{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T08:57:34Z","timestamp":1785574654052,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2026-457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:48:17Z","timestamp":1778654897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring ethyl methane sulphonate induced, L-cysteine HCl resistant Bacillus subtilis putative mutant and its immobilization for enhanced acetoin synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sikander","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeera","family":"Shahzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Mustaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahwish","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakar Bin Khatab","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef A.","family":"Bin Jardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-020-00301-3","volume":"44","author":"MAA Abdella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdella MAA, El-Sherbiny GM, El-Shamy AR, Atalla SMM, Ahmed SA (2020) Statistical optimization of chemical modification of chitosan-magnetic nano-particles beads to promote Bacillus subtilis MK1 \u03b1-amylase immobilization and its application. Bull Natl Res Cent 44(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-020-00301-3","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/JAMB\/2017\/30911","volume":"3","author":"BS Adeleke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adeleke BS, Ojo SO, Oluwafemi YD, Olaniyi OO (2017) Chemical mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis for improved mannanase biosynthesis. J Adv Microbiol 3(2):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/JAMB\/2017\/30911","journal-title":"J Adv Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4954_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.05.029","volume":"26","author":"FA Al-Dhabaan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Dhabaan FA (2019) Morphological, biochemical and molecular identification of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation bacteria isolated from oil polluted soil in Dhahran, Saud Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 26(6):1247\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.05.029","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"4954_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-018-0221-1","volume":"10","author":"I Almuharef","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almuharef I, Rahman MS, Qin W (2019) Enzymatic conversion of glycerol to 2,3-Butanediol and acetoin by Serratia proteamaculans SRWQ1. Waste Biomass Valoriz 10(7):1833\u20131844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12649-018-0221-1","journal-title":"Waste Biomass Valoriz"},{"key":"4954_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amini M (2014) Ethyl Methanesulfonate. In: Wexler P (Eds)\u00a0Encyclopedia of toxicology, 3rd Edition,\u00a0pp. 522\u2013524. Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-386454-3.01124-6","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386454-3.01124-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.019","volume":"165","author":"S Andr\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9 S, Zuber F, Remize F (2013) Thermophilic spore-forming bacteria isolated from spoiled canned food and their heat resistance. Results of a French ten-year survey. Int J Food Microbiol 165(2):134\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.019","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4954_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-011-0630-z","volume":"35","author":"D Andriani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andriani D, Sunwoo C, Ryu HW, Prasetya B, Park DH (2012) Immobilization of cellulase from newly isolated strain Bacillus subtilis TD6 using calcium alginate as a support material. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 35(1\u20132):29\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-011-0630-z","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"4954_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.08.023","volume":"99","author":"GS Anisha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anisha GS, Prema P (2008) Cell immobilization technique for the enhanced production of \u03b1-galactosidase by Streptomyces griseoloalbus. Bioresource Technol 99(9):3325\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.08.023","journal-title":"Bioresource Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4954_CR9","first-page":"1281","volume":"7","author":"A Anwar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anwar A, Ul Qader SA, Raiz A, Iqbal S, Azhar A (2009) Calcium alginate\u202f: a support material for immobilization of proteases from newly isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis KIBGE-HAS. World Appl Sci J 7(10):1281\u20131286","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR10","first-page":"323","volume":"37","author":"AAN Narasimhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Narasimhan AAN, Suresh SSS, Bist DDB, Shivakumar SSS (2013) Enhancement of mycolytic activity of an antagonistic Bacillus subtilis through ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Turk J Biol 37(3):323\u2013328","journal-title":"Turk J Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27667","volume":"6","author":"S-J Bae","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bae S-J, Kim S, Hahn J-S (2016) Efficient production of acetoin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disruption of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and expression of NADH oxidase. Sci Rep 6(1):27667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep27667","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-015-1598-5","volume":"42","author":"F Bai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bai F, Dai L, Fan J, Truong N, Rao B, Zhang L, Shen Y (2015) Engineered Serratia marcescens for efficient (3R)-acetoin and (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 42(5):779\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10295-015-1598-5","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"20","key":"4954_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15204163","volume":"15","author":"C Bennacef","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bennacef C, Desobry S, Jasniewski J, Leclerc S, Probst L, Desobry-Banon S (2023) Influence of alginate properties and calcium chloride concentration on alginate bead reticulation