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Novel compounds are developed by minor modifications in their chemical structure, e.g. insertion of a carboxamide moiety as a linker, which can potentially lead to altered toxicokinetics (TK). Knowledge on the TK data of SCs, especially structural modified substances, is scarce. Hence, interpretation of toxicological results is challenging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the TK of <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA in a pig model, which was shown to be suitable for TK studies of SCs. A 200\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg body weight dose of <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA was administered intravenously (n\u2009=\u20096) or inhalatively (n\u2009=\u200910) via an ultrasonic nebulizer to pigs. Blood specimens were repeatedly drawn over 6\u00a0h and the concentrations of <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA as well as its <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-pentanoic acid (NPA) metabolite were determined using a fully validated LC\u2013MS\/MS method. Based on the concentration\u2013time profiles, a population TK analysis yielded a three-compartment model for the TK of <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA, whilst a two-compartment model described the NPA best. The incorporation of transit compartments accounts for the time delay between the appearance of <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA and NPA in serum. Finally, the model was upscaled to humans using allometric scaling. In comparison to older SCs, a higher volume of distribution was determined for <jats:italic>cumyl<\/jats:italic>-5F-P7AICA. No further relevant differences of the TK properties were observed. Insertion of a carboxamide moiety into the chemical structure of SCs does not appear to have only minor influence on the TK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03906-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T14:21:34Z","timestamp":1733322094000},"page":"633-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does a carboxamide moiety alter the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids? 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