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Systemic absorption after sunscreen use has been demonstrated in humans, and concerns have been raised about possible endocrine activity of HMS, making a general population exposure assessment desirable. In a previous study, it was shown that the oral bioavailability of\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -HMS (\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    HMS) is lower than that of\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    -HMS (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    HMS) by a factor of 10, calling for a separate evaluation of both isomers in exposure and risk assessment. The aim of the current study is the investigation of HMS toxicokinetics after dermal exposure. Four volunteers applied a commercial sunscreen containing 10% HMS to their whole body under regular-use conditions (18\u201340\u00a0mg HMS (kg bw)\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Parent HMS isomers and hydroxylated and carboxylic acid metabolites were quantified using authentic standards and isotope dilution analysis. Further metabolites were investigated semi-quantitatively. Elimination was delayed and slower compared to the oral route, and terminal elimination half-times were around 24\u00a0h. After dermal exposure, the bioavailability of\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    HMS was a factor of 2 lower than that of\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    HMS. However, metabolite ratios in relation to the respective parent isomer were very similar to the oral route, supporting the applicability of the oral-route urinary excretion fractions for dermal-route exposure assessments. Exemplary calculations of intake doses showed margins of safety between 11 and 92 (depending on the approach) after single whole-body sunscreen application. Human biomonitoring can reliably quantify oral and dermal HMS exposures and support the monitoring of exposure reduction measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03704-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T17:24:32Z","timestamp":1710437072000},"page":"1383-1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Toxicokinetics of homosalate in humans after dermal application: applicability of oral-route data for exposure assessment by human biomonitoring"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8900-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina E.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Griem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1056-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4074-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Hayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger M.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3704_CR1","unstructured":"American Academy of Dermatology (2023) How to apply sunscreen. https:\/\/www.aad.org\/public\/everyday-care\/sun-protection\/shade-clothing-sunscreen\/how-to-apply-sunscreen#. 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