and size: a phenomenological approach. Polymers Basel 15(20):4163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15204163","journal-title":"Polymers Basel"},{"issue":"15","key":"4954_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.186.15.4875-4884.2004","volume":"186","author":"P Burgui\u00e8re","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burgui\u00e8re P, Auger S, Hullo M-F, Danchin A, Martin-Verstraete I (2004) Three different systems participate in l-Cystine uptake in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 186(15):4875\u20134884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.186.15.4875-4884.2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4954_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16060788","volume":"16","author":"YA Bustos-Terrones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bustos-Terrones YA (2024) A review of the strategic use of sodium alginate polymer in the immobilization of microorganisms for water recycling. Polymers 16(6):788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym16060788","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020486","volume":"29","author":"DA Caballero Cerbon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caballero Cerbon DA, Gebhard L, Dokuyucu R, Ertl T, H\u00e4rtl S, Mazhar A, Weuster-Botz D (2024) Challenges and advances in the bioproduction of L-Cysteine. Molecules (2):486","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"24","key":"4954_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01079","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01079-21","volume":"87","author":"B Cesselin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cesselin B, Henry C, Gruss A, Gloux K, Gaudu P (2021) Mechanisms of acetoin toxicity and adaptive responses in an acetoin-producing species, Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 87(24):e01079\u2013e01021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01079-21","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2010.12.002","volume":"9","author":"ES Chan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chan ES, Lim TK, Voo WP, Pogaku R, Tey BT, Zhang Z (2011) Effect of formulation of alginate beads on their mechanical behavior and stiffness. Particuology 9(3):228\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.partic.2010.12.002","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2013.09.020","volume":"168","author":"T Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen T, Liu W-x, Fu J, Zhang B, Tang Y-j (2013) Engineering Bacillus subtilis for acetoin production from glucose and xylose mixtures. J Biotechnol 168(4):499\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2013.09.020","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-022-2018-y","volume":"60","author":"Y Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi Y, Kim Y-H (2022) Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13. J Microbiol 60(4):411\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12275-022-2018-y","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"4954_CR21","unstructured":"Cochran GW S. a. W. G. (1980). Statistical Methods. Iowa State University"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2021.1995319","volume":"42","author":"Z Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui Z, Wang Z, Zheng M, Chen T (2022) Advances in biological production of acetoin: a comprehensive overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 42(8):1135\u20131156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07388551.2021.1995319","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.52","volume":"25","author":"BD Curwin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Curwin BD, Deddens JA, McKernan LT (2015) Flavoring exposure in food manufacturing. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 25(3):324\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2014.52","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"4954_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deliorman M, Wolfenden ML, Suo Z, Beech IB, Yang X, Avci R (2014) Immobilization and trapping of living bacteria and applications in corrosion studies. In Understanding Biocorrosion: Fundamentals and Applications, 145\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1533\/9781782421252.1.145","DOI":"10.1533\/9781782421252.1.145"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.15671\/hjbc.697070","volume":"48","author":"E Demirkan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demirkan E, \u00d6zdemir K (2020) Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation for hyper protease production by Bacillus subtilis E6-5 and optimization of culture conditions. Hacettepe J Biol Chem 48(4):355\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15671\/hjbc.697070","journal-title":"Hacettepe J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4954_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5505\/tjb.2014.26817","volume":"39","author":"E Demirkan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demirkan E, Bayg\u0131n E, Usta A (2014) Screening of phytate hydrolysis Bacillus sp. isolated from soil and optimization of the certain nutritional and physical parameters on the production of phytase. Turk J Biochem 39:206\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/tjb.2014.26817","journal-title":"Turk J Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR27","first-page":"2250","volume":"5","author":"A Dey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dey A, Maiti TK, Roy P (2015) Improvement of the enzymatic performance of lipase from Pseudomonas sp. ADT3 via entrapment in alginate hydrogel beads. Int J Sci Res Publications 5(1):2250\u20133153","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publications"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.44.3.747-750.1982","volume":"44","author":"R Dhawale Motiram","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dhawale Motiram R, Wilson JJ, Khachatourians George G, Ingledew WM (1982) Improved method for detection of starch hydrolysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 44(3):747\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.44.3.747-750.1982","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010203","volume":"11","author":"M Diao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diao M, Chen X, Li J, Shi Y, Yu B, Ma Z, Li J, Xie N (2023) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of (R)-acetoin from low-cost raw materials. Microorganisms 11(1):203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11010203","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/10826060701386679","volume":"37","author":"F Ertan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ertan F, Yagar H, Balkan B (2007) Optimization of \u03b1-amylase immobilization in calcium alginate beads. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 37(3):195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826060701386679","journal-title":"Prep Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-017-0745-9","volume":"10","author":"AH F\u00f6rster","year":"2017","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster AH, Beblawy S, Golitsch F, Gescher J (2017) Electrode-assisted acetoin production in a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain. Biotechnol Biofuels 10(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13068-017-0745-9","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"issue":"23","key":"4954_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-004-5134-3","volume":"26","author":"I Garbayo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garbayo I, V\u00edlchez C, Vega JM, Nava-Saucedo JE, Barbotin JN (2004) Influence of immobilization parameters on growth and lactic acid production by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus co-immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads. Biotechnol Lett 26(23):1825\u20131827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-004-5134-3","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020150","volume":"10","author":"ML Gatto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gatto ML, Mengucci P, Munteanu D, Nasini R, Tognoli E, Denti L, Gatto A (2023) Beads for cell immobilization: comparison of alternative additive manufacturing techniques. Bioengineering 10(2):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10020150","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"4954_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-011-0535-x","volume":"34","author":"M Gokg\u00f6z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gokg\u00f6z M, Yigitoglu M (2011) Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on to modified carboxymethylcellulose for production of ethanol. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 34(7):849\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-011-0535-x","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"4954_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00312","volume":"9","author":"Z-W Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Z-W, Ou X-Y, Liang S, Gao H-F, Zhang L-Y, Zong M-H, Lou W-Y (2020) Recruiting a phosphite dehydrogenase\/formamidase-driven antimicrobial contamination system in Bacillus subtilis for nonsterilized fermentation of acetoin. ACS Synth Biol 9(9):2537\u20132545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00312","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"key":"4954_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131266","volume":"284","author":"J Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo J, Chen C, Chen W, Jiang J, Chen B, Zheng F (2021) Effective immobilization of Bacillus subtilis in chitosan-sodium alginate composite carrier for ammonia removal from anaerobically digested swine wastewater. Chemosphere 284:131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131266","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"4954_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105574","volume":"63","author":"H He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He H, Xu Y, Li S, Deng X, Shi G, Li Y (2025) Time-controlled dual-stage strategy for bioproduction of high-purity (R-R) 2,3-butanediol and acetoin in Bacillus licheniformis. Food Bioscience 63:105574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105574","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8458","DOI":"10.4081\/mr.2020.8458","volume":"11","author":"A Herizi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herizi A, Souilah R, Djabali D, Nadjemi B (2020) Optimization and immobilization of alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis in calcium alginate and calcium alginate \u2013 cellulosic residue beads. Microbiol Res 11(1):8458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/mr.2020.8458","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4954_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2116\/bunsekikagaku.39.7_405","volume":"39","author":"KF Hiroaki Matsuura","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hiroaki Matsuura KF, Minagawa N, Sawa J (1990) Determination of acetoin, diacetyl, and acetaldehyde in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography. \u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b66 39(7):405\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2116\/bunsekikagaku.39.7_405","journal-title":"\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b66"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.11648\/j.wjfst.20200404.12","volume":"4","author":"X Hui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hui X, Ying C, Yanjun T, Shanshan W, Kunfu Z, Siduo Z, Yanhong H, Qiangzhi H, Yanlei H, Liping L, Wenjing L, Lei Z, Guozheng J, Jianjun L (2020) A Summary of Producing Acetoin by Biological Method. World J Food Sci Technol 4(4):90\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.wjfst.20200404.12","journal-title":"World J Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2022.1103.010","volume":"11","author":"YT Hui Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hui Xu YT, Zhu K, Wang S, Zhu L, He Q, Li W, Liu J (2022) A New Quantitative Determination Method of Acetoin. