{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:02:59Z","timestamp":1740106979343,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T09:30:19Z","timestamp":1727170219000},"page":"4187-4195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibody targeting the L-HN domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type F"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9612-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiyue","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shudi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiazheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiansheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunzhou","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1626","volume":"16","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Schmidt JJ, Stafford RG, Swaminathan S (2009) Mode of VAMP substrate recognition and inhibition of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin F. Nat Struct Mol Biol 16(7):789\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nsmb.1626","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3869_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00063-15","volume":"83","author":"BV Ayyar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ayyar BV, Aoki KR, Atassi MZ (2015a) The C-terminal heavy-chain domain of botulinum neurotoxin a is not the only site that binds neurons, as the N-terminal heavy-chain domain also plays a very active role in toxin-cell binding and interactions. Infect Immun 83(4):1465\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00063-15","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3869_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15776","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15776","volume":"5","author":"BV Ayyar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ayyar BV, Tajhya RB, Beeton C, Atassi MZ (2015b) Antigenic sites on the HN domain of botulinum neurotoxin A stimulate protective antibody responses against active toxin. Sci Rep 5:15776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep15776","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"3869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168577","volume":"22","author":"A Ben David","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ben David A, Barnea A, Diamant E et al (2021) Small molecule receptor binding inhibitors with in vivo efficacy against botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and E. Int J Mol Sci 22(16):8577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22168577","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3869_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40696-016-0017-4","volume":"2","author":"T Berger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berger T, Eisenkraft A, Bar-Haim E, Kassirer M, Aran AA, Fogel I (2016) Toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review. Disaster Mil Med 2:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40696-016-0017-4","journal-title":"Disaster Mil Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.104","volume":"16","author":"E Bomba-Warczak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bomba-Warczak E, Vevea JD, Brittain JM et al (2016) Interneuronal transfer and distal action of tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxins A and D in central neurons. Cell Rep 16(7):1974\u20131987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.104","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"3869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120834","volume":"13","author":"D Burgin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burgin D, Perier C, Hackett G et al (2021) New modified recombinant botulinum neurotoxin type f with enhanced potency. Toxins (Basel) 13(12):834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13120834","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"3869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.106981","volume":"222","author":"R Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan R, Chauhan Kushwah V, Agnihotri S, Vimal M, Saxena N, Dhaked RK (2023) Designing, synthesis and evaluation of derived analogues of selected small molecule non-peptidic inhibitors against serotype BoNT\/ F. Toxicon 222:106981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2022.106981","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010058","volume":"13","author":"S Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury S, Baker MR, Chatterjee S, Kumar H (2021) Botulinum toxin: an update on pharmacology and newer products in development. Toxins (Basel) 13(1):58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13010058","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"3869_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_342","volume":"263","author":"M Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong M, Stenmark P (2021) The structure and classification of botulinum toxins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 263:11\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2019_342","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3869_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174187","volume":"12","author":"Y Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan Y, Garcia-Rodriguez C, Lou J et al (2017) A three monoclonal antibody combination potently neutralizes multiple botulinum neurotoxin serotype F subtypes. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0174187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174187","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"3869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000245","volume":"4","author":"A Fischer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fischer A, Mushrush DJ, Lacy DB, Montal M (2008) Botulinum neurotoxin devoid of receptor binding domain translocates active protease. PLoS Pathog 4(12):e1000245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000245","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"16","key":"3869_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12721","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612721","volume":"24","author":"KS Gregory","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gregory KS, Hall PR, Onuh JP, Mojanaga OO, Liu SM, Acharya KR (2023) Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of a botulinum neurotoxin homologue from Enterococcus faecium: potential insights into substrate recognition. Int J Mol Sci 24(16):12721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241612721","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3869_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187127.92446.4c","volume":"65","author":"A Gupta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gupta A, Sumner CJ, Castor M, Maslanka S, Sobel J (2005) Adult botulism type F in the United States, 1981\u20132002. Neurology 65(11):1694\u20131700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187127.92446.4c","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"3869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.09.011","volume":"107","author":"KK Hill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hill KK, Xie G, Foley BT, Smith TJ (2015) Genetic diversity within the botulinum neurotoxin-producing bacteria and their neurotoxins. Toxicon 107(Pt A):2\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.09.011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16010030","volume":"16","author":"H Ibrahim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ibrahim H, Retailleau K, Hornby F, Maignel J, Beard M, Daly DM (2024) A novel catalytically inactive construct of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT\/A) directly inhibits visceral sensory signalling. Toxins (Basel) 16(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins16010030","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3869_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051181","volume":"20","author":"E Janik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janik E, Ceremuga M, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M (2019) Biological toxins as the potential tools for bioterrorism. Int J Mol Sci 20(5):1181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20051181","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1021\/ac504716v","volume":"87","author":"SR Kalb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalb SR, Baudys J, Raphael