{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:53:45Z","timestamp":1791852825613,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005295","name":"Staedtler Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001652","name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxicological studies propose that exposure to carbon black nanoparticles induces organ injuries and inflammatory responses. Besides, current understanding of the molecular mechanisms implies that carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) exposure induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or disturbance in calcium homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms whereby CBNP exert these effects in the lung are still not fully understood. To gain insight into the possible mechanism of CBNP exerted toxicity, human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to different concentrations of CBNP and for different timepoints. The reaction of the cells was monitored by the systematic use of cell-based measurements of calcium and ROS, in the presence and absence of calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) pump inhibitors\/chelators and antioxidants. Followed by an in-depth PCR analysis of 84 oxidative stress-related genes. The measurements revealed, as compared to the control, that exposure to CBNP nanoparticles leads to the generation of high ROS levels, as well as a disturbance in calcium homeostasis, which remained primarily unchanged even after 24\u00a0h of exposure. Nevertheless, in presence of antioxidants <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Trolox, ROS formation was considerably reduced without affecting the intracellular calcium concentration. On the other hand, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> pump inhibitors\/chelators, BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-amino phenoxy)ethane-N, N, N\u2032, N\u2032-tetraacetic acid) and verapamil not only decreased the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> overload, but also further decreased the ROS formation, indicating its role in CBNP-induced oxidative stress. Further, a PCR array analysis of A549 cells in presence and absence of the calmodulin (CaM) antagonist W7, indicated toward nine altered oxidative stress-related genes which further confirmed our cytotoxicity results. Obtained data suggested that CBNP exposure elevates calcium ion concentration, which further contributes to oxidative stress, via the calcium-binding protein CaM. Its inhibition with W7 leads to downregulation in gene expression of nine oxidative stress-related genes, which otherwise, as compared to control, show increased gene expression. The results of the study thus confirm that exposure of lung epithelial cells to CBNP leads to oxidative stress; however, the oxidative stress itself is a result of a disturbance in both calcium and ROS homeostasis, and should be considered while searching for a new strategy for prevention of CBNP-induced lung toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T04:38:10Z","timestamp":1616819890000},"page":"2007-2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A new perspective on calmodulin-regulated calcium and ROS homeostasis upon carbon black nanoparticle exposure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Schmitz-Spanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010120","volume":"18","author":"A Abdal Dayem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdal Dayem A, Hossain MK, Lee SB et al (2017) The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biological activities of metallic nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 18(1):120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18010120","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3032_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S413","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100465","volume":"20","author":"V Adam-Vizi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adam-Vizi V, Starkov AA (2010) Calcium and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation: how to read the facts. J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. 20(Suppl 2):S413\u2013S426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-100465","journal-title":"J Alzheimer's Disease."},{"issue":"7","key":"3032_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1468564","volume":"52","author":"G Aldini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aldini G, Altomare A, Baron G et al (2018) N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulphide breaking agent: the reasons why. Free Radical Res 52(7):751\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10715762.2018.1468564","journal-title":"Free Radical Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3032_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028","volume":"66","author":"R Bagur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bagur R, Hajn\u00f3czky G (2017) Intracellular Ca(2+) Sensing: its role in calcium homeostasis and signaling. Mol Cell 66(6):780\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"3032_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C817","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00139.2004","volume":"287","author":"PS Brookes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brookes PS, Yoon Y, Robotham JL, Anders MW, Sheu S-S (2004) Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287(4):C817\u2013C833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00139.2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-10","volume":"75","author":"M Cargnello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cargnello M, Roux PP (2011) Activation and function of the MAPKs and their substrates, the MAPK-activated protein kinases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 75(1):50\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00031-10","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3032_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08716.x","volume":"280","author":"CJ Caunt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caunt CJ, Keyse SM (2013) Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs): shaping the outcome of MAP kinase signalling. FEBS J 280(2):489\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08716.x","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"11","key":"3032_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.47.11.1744","volume":"47","author":"HF DeLuca","year":"1961","unstructured":"DeLuca HF, Engstrom GW (1961) Calcium uptake by rat kidney mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47(11):1744\u20131750","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"3032_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3503","volume":"17","author":"NC Di Paolo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Paolo NC, Shayakhmetov DM (2016) Interleukin 1\u03b1 and the inflammatory process. Nat Immunol 17(8):906\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3503","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3032_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00150-3","volume":"34","author":"K Donaldson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Donaldson K, Stone V, Borm PJA et al (2003) Oxidative stress and calcium signaling in the adverse effects of environmental particles (PM10). Free Radical Biol Med 34(11):1369\u20131382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0891-5849(03)00150-3","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3032_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2015.1009187","volume":"9","author":"J Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong J, Ma Q (2015) Advances in mechanisms and signaling pathways of carbon nanotube toxicity. Nanotoxicology 9(5):658\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17435390.2015.1009187","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"3032_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9324018","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9324018","volume":"2019","author":"S Feno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feno S, Butera G, Vecellio Reane D, Rizzuto R, Raffaello A (2019) Crosstalk between calcium and ROS in pathophysiological conditions. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019:9324018\u20139324018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/9324018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2014.01.005","volume":"22","author":"PP Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu PP, Xia Q, Hwang H-M, Ray PC, Yu H (2014) Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. J Food Drug Anal 22(1):64\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfda.2014.01.005","journal-title":"J Food Drug Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"3032_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390802464986","volume":"2","author":"L Gonzalez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez L, Lison D, Kirsch-Volders M (2008) Genotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials: a critical review. Nanotoxicology 2(4):252\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435390802464986","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3032_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1026398310003","volume":"68","author":"AV Gordeeva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gordeeva AV, Zvyagilskaya RA, Labas YA (2003) Cross-talk between reactive oxygen species and calcium in living cells. Biochemistry (Mosc) 68(10):1077\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1026398310003","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"3032_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.08.010","volume":"6","author":"A G\u00f6rlach","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00f6rlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, Krizanova O (2015) Calcium and ROS: a mutual interplay. Redox Biol 6:260\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2015.08.010","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3032_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.06.006","volume":"10","author":"HH Gustafson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gustafson HH, Holt-Casper D, Grainger DW, Ghandehari H (2015) Nanoparticle uptake: the phagocyte problem. Nano Today 10(4):487\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.06.006","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"3032_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.15-05-04093.1995","volume":"15","author":"I Hajimohammadreza","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hajimohammadreza I, Probert A, Coughenour L et al (1995) A specific inhibitor of calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II provides neuroprotection against NMDA- and hypoxia\/hypoglycemia-induced cell death. J Neurosci 15(5):4093\u20134101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.15-05-04093.1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.71667","volume":"1","author":"I Hamad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamad I, Arda N, Pekmez M, Karaer S, Temizkan G (2010) Intracellular scavenging activity of Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid) in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Nat Sci Biol Med 1(1):16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-9668.71667","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"3032_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2017.01.007","volume":"63","author":"N Hempel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hempel N, Trebak M (2017) Crosstalk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling in cancer. Cell Calcium 63:70\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceca.2017.01.007","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"3032_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-019-09518-9","author":"J Holme","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holme J, Brinchmann B, Le Ferrec E, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Ovrevik J (2019) Combustion particle-induced changes in calcium homeostasis: a contributing factor to vascular disease? Cardiovasc Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12012-019-09518-9","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3032_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122702","volume":"18","author":"Y-W Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang Y-W, Cambre M, Lee H-J (2017) The toxicity of nanoparticles depends on multiple molecular and physicochemical mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 18(12):2702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18122702","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3032_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.9.98","volume":"9","author":"J Jeevanandam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeevanandam J, Barhoum A, Chan YS, Dufresne A, Danquah MK (2018) Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 9:1050\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3762\/bjnano.9.98","journal-title":"Beilstein J Nanotechnol"},{"key":"3032_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.11.004","volume":"14","author":"Q Jin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jin Q, Li R, Hu N et al (2018) DUSP1 alleviates cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury by suppressing the Mff-required mitochondrial fission and Bnip3-related mitophagy via the JNK pathways. Redox Biol 14:576\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2017.11.004","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3032_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2004.07.007","volume":"46","author":"CS Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee CS, Park SY, Ko HH, Song JH, Shin YK, Han ES (2005) Inhibition of MPP+-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death by trifluoperazine and W-7 in PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 46(2):169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2004.07.007","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"3032_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.03.003","volume":"581","author":"Y Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu Y, Templeton DM (2007) Cadmium activates CaMK-II and initiates CaMK-II-dependent apoptosis in mesangial cells. FEBS Lett 581(7):1481\u20131486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.03.003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"3032_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183735","volume":"76","author":"AK Madl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Madl AK, Plummer LE, Carosino C, Pinkerton KE (2014) Nanoparticles, lung injury, and the role of oxidant stress. Annu Rev Physiol 76:447\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183735","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"3032_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942916","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/942916","volume":"2013","author":"A