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 11(3):80\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20546\/ijcmas.2022.1103.010","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.189330","volume":"11","author":"K Javidnia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javidnia K, Faghih-Mirzaei E, Miri R, Attarroshan M, Zomorodian K (2016) Biotransformation of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol: Assessment of plant and microbial biocatalysts. Res Pharm Sci 11(4):349\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-5362.189330","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.31.5.668-679.1976","volume":"31","author":"P Jurtshuk","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jurtshuk P, McQuitty DN (1976) Use of a quantitative oxidase test for characterizing oxidative metabolism in bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 31(5):668\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.31.5.668-679.1976","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"4954_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-024-02521-y","volume":"23","author":"EA Karam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karam EA, Mohamed E, Hassan NA, Elattal AL, Esawy KM. A (2024) Cell immobilization for enhanced milk clotting enzyme production from Bacillus amyloliquefacien and cheese quality. Microb Cell Fact 23:283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-024-02521-y","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/reactions5040034","volume":"5","author":"D Karayannis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karayannis D, Moraiti E, Kalantzi O, Papanikolaou S (2024) Investigation of Acetoin Biosynthesis by Bacillus subtilis ACA-DC 1176 Growing on Crude Glycerol in Flask and Bioreactor Trials. Reactions 5(4):664\u2013679. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2624-781X\/5\/4\/34","journal-title":"Reactions"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crcon.2024.100242","volume":"8","author":"D Karayannis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karayannis D, Angelou N, Vasilakis G, Charisteidis I, Litinas A, Papanikolaou S (2025) A non-aseptic bioprocess for production and recovery of 2,3-butanediol via conversion of crude glycerol and corn steep liquor at pilot-scale. Carbon Resour Convers 8(1):100242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crcon.2024.100242","journal-title":"Carbon Resour Convers"},{"key":"4954_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biteb.2025.102477","volume":"33","author":"D Karayannis","year":"2026","unstructured":"Karayannis D, Limnaiou NV, Rondags E, Chevalot I, Papanikolaou S (2026) Adaptive laboratory evolution of Klebsiella oxytoca: enhanced 2,3-butanediol synthesis from glycerol fermentation. Bioresour Technol Rep 33:102477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biteb.2025.102477","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.12.002","volume":"39","author":"Z Konsoula","year":"2006","unstructured":"Konsoula Z, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M (2006) Thermostable \u03b1-amylase production by Bacillus subtilis entrapped in calcium alginate gel capsules. Enzyme Microb Technol 39(4):690\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.12.002","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb Technol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4954_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-010-0435-0","volume":"4","author":"MR Kosseva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kosseva MR (2011) Immobilization of microbial cells in food fermentation processes. Food Bioprocess Technol 4(6):1089\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11947-010-0435-0","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"key":"4954_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krieg N, Staley J, Brown D, Hedlund B, Paster B, Ward N, Ludwig W, Whitman W (2010) Bergey\u2019s Manual\u00ae of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume Four The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-68572-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68572-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063188","volume":"8","author":"E Krieg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krieg E, Albeck S, Weissman H, Shimoni E, Rybtchinski B (2013) Separation, immobilization, and biocatalytic utilization of proteins by a supramolecular membrane. PLoS One 8(5):e63188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0063188","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1042\/ba20100252","volume":"57","author":"V Kumaravel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumaravel V, Gopal SR (2010) Immobilization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBL27 cells for enhanced antimicrobial protein production using calcium alginate beads. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 57(3):97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/ba20100252","journal-title":"Biotechnol Appl Biochem"},{"key":"4954_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15199\/62.2020.6.14","author":"S Kwiatkowska-Marks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwiatkowska-Marks S (2020) The effect of temperature and concentration of calcium alginate in the beads on the sorption of copper. Przem Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15199\/62.2020.6.14","journal-title":"Przem Chem"},{"key":"4954_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/OMCIJ.2018.05.555664","volume":"5","author":"A Latif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Latif A (2018) Ethyl Methane Sulfonate chemical mutagenesis of Ba- cillus subtilis for enhanced production of protease. Org Med Chem Int J 5:555664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/OMCIJ.2018.05.555664","journal-title":"Org Med Chem Int J"},{"issue":"24","key":"4954_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3963\/j.issn.1671-4431.2010.24.011","volume":"32","author":"X Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li X, Chen LR (2010) Research on the preparation method for alginate-chitosan microcapsules. Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao\/Journal Wuhan Univ Technol 32(24):1671\u20134431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3963\/j.issn.1671-4431.2010.24.011","journal-title":"Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao\/Journal Wuhan Univ Technol"},{"key":"4954_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.10.012","volume":"178","author":"X Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li X, Li Y, Ye Z (2011) Preparation of macroporous bead adsorbents based on poly(vinyl alcohol)\/chitosan and their adsorption properties for heavy metals from aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 178:60\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2011.10.012","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-6-123","volume":"6","author":"L Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li L, Zhang L, Li K, Wang Y, Gao C, Han B, Ma C, Xu P (2013) A newly isolated Bacillus licheniformisstrain thermophilically produces 2,3-butanediol, a platform and fuel bio-chemical. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1754-6834-6-123","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"issue":"12","key":"4954_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15124242","volume":"15","author":"X-Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X-Y, Huang J-Y, Zhou Q, Xu Y-Y, Prabhu P, Zhang Y-W (2022) Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Acetaldehyde Lyase, and NADH Oxidase for cascade enzymatic conversion of ethanol to acetoin. Energies 15(12):4242","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-023-01532-z","volume":"13","author":"T Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Liu P, Guo G, Liu Z, Zhong L, Guo L, Chen C, Hao N, Ouyang P (2023a) Production of acetoin and its derivative tetramethylpyrazine from okara hydrolysate with Bacillus subtilis. AMB Express 13(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-023-01532-z","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-023-02163-6","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao X, Yao M, Yang W, Han Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Liu J (2023b) Mechanism of microbial production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol optical isomers and substrate specificity of butanediol dehydrogenase. Microb Cell Fact 22(1):165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-023-02163-6","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2010.07.024","volume":"46","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang S, Yong Y-C, Ji Z, Ma X, Xu Z, Chen S (2011) Efficient production of acetoin by the newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain MEL09. Process Biochem 46(1):390\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2010.07.024","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb01106.x","volume":"46","author":"V Ljutov","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ljutov V (1959) TECHNIQUE OF INDOLE TEST. Acta Pathologica Microbiol Scand 46(4):349\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb01106.x","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"4954_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125646","volume":"246","author":"MM Lopes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopes MM, de Oliveira-Paiva CA, Farinas CS (2023) Modification of pectin\/starch-based beads with additives to improve Bacillus subtilis encapsulation for agricultural applications. Int J Biol Macromol 246:125646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125646","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(97)00071-7","volume":"30","author":"A Lopez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lopez A, Lazaro N, Marqu\u00e9s AM (1997) The interphase technique: A simple method of cell immobilization in gel-beads. J Microbiol Methods 30(3):231\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-7012(97)00071-7","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"19","key":"4954_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5860","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01331-16","volume":"82","author":"Z-M Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu Z-M, Liu N, Wang L-J, Wu L-H, Gong J-S, Yu Y-J, Li G-Q, Shi J-S, Xu Z-H (2016) Elucidating and Regulating the Acetoin Production Role of Microbial Functional Groups in Multispecies Acetic Acid Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 82(19):5860\u20135868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01331-16","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01363-8","volume":"19","author":"L Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu L, Mao Y, Kou M, Cui Z, Jin B, Chang Z, Wang Z, Ma H, Chen T (2020) Engineering central pathways for industrial-level (3R)-acetoin biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 19(1):102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-020-01363-8","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.05.005","volume":"49","author":"Q Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo Q, Wu J, Wu M (2014) Enhanced acetoin production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens through improved acetoin tolerance. Process Biochem 49(8):1223\u20131230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.05.005","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031418","volume":"28","author":"Q Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo Q, Ding N, Liu Y, Zhang H, Fang Y, Yin L (2023) Metabolic engineering of microorganisms to produce pyruvate and derived compounds. Molecules 28(3):1418","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1732-7","volume":"82","author":"C Ma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ma C, Wang A, Qin J, Li L, Ai X, Jiang T, Tang H, Xu P (2009) Enhanced 2,3-butanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae SDM. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-008-1732-7","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"4954_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107783","volume":"54","author":"S Maina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maina S, Prabhu AA, Vivek N, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kumar V (2022) Prospects on bio-based 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production: recent progress and advances. Biotechnol Adv 54:107783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107783","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022974","volume":"6","author":"M Marquez-Villavicencio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marquez-Villavicencio M, Weber B, Witherell RA, Willis DK, Charkowski AO (2011) The 3-hydroxy-2-butanone pathway is required for Pectobacterium carotovorum pathogenesis. PLoS One 6(8):e22974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022974","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.77.1.60-64.1959","volume":"77","author":"J McDade Joseph","year":"1959","unstructured":"McDade Joseph J, Weaver RH (1959) Rapid methods for the detection of gelatin hydrolysis. J Bacteriol 77(1):60\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.77.1.60-64.1959","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.01.008","volume":"40","author":"W Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng W, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C (2022) Biotechnological production of chiral acetoin. Trends Biotechnol 40(8):958\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.01.008","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9080620","volume":"9","author":"M Milivojevic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milivojevic M, Popovic A, Pajic-Lijakovic