BH et al (2015) Functional characterization of botulinum neurotoxin serotype H as a hybrid of known serotypes F and A (BoNT F\/A). Anal Chem 87(7):3911\u20133917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac504716v","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14010014","volume":"14","author":"S Kosenina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kosenina S, Martinez-Carranza M, Davies JR, Masuyer G, Stenmark P (2021) Structural analysis of botulinum neurotoxins type B and E by Cryo-EM. Toxins (Basel) 14(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14010014","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3869_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/2338","volume":"5","author":"DB Lacy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lacy DB, Tepp W, Cohen AC, DasGupta BR, Stevens RC (1998) Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A and implications for toxicity. Nat Struct Biol 5(10):898\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/2338","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14020135","volume":"14","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Lu J, Tan X et al (2022) Functional EL-HN fragment as a potent candidate vaccine for the prevention of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E. Toxins (Basel) 14(2):135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14020135","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3869_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030200","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Li B, Lu J et al (2023) Biological and Immunological Characterization of a Functional L-HN Derivative of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F. Toxins (Basel) 15(3):200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15030200","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"14","key":"3869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.060","volume":"38","author":"FJ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu FJ, Shi DY, Mao YY et al (2020) Immunological characterisation and immunoprotective efficacy of functional domain antigens of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Vaccine 38(14):2978\u20132983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.060","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3869_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1697","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1697","volume":"13","author":"M Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu M, Li L, Jin D, Liu Y (2021) Nanobody-A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 13(4):e1697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wnan.1697","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050302","volume":"12","author":"T Matsumura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsumura T, Amatsu S, Misaki R et al (2020) Fully human monoclonal antibodies effectively neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin serotype B. Toxins (Basel) 12(5):302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins12050302","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15876-2","volume":"12","author":"J Mukherjee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mukherjee J, Ondeck CA, Tremblay JM et al (2022) Intramuscular delivery of formulated RNA encoding six linked nanobodies is highly protective for exposures to three Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes. Sci Rep 12(1):11664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-15876-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9010038","volume":"9","author":"MW Peck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peck MW, Smith TJ, Anniballi F et al (2017) Historical perspectives and guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature. Toxins (Basel) 9(1):38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins9010038","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.012658","volume":"69","author":"M Pirazzini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pirazzini M, Rossetto O, Eleopra R, Montecucco C (2017) Botulinum neurotoxins: biology, pharmacology, and toxicology. Pharmacol Rev 69(2):200\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.116.012658","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3869_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11090528","volume":"11","author":"C Rasetti-Escargueil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasetti-Escargueil C, Popoff MR (2019) Antibodies and vaccines against botulinum toxins: available measures and novel approaches. Toxins (Basel) 11(9):528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11090528","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3295","volume":"12","author":"O Rossetto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossetto O, Pirazzini M, Montecucco C (2014) Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights. Nat Rev Microbiol 12(8):535\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro3295","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3869_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10080311","volume":"10","author":"S Sikorra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sikorra S, Skiba M, Dorner MB et al (2018) Botulinum neurotoxin F subtypes cleaving the VAMP-2 Q(58)(-)K(59) peptide bond exhibit unique catalytic properties and substrate specificities. Toxins (Basel) 10(8):311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10080311","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3869_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010031","volume":"13","author":"DM Snow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snow DM, Cobb RR, Martinez J et al (2021) A monoclonal antibody combination against both serotypes A and B botulinum toxin prevents inhalational botulism in a guinea pig model. Toxins (Basel) 13(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13010031","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3869_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10050190","volume":"10","author":"DA Tehran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tehran DA, Pirazzini M (2018) Novel botulinum neurotoxins: exploring underneath the iceberg tip. Toxins (Basel) 10(5):190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins10050190","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3869_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100588","volume":"11","author":"L von Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"von Berg L, Stern D, Weisemann J, Rummel A, Dorner MB, Dorner BG (2019) Optimization of SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 cleavage by botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A-F employing taguchi design-of-experiments. Toxins (Basel) 11(10):588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins11100588","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3869_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00239-08","volume":"15","author":"YZ Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu YZ, Li N, Wang RL et al (2008) Evaluation of a recombinant Hc of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype F as an effective subunit vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15(12):1819\u20131823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.00239-08","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"3869_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30257","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30257","volume":"6","author":"I Zornetta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zornetta I, Azarnia Tehran D, Arrigoni G et al (2016) The first non Clostridial botulinum-like toxin cleaves VAMP within the juxtamembrane domain. Sci Rep 6:30257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep30257","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1729602295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03869-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0340-5761"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-0738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Guidelines for the Laboratory Animal Use and Care Committee of the Ministry of Health, China were followed when carrying out this study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (approval numbers IACUC-DWZX-2022\u2013007 and IACUC-DWZX-2023\u2013037).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}