Manke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manke A, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y (2013) Mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Biomed Res Int 2013:942916\u2013942916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/942916","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"3032_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00763","author":"R Niranjan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niranjan R, Thakur AK (2017) The toxicological mechanisms of environmental soot (black carbon) and carbon black: focus on oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00763","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3032_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.12.022","volume":"46","author":"K Odagiri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Odagiri K, Katoh H, Kawashima H et al (2009) Local control of mitochondrial membrane potential, permeability transition pore and reactive oxygen species by calcium and calmodulin in rat ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 46(6):989\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.12.022","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3032_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30136-5","volume":"1","author":"D Prada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prada D, Zhong J, Colicino E et al (2017) Association of air particulate pollution with bone loss over time and bone fracture risk: analysis of data from two independent studies. Lancet Planet Health 1(8):e337\u2013e347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30136-5","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3032_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.2.083","volume":"30","author":"D Saputra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saputra D, Yoon J-H, Park H et al (2014) Inhalation of carbon black nanoparticles aggravates pulmonary inflammation in mice. Toxicol Res 30(2):83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5487\/TR.2014.30.2.083","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"3032_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13667","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.540799","volume":"289","author":"S Shah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shah S, King EM, Chandrasekhar A, Newton R (2014) Roles for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase, DUSP1, in feedback control of inflammatory gene expression and repression by dexamethasone. J Biol Chem 289(19):13667\u201313679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M113.540799","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.64607","volume":"14","author":"M Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma M (2010) Understanding the mechanism of toxicity of carbon nanoparticles in humans in the new millennium: a systemic review. Indian J Occup Environ Med 14(1):3\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5278.64607","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3032_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15b13.x","volume":"15","author":"V Stone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stone V, Tuinman M, Vamvakopoulos JE et al (2000) Increased calcium influx in a monocytic cell line on exposure to ultrafine carbon black. Eur Respir J 15(2):297\u2013303","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"17","key":"3032_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8086-2","volume":"65","author":"MT Swulius","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swulius MT, Waxham MN (2008) Ca(2+)\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 65(17):2637\u20132657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-008-8086-2","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03932-X","volume":"962","author":"H Takano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takano H, Fukushi H, Morishima Y, Shirasaki Y (2003) Calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase II mediate neuronal cell death induced by depolarization. Brain Res 962(1):41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03932-X","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3032_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1219-5","volume":"88","author":"FD Toledo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toledo FD, P\u00e9rez LM, Basiglio CL, Ochoa JE, Sanchez Pozzi EJ, Roma MG (2014) The Ca2+-calmodulin-Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 88(9):1695\u20131709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-014-1219-5","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"3032_CR38","unstructured":"Uddin M (2017) Recent progress on synthesis, characterization and applications of carbon black nanoparticles. p 40"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-018-0272-2","volume":"15","author":"M Umezawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Umezawa M, Onoda A, Korshunova I et al (2018) Maternal inhalation of carbon black nanoparticles induces neurodevelopmental changes in mouse offspring. Part Fibre Toxicol 15(1):36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12989-018-0272-2","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"3032_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-33","volume":"7","author":"LK Vesterdal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vesterdal LK, Folkmann JK, Jacobsen NR et al (2010) Pulmonary exposure to carbon black nanoparticles and vascular effects. Part Fibre Toxicol 7:33\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-8977-7-33","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3032_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg034","volume":"31","author":"C von Mering","year":"2003","unstructured":"von Mering C, Huynen M, Jaeggi D, Schmidt S, Bork P, Snel B (2003) STRING: a database of predicted functional associations between proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 31(1):258\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkg034","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"3032_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207556","volume":"23","author":"T Wada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wada T, Penninger JM (2004) Mitogen-activated protein kinases in apoptosis regulation. Oncogene 23(16):2838\u20132849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.onc.1207556","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"7","key":"3032_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00390.x","volume":"27","author":"Y Yan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yan Y, Wei C-l, Zhang W-r, Cheng H-p, Liu J (2006) Cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 27(7):821\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00390.x","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"10","key":"3032_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4589","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.34065","volume":"10","author":"X Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan X, Nie W, He Z et al (2020) Carbon black nanoparticles induce cell necrosis through lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cause subsequent inflammatory response. Theranostics 10(10):4589\u20134605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.34065","journal-title":"Theranostics"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:42:41Z","timestamp":1622508161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03032-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}