{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:16:54Z","timestamp":1787912214078,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007374","name":"Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is not only mediated by its resistance mechanisms but also by its ability to form persister cells. The persister state is a transient condition in which cells retain a dormant, non- or slow-growing state during exposure to stressors, such as high doses of bactericidal antibiotics, but can resume growth once the stress is removed. In this study, we investigated in vitro the virulence phenotype and stress-induced modulation of persisters in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    PA14 exposed to 30\u2009\u00d7\u2009the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem (60\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) or ciprofloxacin (3.75\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL). Using a biphasic killing assay, we detected persisters with survival levels of 4.8 and 3.4 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL at 24\u00a0h for imipenem and ciprofloxacin, respectively. MIC assays confirmed the absence of acquired resistance. Flow cytometry revealed a time-dependent accumulation of cells with intermediate redox activity and membrane integrity, consistent with the persister phenotype. Both planktonic and biofilm-associated populations harbored persisters, with biofilms exhibiting a greater amount of tolerant cells. Furthermore, persister cells displayed reduced pigment production, biofilm formation, and phagocytosis survival. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>higB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pqsA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in persisters, along with distinct profiles in recovered cells. Pre-exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; 0.4%) increased survival by\u2009&gt;\u20091 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    following antibiotic treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 256\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) increased imipenem persistence by twofold. Altogether, our findings show that oxidative and genotoxic stresses promote persistence, and that macrophage interactions modulate persister physiology, offering insight into host\u2013pathogen dynamics and potential therapeutic avenues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-04995-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:14:11Z","timestamp":1781590451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic exposure and recovery of persister states influence virulence phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5134-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleska Stephanie","family":"da Cruz Nizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7480-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo Dias","family":"Ig\u00eddio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9347-1946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estela Mafra","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allanis Cristiny Oliveira","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha Neves","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6944-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro Martins","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele da Gl\u00f3ria","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Tavares","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121388","volume":"613","author":"N Alhajj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alhajj N, O\u2019Reilly NJ, Cathcart H (2022) Developing ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation: a story of challenges and rational design in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung infection. 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