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We identified an essential distal regulatory element (DRE) between positions\u2009\u2212\u2009378 and \u2212\u2009359 relative to the transcription start site, with a 10-bp core required for promoter activity. In contrast to the EcpR-dependent model in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the\n                    <jats:italic>ecpR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ortholog is dispensable under the conditions tested. The nucleoid-associated proteins IHF and H-NS bind the regulatory region; IHF is strictly required for activation even when H-NS is absent. These findings define a regulatory architecture distinct from\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli ecp<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-05216-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:08:54Z","timestamp":1789974534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contrasting regulation of the ecp common pilus operon in Citrobacter rodentium: essential roles of a distal element and IHF even in the absence of H-NS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Isidro-Coxca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica I.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Escalera-Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-4974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5216_CR1","first-page":"409","volume-title":"Molecular Medical Microbiology","author":"SN Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham SN, Sharon N, Ofek I, Schwartzman JD (2015) Adhesion and colonization. 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