{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:05:03Z","timestamp":1781615103091,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"ministry of health, labour and welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H30-Syokuhin-Wakate-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H30-Syokuhin-Wakate-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T08:02:59Z","timestamp":1626422579000},"page":"3117-3131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In vivo mutagenicity and tumor-promoting activity of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in the liver and kidneys of gpt delta rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4184-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Takasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3120_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gex014","volume":"32","author":"N Akiba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akiba N, Shiizaki K, Matsushima Y, Endo O, Inaba K, Totsuka Y (2017) Influence of GSH S-transferase on the mutagenicity induced by dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloropropane. Mutagenesis 32:455\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mutage\/gex014","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"3120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.024","volume":"58","author":"S Andres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andres S, Appel KE, Lampen A (2013) Toxicology, occurrence and risk characterisation of the chloropropanols in food: 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol. Food Chem Toxicol 58:467\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2013.05.024","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.006","volume":"189","author":"B Bhushan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhushan B, Apte U (2019) Liver regeneration after acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Am J Pathol 189:719\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1207","volume":"135","author":"TM Buetler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buetler TM, Gallagher EP, Wang C, Stahl DL, Hayes JD, Eaton DL (1995) Induction of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme mRNA, protein, and activity by BHA, ethoxyquin, and oltipraz. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 135:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/taap.1995.1207","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"3120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00840.x","volume":"63","author":"G D\u2019Amico","year":"2003","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico G, Bazzi C (2003) Pathophysiology of proteinuria. Kidney Int 63:809\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00840.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3120_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14S","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312438736","volume":"40","author":"KS Frazier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frazier KS, Seely JC, Hard GC, Betton G, Burnett R, Nakatsuji S, Nishikawa A, Durchfeld-Meyer B, Bube A (2012) Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse urinary system. Toxicol Pathol 40:14S-86S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623312438736","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR7","first-page":"45","volume":"24","author":"J Gajewska","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gajewska J, Szczypka M (1992) Role of pi form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) in cancer: a minireview. Mater Med Pol 24:45\u201349","journal-title":"Mater Med Pol"},{"key":"3120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00618.x","volume":"13","author":"J Haratake","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haratake J, Furuta A, Iwasa T, Wakasugi C, Imazu K (1993) Submassive hepatic necrosis induced by dichloropropanol. Liver 13:123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00618.x","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"3120_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3331","volume":"37","author":"D Hibi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hibi D, Yokoo Y, Suzuki Y, Ishii Y, Jin M, Kijima A, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A, Umemura T (2017) Lack of genotoxic mechanisms in early-stage furan-induced hepatocellular tumorigenesis in gpt delta rats. J Appl Toxicol 37:142\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3331","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3755","volume":"39","author":"Y Ishii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishii Y, Kijima A, Takasu S, Ogawa K, Umemura T (2019a) Effects of inhibition of hepatic sulfotransferase activity on renal genotoxicity induced by lucidin-3-o-primeveroside. J Appl Toxicol 39:650\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3755","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.04.011","volume":"129","author":"Y Ishii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishii Y, Yokoo Y, Kijima A, Takasu S, Ogawa K, Umemura T (2019b) DNA modifications that do not cause gene mutations confer the potential for mutagenicity by combined treatment with food chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 129:144\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2019.04.011","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs294","volume":"131","author":"M Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin M, Kijima A, Hibi D, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Matsushita K, Kuroda K, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A, Umemura T (2013) In vivo genotoxicity of methyleugenol in gpt delta transgenic rats following medium-term exposure. Toxicol Sci 131:387\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs294","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"3120_CR13","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (2006) Technical Report Series 940"},{"key":"3120_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.36.318","volume":"36","author":"T Katoh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Katoh T, Haratake J, Nakano S, Kikuchi M, Yoshikawa M, Arashidani K (1998) Dose-dependent effects of dichloropropanol on liver histology and lipid peroxidation in rats. Ind Health 36:318\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2486\/indhealth.36.318","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"3120_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009-2797(98)00099-4","volume":"117","author":"HH Landin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Landin HH, Segerb\u00e4ck D, Damberg C, Osterman-Golkar S (1999) Adducts with haemoglobin and with DNA in epichlorohydrin-exposed rats. Chem Biol Interact 117:49\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0009-2797(98)00099-4","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"3120_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5625\/lar.2016.32","volume":"32","author":"IC Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee IC, Lee SM, Ko JW, Park SH, Shin IS, Moon C, Kim SH, Kim JC (2016) Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa b in 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatic injury. Lab Anim Res 32:24\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5625\/lar.2016.32","journal-title":"Lab Anim Res"},{"key":"3120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.10.1547","volume":"15","author":"EK L\u00f6wenborg","year":"2000","unstructured":"L\u00f6wenborg EK, Jaremko G, Berg UB (2000) Glomerular function and morphology in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15:1547\u20131555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/15.10.1547","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"3120_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.11.183","volume":"11","author":"T Makino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Makino T, Sehata S, Igarashi I, Watanabe T, Ohashi Y, Manabe S, Yamoto T (1998) Induction of glutathione S-transferases and hepatocellular proliferating activites in the rat liver treated with tret-butylated hydroxyanisole, 1, 2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene, and phenobarbial. J Toxicol Pathol 11:183\u2013189","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308315359","volume":"36","author":"T Makino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Makino T, Ishikawa K, Igarashi I, Yamoto T, Manabe S, Nakayama H (2008) Relationship between GST Yp induction and hepatocyte proliferation in rats treated with phase II drug metabolizing enzyme inducers. Toxicol Pathol 36:420\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623308315359","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.26.19","volume":"26","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Kijima A, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Jin M, Kuroda K, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T (2013) Development of a medium-term animal model using gpt delta rats to evaluate chemical carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. J Toxicol Pathol 26:19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1293\/tox.26.19","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.05.002","volume":"66","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Kuroda K, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Nishikawa A, Umemura T (2014) Improvement and validation of a medium-term gpt delta rat model for predicting chemical carcinogenicity and underlying mode of action. Exp Toxicol Pathol 66:313\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etp.