{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:57:31Z","timestamp":1791050251909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001652","name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The chemical UV filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) is used in various personal-care products. The dermal and oral metabolism of EHS have already been targeted by different studies. However, toxicokinetic data after a single dermal exposure to EHS was missing. In our study, three volunteers were dermally exposed to a commercial EHS-containing sunscreen for 9\u00a0h with an application dose of 2\u00a0mg sunscreen per cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    body surface area. The exposure was performed indoors, and sunscreen was applied on about 75% of the total skin area. Complete urine voids were collected over 72\u00a0h and eight blood samples were drawn from each subject. Urine samples were analyzed for EHS and seven known metabolites (5OH-EHS, 4OH-EHS, 2OH-EHS, 6OH-EHS, 4oxo-EHS, 5oxo-EHS, and 5cx-EPS) by online-SPE UPLC MS\/MS. The peaks of urinary elimination occurred 10\u201311 h after application. The elimination half-lives (Phase 1) were between 6.6 and 9.7\u00a0h. The dominant urinary biomarkers were EHS itself, followed by 5OH-EHS, 5cx-EPS, 5oxo-EHS, and 4OH-EHS. 2OH-EHS, 6OH-EHS, and 4oxo-EHS were detected only in minor amounts. An enhanced analysis of conjugation species revealed marginal amounts of unconjugated metabolites and up to 40% share of sulfate conjugates for 5OH-EHS, 5oxo-EHS, and 5cx-EPS. The results demonstrated a delayed systemic resorption of EHS via the dermal route. Despite an extensive metabolism, the parent compound occurred as main urinary parameter. The delayed dermal resorption as well as the slow elimination of EHS indicate an accumulation up to toxicological relevant doses during daily repeated dermal application to large skin areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T14:02:37Z","timestamp":1723471357000},"page":"3259-3268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toxicokinetics of 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) and its seven metabolites in humans after controlled single dermal exposure to EHS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5037-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"G\u00f6en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4314-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.1906","volume":"35","author":"B Achour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Achour B, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J (2014) Protein expression of various hepatic uridine 5\u2019-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and their inter-correlations: a meta-analysis. Biopharm Drug Dispos 35(6):353\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdd.1906","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"3827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105","volume":"212","author":"C Apel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Apel C, Joerss H, Ebinghaus R (2018) Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas. Chemosphere 212:254\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"3827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180108160046","volume":"19","author":"SP den Braver-Sewradj","year":"2018","unstructured":"den Braver-Sewradj SP, den Braver MW, van Dijk M, Zhang Y, Dekker SJ, Wijaya L, Vermeulen NPE, Richert L, Commandeur JNM, Vos JC (2018) Inter-individual variability in activity of the major drug metabolizing enzymes in liver homogenates of 20 individuals. Curr Drug Metab 19(4):370\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389200219666180108160046","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"3827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.02.014","volume":"1110\u20131111","author":"D Bury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bury D, Br\u00fcning T, Koch HM (2019a) Determination of metabolites of the UV filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate in human urine by online-SPE-LC-MS\/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1110\u20131111:59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.02.014","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"3827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.001","volume":"309","author":"D Bury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bury D, Griem P, Wildemann T, Br\u00fcning T, Koch HM (2019b) Urinary metabolites of the UV filter 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate as biomarkers of exposure in humans. Toxicol Lett 309:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.001","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"3827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108334","volume":"182","author":"D Bury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bury D, Weber T, Ebert KE, Z\u00fclz S, Br\u00fcning T, Koch HM, Kolossa-Gehring M (2023) Increasing exposure to the UV filters octocrylene and 2-ethylhexyl salicylate in germany from 1996 to 2020: human biomonitoring in 24-h urine samples of the german environmental specimen bank (ESB). Environ Int 182:108334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108334","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"3827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.015","volume":"161","author":"SC Cunha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cunha SC, Trabal\u00f3n L, Jacobs S, Castro M, Fernandez-Tejedor M, Granby K, Verbeke W, Kwadijk C, Ferrari F, Robbens J, Sioen I, Pocurull E, Marques A, Fernandes JO, Domingo JL (2018) UV-filters and musk fragrances in seafood commercialized in Europe Union: Occurrence, risk and exposure assessment. Environ Res 161:399\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.015","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04438-0","volume":"415","author":"H Denghel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Denghel H, G\u00f6en T (2023) Comprehensive monitoring of a special mixture of prominent endocrine disrupting chemicals in human urine using a carefully adjusted hydrolysis of conjugates. Anal Bioanal Chem 415(4):555\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-022-04438-0","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"17","key":"3827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9694-x","volume":"25","author":"K Dhakal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dhakal K, Gadupudi GS, Lehmler H-J, Ludewig G, Duffel MW, Robertson LW (2018) Sources and toxicities of phenolic polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(17):16277\u201316290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-017-9694-x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"3827_CR10","unstructured":"Du Bois D, Du Bois EF (1989) A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. 