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Uncertainties exist about their comparative mammalian toxicokinetic (\u2018TK\u2019) profiles, including their relative oral route bioavailability, especially for Ag massive and powder forms. This knowledge gap impedes concluding on the grouping of Ag and Ag compounds for hazard assessment purposes. Therefore, an in vivo TK study was performed in a rat model. Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were exposed via oral gavage for up to 28\u00a0days to silver acetate (AgAc; 5, 55, 175\u00a0mg\/kg(bw)\/d), silver nitrate (AgNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>; 5, 55, 125\u00a0mg\/kg(bw)\/d), nanosilver (AgNP; 15\u00a0nm diameter; 3.6, 36, 360\u00a0mg\/kg(bw)\/d) or silver powder (AgMP; 0.35\u00a0\u00b5m diameter; 36, 180, 1000\u00a0mg\/kg(bw)\/d). Total Ag concentrations were determined in blood and tissues to provide data on comparative systemic exposure to Ag and differentials in achieved tissue Ag levels. AgAc and AgNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were the most bioavailable forms with comparable and linear TK profiles (achieved systemic exposures and tissue concentrations). AgMP administration led to systemic exposures of about an order of magnitude less, with tissue Ag concentrations 2\u20133 orders of magnitude lower and demonstrating non-linear kinetics. The apparent oral bioavailability of AgNP was intermediate between AgAc\/AgNO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and AgMP. For all test items, highest tissue Ag concentrations were in the gastrointestinal tract and reticuloendothelial organs, whereas brain and testis were minor sites of distribution. It was concluded that the oral bioavailability of AgMP was very limited. These findings provide hazard assessment context for various Ag test items and support the prediction that Ag in massive and powder forms exhibit low toxicity potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03511-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T09:03:38Z","timestamp":1684314218000},"page":"1859-1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative in vivo toxicokinetics of silver powder, nanosilver and soluble silver compounds after oral administration to rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9835-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelle","family":"Mertens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Alami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Arijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3511_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518109092041","volume":"41","author":"J Aaseth","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aaseth J, Olsen A, Halse J, Hovig T (1981) Argyria\u2014tissue deposition of silver as selenide. 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