{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:55:07Z","timestamp":1793429707488,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1573664560000},"page":"335-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparative study of the in vivo toxicity and pathophysiology of envenomation by three medically important Egyptian snake venoms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud I.","family":"Shoulkamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Stockand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf M. A.","family":"Mashaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2619_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00128-2","volume":"69","author":"MS Abubakar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abubakar MS, Sule MI, Pateh UU, Abdurahman EM, Haruna AK, Jahun BM (2000) In vitro snake venom detoxifying action of the leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis. J Ethnopharmacol 69:253\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00128-2","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2619_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992006000300005","volume":"12","author":"AK Al-Asmari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Asmari AK, Abdo NM (2006) Pharmacological characterization of rat paw edema induced by Cerastes gasperettii (cerastes) venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 12:400\u2013417","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2619_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2307\/1437473","volume":"1941","author":"R Allen","year":"1941","unstructured":"Allen R, Maier E (1941) The extraction and processing of snake venom. Copeia 1941:248\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1437473","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"2619_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/537026a","volume":"537","author":"C Arnold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arnold C (2016) Vipers, mambas and taipans: the escalating health crisis over snakebites. Nature 537:26\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/537026a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2619_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2009.05.008","volume":"150","author":"H Boukhalfa-Abib","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boukhalfa-Abib H, Meksem A, Laraba-Djebari F (2009) Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) venom. Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 150:285\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2009.05.008","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2619_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2015.11.002","volume":"44","author":"S Boumaiza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boumaiza S, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F (2016) Pathophysiological effects of Cerastes cerastes and Vipera lebetina venoms: immunoneutralization using anti-native and anti-60Co irradiated venoms. Biologicals 44:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biologicals.2015.11.002","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"2619_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2009043","volume":"204","author":"JP Chippaux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chippaux JP (2010) Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins. Biologie aujourd'hui 204:87\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/jbio\/2009043","journal-title":"Biologie aujourd'hui"},{"key":"2619_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90116-9","volume":"29","author":"JP Chippaux","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chippaux JP, Williams V, White J (1991) Snake venom variability: methods of study, results and interpretation. Toxicon 29:1279\u20131303","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.02.047","volume":"81","author":"NS El-Safory","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Safory NS, Fazary AE, Lee C-K (2010) Hyaluronidases, a group of glycosidases: current and future perspectives. Carbohyd Polym 81:165\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.02.047","journal-title":"Carbohyd Polym"},{"key":"2619_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/ami.ami_48_17","volume":"4","author":"A Gouda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gouda A, Elnabarawy N, Badawy S (2017) A study of snakebite envenomation cases admitted to egyptian national poisoning center. Acta Medica Int 4:34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ami.ami_48_17","journal-title":"Acta Medica Int"},{"key":"2619_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000055","volume":"10","author":"R Guerranti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guerranti R et al (2010) In vitro effects of Echis carinatus venom on the human plasma proteome. Proteomics 10:3712\u20133722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmic.201000055","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"2619_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(85)90380-0","volume":"23","author":"JM Gutierrez","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gutierrez JM, Gene JA, Rojas G, Cerdas L (1985) Neutralization of proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities of Costa Rican snake venoms by a polyvalent antivenom. Toxicon 23:887\u2013893","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.02.008","volume":"60","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM (2012) Improving antivenom availability and accessibility: science, technology, and beyond. Toxicon 60:676\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.02.008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.020","volume":"56","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM, Williams D, Fan HW, Warrell DA (2010) Snakebite envenoming from a global perspective: towards an integrated approach. Toxicon 56:1223\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9050163","volume":"9","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM et al (2017) Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of Antivenoms for snakebite envenoming: state-of-the-art and challenges ahead. Toxins 9:163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins9050163","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"2619_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8120351","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison RA, Gutierrez JM (2016) Priority actions and progress to substantially and sustainably reduce the mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of tropical snakebite. Toxins (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins8120351","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2619_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.06.019","volume":"74","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harrison RA, Cook DA, Renjifo C, Casewell NR, Currier RB, Wagstaff SC (2011) Research strategies to improve snakebite treatment: challenges and progress. J Proteomics 74:1768\u20131780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.06.019","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"2619_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00086-0","volume":"37","author":"BJ Hawgood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hawgood BJ (1999) Doctor Albert Calmette 1863\u20131933: founder of antivenomous serotherapy and of antituberculous BCG vaccination. Toxicon 37:1241\u20131258","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR19","first-page":"125","volume":"20","author":"AS Hayat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hayat AS, Khan AH, Shaikh TZ, Ghouri RA, Shaikh N (2008) Study of snake bite cases at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad\/Jamshoro. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 20:125\u2013127","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"2619_CR20","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep26778#supplementary-information"},{"key":"2619_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90113-9","volume":"25","author":"D Iddon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Iddon D, Theakston RDG, Ownby CL (1987) A study of the pathogenesis of local skin necrosis induced by Naja nigricollis (spitting cobra) venom using simple histological staining techniques. Toxicon 25:665\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90113-9","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5122621","volume":"5","author":"TN Jackson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jackson TN et al (2013) Venom down under: dynamic evolution of Australian elapid snake toxins. Toxins (Basel) 5:2621\u20132655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins5122621","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2619_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","volume":"5","author":"A Kasturiratne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kasturiratne A et al (2008) The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLOS Med 5:e218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"2619_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3020042","volume":"3","author":"C Knudsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knudsen C, Laustsen A (2018) Recent advances in next generation snakebite antivenoms. Trop Med Infect Dis 3:42","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2619_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3020042","author":"C Knudsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knudsen C, Laustsen AH (2018) Recent advances in next generation snakebite antivenoms. Trop Med Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed3020042","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2619_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.13.43","volume":"13","author":"H Kondo","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kondo H, Kondo S, Ikezawa H, Murata R (1960) Studies on the quantitative method for determination of hemorrhagic activity of Habu snake venom. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 13:43\u201352","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Sci Biol"},{"issue":"277\u2013290","key":"2619_CR27","first-page":"317","volume":"41","author":"DG Lalloo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lalloo DG, Theakston RD (2003) Snake antivenoms. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 41(277\u2013290):317\u2013227","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"2619_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003220","volume":"8","author":"K Maduwage","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maduwage K, Isbister GK (2014) Current treatment for venom-induced consumption coagulopathy resulting from snakebite. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3220\u2013e3220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003220","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2619_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26778","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26778","volume":"6","author":"K Maduwage","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maduwage K, Silva A, O\u2019Leary MA, Hodgson WC, Isbister GK (2016) Efficacy of Indian polyvalent snake antivenoms against Sri Lankan snake venoms: lethality studies or clinically focussed in vitro studies. Sci Rep 6:26778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep26778","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2619_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00126-3","volume":"36","author":"FS Markland","year":"1998","unstructured":"Markland FS (1998) Snake venoms and the hemostatic system. Toxicon 36:1749\u20131800","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(86)90199-6","volume":"24","author":"J Meier","year":"1986","unstructured":"Meier J, Theakston RD (1986) Approximate LD50 determinations of snake venoms using eight to ten experimental animals. Toxicon 24:395\u2013401","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135843","volume":"10","author":"AN Nanjaraj Urs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanjaraj Urs AN, Ramakrishnan C, Joshi V, Suvilesh KN, Veerabasappa Gowda T, Velmurugan D, Vishwanath BS (2015) Progressive Hemorrhage and Myotoxicity induced by Echis carinatus venom in Murine Model: neutralization by inhibitor Cocktail of N, N, N', N'-Tetrakis (2-Pyridylmethyl) Ethane-1,2-Diamine and Silymarin. PLoS ONE 10:e0135843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0135843","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2619_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee for the Update of the Guide for the C, Use of Laboratory A (2011) The national academies collection: reports funded by national institutes of health. In: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academies Press (US) National Academy of Sciences, Washington (DC). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/12910","DOI":"10.17226\/12910"},{"key":"2619_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992012000400009","volume":"18","author":"N Oukkache","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oukkache N, Lalaoui M, Ghalim N (2012) General characterization of venom from the Moroccan snakes Macrovipera mauritanica and Cerastes cerastes. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 18:411\u2013420","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2619_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101040f","volume":"10","author":"D Petras","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petras D et al (2011) Snake venomics of African spitting cobras: toxin composition and assessment of congeneric cross-reactivity of the Pan-African EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom by antivenomics and neutralization approaches. J Proteome Res 10:1266\u20131280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/pr101040f","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2619_CR36","first-page":"885","volume":"61","author":"HA Reid","year":"1983","unstructured":"Reid HA, Theakston RD (1983) The management of snake bite. Bull World Health Organ 61:885\u2013895","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2619_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.006","volume":"119","author":"M Rivel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivel M et al (2016) Pathogenesis of dermonecrosis induced by venom of the spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis: an experimental study in mice. Toxicon 119:171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.313","volume":"63","author":"A Rucavado","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rucavado A et al (2000) Inhibition of local hemorrhage and dermonecrosis induced by Bothrops asper snake venom: effectiveness of early in situ administration of the peptidomimetic metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat and the chelating agent CaNa2EDTA. Am J Trop Med Hygiene 63:313\u2013319","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hygiene"},{"key":"2619_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.10.001","volume":"8","author":"WH Salama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salama WH, Abdel-Aty AM, Fahmy AS (2018) Rosemary leaves extract: anti-snake action against Egyptian Cerastes cerastes venom. J Tradit Complementary Med 8:465\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.10.001","journal-title":"J Tradit Complementary Med"},{"key":"2619_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/157075406775247067","volume":"3","author":"E S\u00e1nchez","year":"2006","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez E, P\u00e9rez J, Powell R (2006) Farming for venom: survey of snake venom extraction facilities worldwide. Appl Herpetol 3:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/157075406775247067","journal-title":"Appl Herpetol"},{"key":"2619_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch118","volume":"97","author":"M Schneemann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schneemann M, Cathomas R, Laidlaw ST, El Nahas AM, Theakston RD, Warrell DA (2004) Life-threatening envenoming by the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review. QJM 97:717\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hch118","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"6","key":"2619_CR42","first-page":"203","volume":"2","author":"G Sepehri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sepehri G, Heidari MR, Sheibani Tezerji R (2007) The effects of bezoar on the Echis carinatus snake venom poisoning in mice. Iran J Pharmacol Therapeutics 2(6):203\u2013200","journal-title":"Iran J Pharmacol Therapeutics"},{"key":"2619_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14591","author":"J Slagboom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slagboom J, Kool J, Harrison RA, Casewell NR (2017) Haemotoxic snake venoms: their functional activity, impact on snakebite victims and pharmaceutical promise. Br J Haematol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.14591","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2619_CR44","first-page":"949","volume":"61","author":"RD Theakston","year":"1983","unstructured":"Theakston RD, Reid HA (1983) Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom. Bull World Health Organ 61:949\u2013956","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2619_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00393-8","volume":"41","author":"RD Theakston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Theakston RD, Warrell DA, Griffiths E (2003) Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms. Toxicon 41:541\u2013557","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2619_CR46","series-title":"Oxford Medicine Online","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199204854.003.0902","volume-title":"Injuries, envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions caused by animals","author":"David A. Warrell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Warrell DA (2010) Oxford textbook of medicine. In: Injuries, envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions caused by animals. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780199204854.003.0902"},{"key":"2619_CR47","unstructured":"WHO (2018) Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins https:\/\/www.whoint\/bloodproducts\/snake_antivenoms\/snakeantivenomguide\/en\/:192"},{"key":"2619_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)61159-4","volume":"375","author":"D Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams D, Gutierrez JM, Harrison R, Warrell DA, White J, Winkel KD, Gopalakrishnakone P (2010) The global snake bite initiative: an antidote for snake bite. Lancet (London, England) 375:89\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)61159-4","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2619_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.05.027","volume":"74","author":"DJ Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams DJ et al (2011) Ending the drought: new strategies for improving the flow of affordable, effective antivenoms in Asia and Africa. J Proteomics 74:1735\u20131767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.05.027","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"2619_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0886-7_10","volume":"1","author":"M Yamakawa","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yamakawa M, Nozaki M, Hokama Z (1976) Fractionation of sakishimahabu (Trimeresurus elegans) venom and lethal, hemorrhagic and edema-forming activities of the fractions. Anim Plant Microb Toxins 1:97\u2013109","journal-title":"Anim Plant Microb Toxins"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:22:36Z","timestamp":1605140556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02619-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}