1916. Nutr 5(5):303\u201311. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2520314"},{"key":"3827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European Union (2009) Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products. Off J Eur Union L 52(L 342):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3000\/17252555.L_2009.342.eng","DOI":"10.3000\/17252555.L_2009.342.eng"},{"key":"3827_CR12","unstructured":"European Union (2021) Allowed UV Filters: Annex VI, Regulation 1223\/2009\/EC on Cosmetic Products, as corrected by Corrigendum to Commission Regulation (EU) 2021\/850"},{"issue":"5","key":"3827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-023-03697-1","volume":"66","author":"HBM Commission","year":"2023","unstructured":"Commission HBM (2023) Stoffmonographie f\u00fcr Octisalat (Octylsalicylat, Ethylhexylsalicylat, EHS)\u2014HBM-Werte f\u00fcr die Metaboliten 5OH-EHS und 5cx-EPS im Urin von Erwachsenen und Kindern: Stellungnahme der Kommission \u201eHuman-Biomonitoring\u201c des Umweltbundesamtes. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 66(5):580\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-023-03697-1","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"9","key":"3827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02537-z","volume":"93","author":"J Hiller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hiller J, Klotz K, Meyer S, Uter W, Hof K, Greiner A, G\u00f6en T, Drexler H (2019) Toxicokinetics of urinary 2-ethylhexyl salicylate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-hydroxyhexyl salicylate in humans after simulating real-life dermal sunscreen exposure. Arch Toxicol 93(9):2565\u20132574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02537-z","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142486","volume":"755","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Law JC-F, Lam T-K, Leung KS-Y (2021) Risks of organic UV filters: a review of environmental and human health concern studies. Sci Total Environ 755(Pt 1):142486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142486","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.08.006","volume":"936","author":"I Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz I, Molina-Molina JM, Zafra-G\u00f3mez A, Ballesteros O, Naval\u00f3n A, Real M, S\u00e1enz JM, Fern\u00e1ndez MF, Olea N (2013) Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC-MS\/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 936:80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.08.006","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"3827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110263","volume":"200","author":"L Kuhlmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuhlmann L, Hiller J, G\u00f6en T (2024a) Stability of UV filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate and its glucuronide in human urine\u2014a challenge for robust human biomonitoring. Microchem J 200:110263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110263","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"3827_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126223","volume":"276","author":"L Kuhlmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuhlmann L, Hiller J, G\u00f6en T (2024b) Comprehensive assessment of the UV-filter 2-ethylhexyl salicylate and its Phase I\/II metabolites in urine by extended enzymatic hydrolysis and on-line SPE LC-MS\/MS. Talanta 276:126223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126223","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"3827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.07.912","author":"L Kuhlmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuhlmann L, G\u00f6en T, Hiller J (2024c) New metabolites of 2-ethylhexyl salicylate in human urine after simulated real-life dermal sunscreen application. Toxicol Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.07.912","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"3827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2006.06.016","volume":"79","author":"PY Kunz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kunz PY, Fent K (2006) Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2006.06.016","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"3827_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(72)90513-x","volume":"41","author":"K Larsen","year":"1972","unstructured":"Larsen K (1972) Creatinine assay by a reaction-kinetic principle. Clin Chim Acta 41:209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-8981(72)90513-x","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"23","key":"3827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10387","DOI":"10.1039\/d3fo02985a","volume":"14","author":"A Maci\u00e0","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maci\u00e0 A, Romero M-P, Pedret A, Sol\u00e0 R, Clifford MN, Rubi\u00f3-Piqu\u00e9 L (2023) Assessment of human inter-individual variability of phloretin metabolites in urine after apple consumption. AppleCOR Study Food Funct 14(23):10387\u201310400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3fo02985a","journal-title":"AppleCOR Study Food Funct"},{"issue":"3","key":"3827_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20747","volume":"323","author":"MK Matta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matta MK, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, Pilli NR, Patel V, Volpe DA, Yang Y, Oh L, Bashaw E, Zineh I, Sanabria C, Kemp S, Godfrey A, Adah S, Coelho S, Wang J, Furlong L-A, Ganley C, Michele T, Strauss DG (2020) Effect of sunscreen