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2014.09.006","volume":"67","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Ishii Y, Takasu S, Kuroda K, Kijima A, Tsuchiya T, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Nishikawa N, Umemura T (2015) A medium-term gpt delta rat model as an in vivo system for analysis of renal carcinogenesis and the underlying mode of action. Exp Toxicol Pathol 67:31\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etp.2014.09.006","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy151","volume":"165","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Takasu S, Kuroda K, Ishii Y, Kijima A, Ogawa K, Umemura T (2018) Mechanisms underlying exacerbation of osmotic nephrosis caused by pre-existing kidney injury. Toxicol Sci 165:420\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy151","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"3120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3990","volume":"40","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Yamada T, Morikawa T, Ogawa K (2020) Comprehensive expression analysis of mRNA and microRNA for the investigation of compensatory mechanisms in the rat kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. J Appl Toxicol 40:1373\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.3990","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw066","volume":"37","author":"S Mimaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mimaki S, Totsuka Y, Suzuki Y, Nakai C, Goto M, Kojima M, Arakawa H, Takemura S, Tanaka S, Marubashi S, Kinoshita M, Matsuda T, Shibata T, Nakagama H, Ochiai A, Kubo S, Nakamori S, Esumi H, Tsuchihara K (2016) Hypermutation and unique mutational signatures of occupational cholangiocarcinoma in printing workers exposed to haloalkanes. Carcinogenesis 37:817\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgw066","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"3120_CR26","unstructured":"National Toxicology Programs (2005) Review of Toxicological Literature, 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (CAS No. 96-23-1). https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/chem_background\/exsumpdf\/dichloropropanol_508.pdf"},{"key":"3120_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.2015024","volume":"4","author":"T Nohmi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nohmi T (2016) Past, present and future directions of gpt delta rodent gene mutation assays. Food Saf (tokyo) 4:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.2015024","journal-title":"Food Saf (tokyo)"},{"key":"3120_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/s0027-5107(00)00077-4","volume":"455","author":"T Nohmi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nohmi T, Suzuki T, Masumura K (2000) Recent advances in the protocols of transgenic mouse mutation assays. Mutat Res 455:191\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0027-5107(00)00077-4","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"3120_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-009-0117-z","volume":"32","author":"SY Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park SY, Kim YH, Kim YH, Lee SJ (2010) 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol induces apoptosis via both calcium and ROS in mouse melanoma cells. Biotechnol Lett 32:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10529-009-0117-z","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"3120_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00481.x","volume":"62","author":"R Rasch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rasch R, Nyengaard JR, Marcussen N, Meyer TW (2002) Renal structural abnormalities following recovery from acute puromycin nephrosis. Kidney Int 62:496\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00481.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"3120_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.07.002","volume":"749","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Umemura T, Ishii Y, Hibi D, Inoue T, Jin M, Sakai H, Kodama Y, Nohmi T, Yanai T, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K (2012) Possible involvement of sulfotransferase 1A1 in estragole-induced DNA modification and carcinogenesis in the livers of female mice. Mutat Res 749:23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.07.002","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"3120_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623309356451","volume":"38","author":"H Tsuda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsuda H, Futakuchi M, Fukamachi K, Shirai T, Imaida K, Fukushima S, Tatematsu M, Furukawa F, Tamano S, Ito N (2010) A medium-term, rapid rat bioassay model for the detection of carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Toxicol Pathol 38:182\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623309356451","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"3120_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg053","volume":"24","author":"T Umemura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Umemura T, Kai S, Hasegawa R, Kanki K, Kitamura Y, Nishikawa A, Hirose M (2003) Prevention of dual promoting effects of pentachlorophenol, an environmental pollutant, on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepato- and cholangiocarcinogenesis in mice by green tea infusion. Carcinogenesis 24:1105\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgg053","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"3120_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2006.00248.x","volume":"97","author":"T Umemura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Umemura T, Kanki K, Kuroiwa Y, Ishii Y, Okano K, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A, Hirose M (2006) In vivo mutagenicity and initiation following oxidative DNA lesion in the kidneys of rats given potassium bromate. Cancer Sci 97:829\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2006.00248.x","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3120_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1021\/tx500239q","volume":"27","author":"S Waidyanatha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waidyanatha S, Gaudette NF, Hong Y, Fennell TR (2014) Formation of epichlorohydrin, a known rodent carcinogen, following oral administration of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in rats. Chem Res Toxicol 27:1787\u20131795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/tx500239q","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"3120_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.10.038","volume":"48","author":"G Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams G, Leblanc JC, Setzer RW (2010) Application of the margin of exposure (MOE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic: example: (CAS no. 96-23-1) 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP). Food Chem Toxicol 48:S57\u2013S62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2009.10.038","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T16:05:55Z","timestamp":1629561955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-021-03120-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conlicts of interest. T. Y. is an employee of Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho (Nagoya, Japan).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}