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Despite being classified as a human carcinogen, FA is still employed as formalin in pathology wards as standard fixative. We evaluated its relationship with the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes on 57 pathologists and 48 controls and the risk\/protective role played by several genetic polymorphisms. All subjects were assessed for SCEs and genotyped for the most common cancer-associated gene polymorphisms: CYP1A1<\/jats:italic> exon 7 (A\u2009>\u2009G), CYP1A1<\/jats:italic>*2A (T\u2009>\u2009C), CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>*2 (G\u2009>\u2009A), GSTT1<\/jats:italic> (presence\/absence), GSTM1<\/jats:italic> (presence\/absence), GSTP1<\/jats:italic> (A\u2009>\u2009G), XRCC1<\/jats:italic> (G399A), XRCC1<\/jats:italic> (C194T), XRCC1<\/jats:italic> (A280G), XPC<\/jats:italic> exon 15 (A939C), XPC<\/jats:italic> exon 9 (C499T), TNF\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2212\u2009308 G\u2009>\u2009A), IL10<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2212\u20091082 (G\u2009>\u2009A), and IL6<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2212\u2009174 (G\u2009>\u2009C). Air-FA concentration was assessed through passive personal samplers. Pathologists, exposed to 55.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/m3<\/jats:sup> of air-FA, showed a significantly higher SCEs frequency than controls, exposed, respectively, to 18.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/m3<\/jats:sup>. Air-FA was directly correlated with SCEs frequency and inversely with the replication index (RI). Regression models showed FA exposure as a significant predictor in developing SCEs, while did not highlight any role of the selected polymorphisms. Our study confirms the role of low air-FA levels as genotoxicity inductor, highlighting the importance to define exposure limits that could be safer for exposed workers.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03238-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T04:26:25Z","timestamp":1644639985000},"page":"1101-1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The formation of SCEs as an effect of occupational exposure to formaldehyde"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Ghelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Bellisario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Buglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0655-7550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Squillacioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Santovito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5696\/2156-9614-7.14.71","volume":"7","author":"OT Aladesanmi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aladesanmi OT, Agboola FK, Okonji RE (2017) Enzymes as biomarkers of environmental stress in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Osun State, Nigeria. 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