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Although the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    is widely recognized for its biocontrol potential, the extent to which genetic diversity among distinct pathogen isolates influences antagonistic responses remains poorly understood. This study screened eight native\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from threatened Araucaria Forest remnants against six\n                    <jats:italic>B. sorokiniana<\/jats:italic>\n                    field isolates using exclusively in vitro assays. Pathogen genetic diversity was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, while biocontrol potential was evaluated through dual culture and volatile\/non-volatile metabolite production. Nei\u2019s genetic diversity (\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.444) and Shannon\u2019s information index (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.634) revealed high genetic diversity among\n                    <jats:italic>B. sorokiniana<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, with no obvious relationship to sampling location. Our results showed that the antagonistic efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    varied according to the\n                    <jats:italic>B. sorokiniana<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate. Although all\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates inhibited pathogen growth, their performance was highly isolate-dependent: the commercial standard\n                    <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the highest inhibition (up to 94%), followed by the native isolates\n                    <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    LMA A14 and\n                    <jats:italic>T. azevedoi<\/jats:italic>\n                    LMA A22 (up to 82%) in dual culture, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>T. asperelloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LMA A20 and LMA A24) and\n                    <jats:italic>T. longibrachiatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    LMA A21 excelled differentially in volatile and non-volatile metabolite production, showing distinct suppression profiles across different\n                    <jats:italic>B. sorokiniana<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes. This study suggests that microbial biocontrol is a dynamic interaction in which variability among pathogen isolates may influence antagonist performance, highlighting the importance of evaluating a range of them when screening broad-spectrum native biocontrol candidates for sustainable disease management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-026-05225-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:33:34Z","timestamp":1790415214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antagonistic responses of native Trichoderma spp. vary among Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Gabriela Pupo","family":"Hagemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Cristine","family":"Izidoro-Morimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cacilda Marcia Duarte Rios","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto","family":"Da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Liss","family":"Zchonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Knob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5225_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-024-02839-8","volume":"170","author":"R Abdenaceur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdenaceur R, Farida B, Fatma SH (2024) Volatile organic compounds activities of Trichoderma species isolated from olive grove soil against the wilt pathogen, Verticillium dahliae. 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