious diseases: a systematic review. PLoS One 19(1):e0289338","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"4784_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04129","volume":"24","author":"J Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu J et al (2023) In situ raman spectroscopy reveals cytochrome c redox-controlled modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that triggers apoptosis. Nano Lett 24(1):370\u2013377","journal-title":"Nano Lett"}],"container-title":["Archives of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1777276966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04784-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-8933","1432-072X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-8933","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-072X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics, consent to participate, and consent to publish declarations"}}],"article-number":"220"}}