I, Sostaric I, Kolasinac S, Stevanovic ZD (2023) Alginate gel-based carriers for encapsulation of carotenoids: on challenges and applications. Gels 9(8):620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9080620","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60147a030","volume":"31","author":"GL Miller","year":"1959","unstructured":"Miller GL (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31(3):426\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac60147a030","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"25","key":"4954_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666191018111424","volume":"19","author":"X Neng-Zhong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neng-Zhong X, Jian-Xiu L, Ri-Bo H (2019) Biological production of (S)-acetoin: a state-of-the-art review. Curr Top Med Chem 19(25):2348\u20132356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026619666191018111424","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"4954_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-007-9598-x","volume":"24","author":"KN Niladevi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Niladevi KN, Prema P (2008) Immobilization of laccase from Streptomyces psammoticus and its application in phenol removal using packed bed reactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24(7):1215\u20131222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-007-9598-x","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.5.572-a","volume":"34","author":"FC Odds","year":"1981","unstructured":"Odds FC (1981) Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. Journal of Clinical Pathology 34(5):572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.34.5.572-a","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/812\/1\/012066","volume":"812","author":"A Oktari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oktari A, Supriatin Y, Kamal M, Syafrullah H (2017) The bacterial endospore stain on Schaeffer Fulton using variation of Methylene Blue solution. J Phys Conf Ser 812(1):012066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/812\/1\/012066","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"4954_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012022","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1338\/1\/012022","volume":"1338","author":"D Pantaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pantaya D, Alfriani C, Asrianto N, Subagja H (2024) Effectiveness mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis using EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) to increase xylanase enzyme activity. IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci 1338:012022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1755-1315\/1338\/1\/012022","journal-title":"IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation7040307","volume":"7","author":"K Petrov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrov K, Petrova P (2021) Current advances in microbial production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus spp. Fermentation 7(4):307","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00623-19","volume":"10","author":"T Pisithkul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pisithkul T, Schroeder JW, Trujillo EA, Yeesin P, Stevenson DM, Chaiamarit T, Coon JJ, Wang JD, Amador-Noguez D (2019) Metabolic remodeling during biofilm development of Bacillus subtilis. mBio 10(3):e00623-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00623-19","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00146-6","volume":"30","author":"N Rangsayatorn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rangsayatorn N, Pokethitiyook P, Upatham ES, Lanza GR (2004) Cadmium biosorption by cells of Spirulina platensis TISTR 8217 immobilized in alginate and silica gel. Environment International 30(1):57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00146-6","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR84","first-page":"2883","volume":"3","author":"A Riaz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riaz A, Ul Qader SA, Anwar A, Iqbal S (2009) Immobilization of a thermostable A-amylase on calcium alginate beads from Bacillus subtilis KIBGE-HAR. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(3):2883\u20132887","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"19","key":"4954_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196281","volume":"27","author":"S Sadiqi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadiqi S, Hamza M, Ali F, Alam S, Shakeela Q, Ahmed S, Ayaz A, Ali S, Saqib S, Ullah F, Zaman W (2022) Molecular characterization of bacterial isolates from soil samples and evaluation of their antibacterial potential against MDRS. Molecules 27(19):6281","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4954_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini M, Anu, Rapoport A, Tiwari SK, Singh D, Malik V, Kumar S, Singh B (2023) Bioacetoin Production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Using Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Fermentation, 9(8), 698. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-5637\/9\/8\/698","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9080698"},{"key":"4954_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Senthilkumar M, Amaresan N, Sankaranarayanan A (2021) Selective Isolation of Spore Forming Bacillus. In Plant-Microbe Interactions: Laboratory Techniques. Springer US 221\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-1080-0_64","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1080-0_64"},{"key":"4954_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103619","volume":"108","author":"J Seong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seong J, Newcombe RG, Foskett HL, Davies M, West NX (2021) A randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy of an aluminium lactate\/potassium nitrate\/hydroxylapatite toothpaste with a control toothpaste for the prevention of dentine hypersensitivity. Journal of Dentistry 108:103619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103619","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.5.1958-1962.1998","volume":"64","author":"B Setlow","year":"1998","unstructured":"Setlow B, Tautvydas Kes J, Setlow P (1998) Small, acid-soluble spore proteins of the \u03b1\/\u03b2 type do not protect the DNA in Bacillus subtilis spores against base alkylation. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(5):1958\u20131962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.64.5.1958-1962.1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"38","key":"4954_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.37273\/chesci.cs205201274","volume":"10","author":"N Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma N, Mallick S, Sheikh Z, Raina S, Chalotra R (2022) Mutagenesis of Bacillus spp. using Ethyl Methane-sulfonate (EMS) for improvement of amylase activity. Chem Sci Rev Lett 10(38):227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37273\/chesci.cs205201274","journal-title":"Chem Sci Rev Lett"},{"key":"4954_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sheng L, Madika A, Lau MSH, Zhang Y, Minton NP (2023) Metabolic engineering for the production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol at elevated temperature in Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 [Original Research]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 11\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1191079","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1191079"},{"issue":"11","key":"4954_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.201200186","volume":"77","author":"YH Shih","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shih YH, Lo SH, Yang NS, Singco B, Cheng YJ, Wu CY, Chang IH, Huang HY, Lin CH (2012) Trypsin-immobilized metal-organic framework as a biocatalyst in proteomics analysis. ChemPlusChem 77(11):982\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cplu.201200186","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-019-02249-4","volume":"47","author":"CW Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song CW, Chelladurai R, Park JM, Song H (2020) Engineering a newly isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain for the production of (2R,3R)-butanediol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 47(1):97\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10295-019-02249-4","journal-title":"J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-9592(02)00182-6","volume":"38","author":"B Srinivasulu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Srinivasulu B, Prakasham RS, Jetty A, Srinivas S, Ellaiah P, Ramakrishna SV (2002) Neomycin production with free and immobilized cells of Streptomyces marinensis in an airlift reactor. Process Biochem 38(4):593\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0032-9592(02)00182-6","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5351","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-05298-7","volume":"15","author":"AE Taiwo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taiwo AE, Madzimbamuto TN, Ojumu TV (2025) Recovery of acetoin from Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth by supercritical CO2 extraction. Biomass Convers Biorefinery 15(4):5351\u20135359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13399-024-05298-7","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefinery"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR96","first-page":"01","volume":"4","author":"S Talekar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Talekar S, Chavare S (2012) Optimization of immobilization of \u03b1-amylase in alginate gel and its comparative biochemical studies with free \u03b1-amylase. Recent Res Sci Technol 4(2):01\u201305","journal-title":"Recent Res Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/am.24.1.58-61.1972","volume":"24","author":"I Taylor Welton","year":"1972","unstructured":"Taylor Welton I, Achanzar D (1972) Catalase test as an aid to the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Appl Microbiol 24(1):58\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/am.24.1.58-61.1972","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4954_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2015.11.005","volume":"19","author":"Y Tian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tian Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Chen W (2016) Effect of nitrogen, carbon sources and agitation speed on acetoin production of Bacillus subtilis SF4-3. Electron J Biotechnol 19:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejbt.2015.11.005","journal-title":"Electron J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"14","key":"4954_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34131","volume":"10","author":"Y Tie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tie Y, Ji Y, Zhang H, Jing B, Zeng X, Yang P (2024) Investigation on the mechanical properties of Bacillus subtilis self-healing concrete. Heliyon 10(14):e34131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34131","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.3.891-894.1992","volume":"58","author":"J-L Tsau","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tsau J-L, Guffanti AA, Montville TJ (1992) Conversion of pyruvate to acetoin helps to maintain pH homeostasis in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 58(3):891\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.58.3.891-894.1992","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-12301-6","volume":"107","author":"L Tsigoriyna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsigoriyna L, Petrova P, Petrov K (2023) High production of acetoin from glycerol by Bacillus subtilis 35. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107(1):175\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-022-12301-6","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1998.00313.x","volume":"26","author":"M Ui","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ui M, Okuma, Kudo (1998) The production of D-acetoin by a transgenic Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 26(4):275\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1998.00313.x","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4954_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-012-0981-9","volume":"34","author":"M Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang M, Fu J, Zhang X, Chen T (2012) Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for enhanced production of acetoin. Biotechnol Lett 34(10):1877\u20131885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-012-0981-9","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"4954_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.02.018","volume":"107","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Feng C, Guo R, Ma Y, Yuan Y, Liu Y (2021) Cellulase immobilized by sodium alginate-polyethylene glycol-chitosan for hydrolysis enhancement of microcrystalline cellulose. Process Biochem 