application on plasma concentration of sunscreen active ingredients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 323(3):256\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.20747","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3827_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034","volume":"670","author":"CL Mitchelmore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitchelmore CL, He K, Gonsior M, Hain E, Heyes A, Clark C, Younger R, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Feerick A, Conway A, Blaney L (2019) Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii. Sci Total Environ 670:398\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3827_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.01.004","volume":"19","author":"K Morohoshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morohoshi K, Yamamoto H, Kamata R, Shiraishi F, Koda T, Morita M (2005) Estrogenic activity of 37 components of commercial sunscreen lotions evaluated by in vitro assays. Toxicol in Vitro 19(4):457\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.01.004","journal-title":"Toxicol in Vitro"},{"issue":"5","key":"3827_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00150.x","volume":"20","author":"MD Palm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palm MD, O\u2019Donoghue MN (2007) Update on photoprotection. Dermatol Ther 20(5):360\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00150.x","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"3827_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.100472","volume":"57","author":"R Rai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rai R, Shanmuga SC, Srinivas C (2012) Update on photoprotection. Indian J Dermatol 57(5):335\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5154.100472","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3827_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0156","volume":"7","author":"A Rehfeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rehfeld A, Egeberg DL, Almstrup K, Petersen JH, Dissing S, Skakkeb\u00e6k NE (2018) EDC IMPACT: Chemical UV filters can affect human sperm function in a progesterone-like manner. Endocr Connect 7(1):16\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EC-17-0156","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"11","key":"3827_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.028399","volume":"37","author":"Z Riches","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riches Z, Stanley EL, Bloomer JC, Coughtrie MWH (2009) Quantitative evaluation of the expression and activity of five major sulfotransferases (SULTs) in human tissues: the SULT \u201cpie.\u201d Drug Metab Dispos 37(11):2255\u20132261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.109.028399","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"2","key":"3827_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.12.022","volume":"803","author":"V Sarveiya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sarveiya V, Risk S, Benson HAE (2004) Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 803(2):225\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.12.022","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"3827_CR31","unstructured":"Scientific Committee on Cosmetology (2000) Reports of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetology: (ninth series). Scientific Committee on Cosmetology, Vol 9. Publications Office, Luxembourg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3827_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2006.05046","volume":"17","author":"DW Shaw","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shaw DW (2006) Allergic contact dermatitis from octisalate and cis-3-hexenyl salicylate. Dermatitis 17(3):152\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/6620.2006.05046","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3827_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00942.x","volume":"56","author":"M Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh M, Beck MH (2007) Octyl salicylate: a new contact sensitivity. Contact Derm 56(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00942.x","journal-title":"Contact Derm"},{"issue":"5","key":"3827_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016012019483","volume":"13","author":"P Treffel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Treffel P, Gabard B (1996) Skin penetration and sun protection factor of ultra-violet filters from two vehicles. Pharm Res 13(5):770\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1016012019483","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3827_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12245","volume":"71","author":"W Uter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uter W, Gon\u00e7alo M, Yazar K, Kratz E-M, Mildau G, Lid\u00e9n C (2014) Coupled exposure to ingredients of cosmetic products: III. Ultraviolet Filters Contact Derm 71(3):162\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cod.12245","journal-title":"Ultraviolet Filters Contact Derm"},{"issue":"12","key":"3827_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)85471-3","volume":"35","author":"KA Walters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Walters KA, Brain KR, Howes D, James VJ, Kraus AL, Teetsel NM, Toulon M, Watkinson AC, Gettings SD (1997) Percutaneous penetration of octyl salicylate from representative sunscreen formulations through human skin in vitro. FCT 35(12):1219\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)85471-3","journal-title":"FCT"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T15:05:21Z","timestamp":1726412721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03827-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The ethics committee of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg approved the conduction of the study (Reg. No. 22\u2013142-B, 25.05.2022). The study was performed in accordance with all relevant ethical standards. All participants gave their written and informed consent for participation in the study and for the collection of blood and urine samples prior to inclusion in the study. No identifying information is included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}