{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:02:30Z","timestamp":1790694150325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001410","name":"Human Resource Development Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09\/1095(0062)\/2020-EMR-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/1095(0062)\/2020-EMR-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T12:02:26Z","timestamp":1703764946000},"page":"375-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of Indian polyvalent antivenom against the Indian snakes of clinical significance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Gopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh Krishna","family":"Venkataramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saraswathi","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerthana","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Bibina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0311-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil Visaga","family":"Ambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.002","volume":"3","author":"A Anil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anil A, Singh S, Bhalla A, Sharma N, Agarwal R, Simpson ID (2010) Role of neostigmine and polyvalent antivenom in Indian common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bite. J Infect Public Health 3:83\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.002","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"3643_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005079","volume":"10","author":"B Avau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avau B, Borra V, Vandekerckhove P, De Buck E (2016) The treatment of snake bites in a first aid setting: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005079","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100048","author":"S Bhatia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhatia S, Vasudevan K (2020) Comparative proteomics of geographically distinct saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) venoms from India. Toxicon X. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxcx.2020.100048","journal-title":"Toxicon X"},{"key":"3643_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2021.08.023","volume":"201","author":"S Bhatia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhatia S, Blotra A, Vasudevan K (2021) Immunorecognition capacity of Indian polyvalent antivenom against venom toxins from two populations of Echis carinatus. Toxicon 201:148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2021.08.023","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3643_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070481","volume":"14","author":"S Bhatia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatia S, Blotra A, Vasudevan K (2022) Evaluating antivenom efficacy against Echis carinatus venoms\u2014screening for in vitro alternatives. Toxins (basel) 14:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14070481","journal-title":"Toxins (basel)"},{"key":"3643_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008727","volume":"14","author":"S Bhaumik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhaumik S, Beri D, Lassi ZS, Jagnoor J (2020) Interventions for the management of snakebite envenoming: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14:1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008727","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.05.006","volume":"41","author":"NR Casewell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casewell NR, Jackson TNW, Laustsen AH, Sunagar K (2020) Causes and consequences of snake venom variation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 41:570\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"3643_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_3377_20","volume":"152","author":"J Chakma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chakma J et al (2020a) White paper on venomous snakebite in India. Indian Counc Med Res 152:568","journal-title":"Indian Counc Med Res"},{"key":"3643_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR","volume":"10","author":"JK Chakma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chakma JK, Menon JC, Dhaliwal RS (2020b) White paper on snake envenomation. Indian J Med Res 10:568\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"3643_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2020.1778471","volume":"00","author":"A Chanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chanda A, Mukherjee AK (2020a) Expert Review of Proteomics Mass spectrometric analysis to unravel the venom proteome composition of Indian snakes\u202f: opening new avenues in clinical research Mass spectrometric analysis to unravel the venom proteome composition of Indian snakes\u202f: opening. Expert Rev Proteom 00:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789450.2020.1778471","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteom"},{"key":"3643_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.106","volume":"160","author":"A Chanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chanda A, Mukherjee AK (2020b) Quantitative proteomics to reveal the composition of Southern India spectacled cobra (Naja naja) venom and its immunological cross-reactivity towards commercial antivenom. Int J Biol Macromol 160:224\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.106","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3643_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2020.1756858","volume":"40","author":"A Choraria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choraria A, Somasundaram R, Gautam M, Ramanathan M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Michael A (2021) Experimental antivenoms from chickens and rabbits and their comparison with commercially available equine antivenom against the venoms of Daboia russelii and Echis carinatus snakes. Toxin Rev 40:702\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15569543.2020.1756858","journal-title":"Toxin Rev"},{"key":"3643_CR13","first-page":"31","volume":"4","author":"D Das","year":"2013","unstructured":"Das D, Urs N, Hiremath V, Vishwanath BS, Doley R (2013) Biochemical and biological characterization of Naja kaouthia venom from North-East India and its neutralization by polyvalent antivenom. J Venom Res 4:31\u201338","journal-title":"J Venom Res"},{"key":"3643_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2019.103463","author":"A Deka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deka A, Gogoi A, Das D, Purkayastha J, Doley R (2019) Proteomics of Naja kaouthia venom from North East India and assessment of Indian polyvalent antivenom by third generation antivenomics. J Proteom. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2019.103463","journal-title":"J Proteom"},{"key":"3643_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124771","author":"G Gopal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gopal G, Muralidar S, Prakash D, Kamalakkannan A, Indhuprakash ST, Thirumalai D, Ambi SV (2023) The concept of Big Four: Road map from snakebite epidemiology to antivenom efficacy. Int J Biol Macromol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124771","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3643_CR16","first-page":"4","volume":"6","author":"PK Goswami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goswami PK, Samant M, Srivastava RS (2014) Snake venom, anti-snake venom & potential of snake venom. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6:4\u20137","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"3643_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.020","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM, Williams D, Fan HW, Warrell DA (2010) Snakebite envenoming from a global perspective: towards an integrated approach. Toxicon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.020","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3643_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","volume":"3","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez JM, Calvete JJ, Habib AG, Harrison RA, Williams DJ, Warrell DA (2017) Snakebite envenoming. Nat Rev Dis Prim 3:17063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"3643_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.040","author":"WA Hannan Wan Ibadullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hannan Wan Ibadullah WA, Azmi MF, Abas MI, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Jeffree MS, Azhar ZI, Hayati F, Hassan MR (2021) Determinants of snakebite mortality in Asia: a systematic review. Ann Med Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.040","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"3643_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.095","volume":"208","author":"H Kakati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kakati H, Patra A, Kalita B, Chanda A, Rapole S, Mukherjee AK (2022) A comparison of two different analytical workflows to determine the venom proteome composition of Naja kaouthia from North-East India and immunological profiling of venom against commercial antivenoms. Int J Biol Macromol 208:275\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.095","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"3643_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00291","volume":"17","author":"B Kalita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalita B, Patra A, Das A, Mukherjee AK (2018) Proteomic analysis and immuno-profiling of Eastern India Russell\u2019s Viper (Daboia russelii) Venom: correlation between RVV composition and clinical manifestations post RV Bite. J Proteome Res 17:2819\u20132833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00291","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"3643_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108381","author":"M Karthikeyan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karthikeyan M, Indhuprakash ST, Gopal G, Ambi SV, Krishnan UM, Diraviyam T (2022) Passive immunotherapy using chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against diarrheagenic E. coli: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108381","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3643_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.12.002","volume":"47","author":"AVM Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar AVM, Gowda TV (2006) Novel non-enzymatic toxic peptide of Daboia russelii (Eastern region) venom renders commercial polyvalent antivenom ineffective. Toxicon 47:398\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.12.002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3643_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31751-8","volume":"390","author":"T Lancet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lancet T (2017) Snake-bite envenoming: a priority neglected tropical disease. Lancet 390:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31751-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3643_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.01.006","volume":"143","author":"DK Machiah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Machiah DK, Girish KS, Gowda TV (2006) A glycoprotein from a folk medicinal plant, Withania somnifera, inhibits hyaluronidase activity of snake venoms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 143:158\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.01.006","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3643_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.11.026","volume":"99","author":"AK Mukherjee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mukherjee AK (2014) A major phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelii russelii venom shows potent anticoagulant action via thrombin inhibition and binding with plasma phospholipids. Biochimie 99:153\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.11.026","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"3643_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.024","volume":"188","author":"AK Mukherjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukherjee AK (2020) Species-specific and geographical variation in venom composition of two major cobras in Indian subcontinent: Impact on polyvalent antivenom therapy. Toxicon 188:150\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.10.024","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3643_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789450.2019.1609945","volume-title":"Quantitative proteomic analysis of venom from Southern India common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and identification of poorly immunogenic toxins by immune-profiling against commercial antivenom, expert review of proteomics","author":"A Patra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patra A, Chanda A, Mukherjee AK (2019) Quantitative proteomic analysis of venom from Southern India common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and identification of poorly immunogenic toxins by immune-profiling against commercial antivenom, expert review of proteomics. Taylor & Francis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789450.2019.1609945"},{"key":"3643_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.12.015","volume":"192","author":"A Patra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patra A, Banerjee D, Dasgupta S, Mukherjee AK (2021) The in vitro laboratory tests and mass spectrometry-assisted quality assessment of commercial polyvalent antivenom raised against the \u2018Big Four\u2019 venomous snakes of India. Toxicon 192:15\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2020.12.015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3643_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104256","author":"U Rashmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rashmi U, Khochare S, Attarde S, Laxme RRS, Suranse V, Martin G, Sunagar K (2021) Remarkable intrapopulation venom variability in the monocellate cobra (Naja kaouthia) unveils neglected aspects of India\u2019s snakebite problem. J Proteom. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2021.104256","journal-title":"J Proteom"},{"key":"3643_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010292","author":"VD Sandesha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandesha VD, Darshan B, Tejas C, Girish KS, Kempaiah K (2022) A comparative cross-reactivity and paraspecific neutralization study on Hypnale hypnale, Echis carinatus, and Daboia russelii monovalent and therapeutic polyvalent antivenoms. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010292","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007899","volume":"13","author":"RR Senji Laxme","year":"2019","unstructured":"Senji Laxme RR, Khochare S, de Souza HF, Ahuja B, Suranse V, Martin G, Whitaker R, Sunagar K (2019) Beyond the \u2018Big four\u2019: venom profiling of the medically important yet neglected Indian snakes reveals disturbing antivenom deficiencies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007899","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009150","volume":"15","author":"RR Senji Laxme","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senji Laxme RR, Attarde S, Khochare S, Suranse V, Martin G, Casewell NR, Whitaker R, Sunagar K (2021a) Biogeographical venom variation in the indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-india efficacious snakebite therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009150","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009247","volume":"15","author":"RR Senji Laxme","year":"2021","unstructured":"Senji Laxme RR, Khochare S, Attarde S, Suranse V, Iyer A, Casewell NR, Whitaker R, Martin G, Sunagar K (2021b) Biogeographic venom variation in Russell\u2019s viper (Daboia russelii) and the preclinical inefficacy of antivenom therapy in snakebite hotspots. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009247","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shashidharamurthy R, Kemparaju K (2006) Region specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: a comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical locations","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.08.014"},{"key":"3643_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.08.014","volume":"7","author":"RK Shashidharamurthy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shashidharamurthy RK, Kemparaju K (2007) Region-specific neutralization of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: a comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions. Int Immunopharmacol 7:61\u201369","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3643_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.10.007","volume":"132","author":"K Sintiprungrat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sintiprungrat K, Watcharatanyatip K, Senevirathne WDST, Chaisuriya P, Chokchaichamnankit D, Srisomsap C, Ratanabanangkoon K (2016) A comparative study of venomics of Naja naja from India and Sri Lanka, clinical manifestations and antivenomics of an Indian polyspecific antivenom. J Proteom 132:131\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.10.007","journal-title":"J Proteom"},{"key":"3643_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0014-y","volume":"21","author":"S Sudharshan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudharshan S, Dhananjaya BL (2015) Antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase A2 (VRV-PL-VIIIa) from Daboia russelii pulchella (Russell\u2019s viper) venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 21:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40409-015-0014-y","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3643_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54076","volume":"9","author":"W Suraweera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suraweera W, Warrell D, Whitaker R, Menon G, Rodrigues R, Fu SH, Begum R, Sati P, Piyasena K, Bhatia M, Brown P, Jha P (2020) Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study. Elife 9:1\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.54076","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"3643_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2014.07.006","volume":"105","author":"R Thakur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thakur R, Kumar A, Bose B, Panda D, Saikia D, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK (2014) A new peptide (Ruviprase) purified from the venom of Daboia russelii russelii shows potent anticoagulant activity via non-enzymatic inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa. Biochimie 105:149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2014.07.006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"3643_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanuopadath M, Raveendran D, Gopalakrishnan Nair B, Sadasivan Nair S (2020) Evaluating the Immunological cross-reactivity of Indian polyvalent antivenoms towards the venom of Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) from the Western Ghats. bioRxiv 2020.08.01.232579","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.01.232579"},{"key":"3643_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vijayaraghavan B, Ganesh SR (2015) Venomous snakes and snakebites in India. In: Toxinology: clinical toxinology in Asia Pacific and Africa, pp 1\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-6386-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6386-9"},{"key":"3643_CR44","first-page":"635","volume":"103","author":"R Whitaker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whitaker R, Whitaker S (2012) Venom, antivenom production and the medically important snakes of India. Curr Sci 103:635\u2013643","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"3643_CR45","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023) Snakebite envenoming key facts 1\u20134. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/snakebite-envenoming"},{"key":"3643_CR46","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020)  Study estimates more than one million Indians died from snakebite envenoming over past two decades, Departmental news. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/10-07-2020-study-estimates-more-than-one-million-indians-died-from-snakebite-envenoming-over-past-two-decades"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T05:05:01Z","timestamp":1705467901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03643-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}