107:38\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.02.018","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-022-02185-z","volume":"15","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhang X, Ren K, Han R, Lu R, Bao T, Pan X, Yang T, Xu M, Rao Z (2022) Acetoin production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates with a modular metabolic engineering system in Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 15(1):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13068-022-02185-z","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"4954_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02324","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02324-21","volume":"88","author":"J Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen J, Smelt JPPM, Vischer NOE, de Vos AL, Setlow P, Brul S (2022) Heat activation and inactivation of bacterial spores: Is there an overlap? Appl Environ Microbiol 88(5):e02324-02321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02324-21","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.01.002","volume":"32","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao Z, Lu JR (2014) Strategies for enhancing fermentative production of acetoin: a review. Biotechnol Adv 32(2):492\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.01.002","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.4293","volume":"90","author":"Q Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu Q, Xie L, Li Y, Lin H, Sun S, Guan X, Hu K, Shen Y, Zhang L (2015) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient production of (3R)-acetoin. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 90(1):93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jctb.4293","journal-title":"J Chem Technol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4954_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1128\/am.30.6.889-892.1975","volume":"30","author":"NK Yadav","year":"1975","unstructured":"Yadav NK, Gupta KG (1975) Effect of substrates on acetoin production by Torulopsis colliculosa and Enterobacter species. Appl Microbiol 30(6):889\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/am.30.6.889-892.1975","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.25303\/1903rjbt070075","volume":"19","author":"N Yadav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav N, Sakshi I, Gaur R (2024) Biochemical characterization of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of sugarcane grown in Uttar Pradesh. Res J Biotechnol 19(3):70\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25303\/1903rjbt070075","journal-title":"Res J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4954_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34837-x","volume":"13","author":"N Yamasamit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamasamit N, Sangkeaw P, Jitchaijaroen W, Thongchom C, Keawsawasvong S, Kamchoom V (2023) Effect of Bacillus subtilis on mechanical and self-healing properties in mortar with different crack widths and curing conditions. Sci Rep 13(1):7844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-34837-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR112","first-page":"235","volume":"34","author":"SS Yang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yang SS, Yueh CY (2001) Oxytetracycline production by immobilized Streptomyces rimosus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 34(4):235\u201342","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"4954_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2017.1299680","volume":"37","author":"T Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang T, Rao Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Xu Z, Yang S-T (2017) Metabolic engineering strategies for acetoin and 2,3-butanediol production: advances and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 37(8):990\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07388551.2017.1299680","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4954_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-66322013000400004","volume":"30","author":"JF Zhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhan JF, Jiang ST, Pan LJ (2013) Immobilization of phospholipase A1 using a polyvinyl alcohol-alginate matrix and evaluation of the effects of immobilization. Braz J Chem Eng 30(4):721\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0104-66322013000400004","journal-title":"Braz J Chem Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"4954_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-011-0754-y","volume":"27","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yang T-w, Lin Q, Xu M-j, Xia H-f, Xu Z-h, Li H-z, Rao Z-m (2011) Isolation and identification of an acetoin high production bacterium that can reverse transform 2,3-butanediol to acetoin at the decline phase of fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27(12):2785\u20132790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11274-011-0754-y","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4954_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/10826068.2019.1666280","volume":"50","author":"H Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong H, Wang L, Zhao J-y, Xiao Z (2020) Fermentative production of chiral acetoin by wild-type Bacillus strains. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 50(2):116\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826068.2019.1666280","journal-title":"Prep Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4954_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070958","volume":"21","author":"J Zur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zur J, Wojcieszynska D, Guzik U (2016) Metabolic responses of bacterial cells to immobilization. Molecules 21(7):958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21070958","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Archives of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T08:05:23Z","timestamp":1785571523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-026-04954-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-8933","1432-072X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-8933","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-072X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional Review Board Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have given their consent for the publication of this research paper and its accompanying materials.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"393"}}