{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:11:53Z","timestamp":1771467113522,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Training Partnership"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Training Partnership"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Senate Research Funding, Department of Research Development, University of the Western Cape"},{"name":"Meerwissen","award":["African penguins"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["African penguins"]}]},{"name":"Meerwissen","award":["blue economy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["blue economy"]}]},{"name":"Building a foundation to prevent extinction","award":["19.2036.2-002.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19.2036.2-002.00"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH","award":["19.2036.2-002.00\/ZV81255032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19.2036.2-002.00\/ZV81255032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007537","name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020000285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020000285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003504","name":"University of the Western Cape","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) pose a significant threat to human and ecosystem health due to their persistence, bioaccumulation in higher trophic levels, and potential toxicity. While in vivo models are commonly used for toxicity screening, developing alternative in vitro techniques for rapid environmental risk assessment is essential. Spermatozoa, with their compartmentalized structure, measurable characteristics and sensitivity to environmental changes, offer potential as an in vitro model for toxicity screening. We evaluated the impact of selected CECs, including pharmaceuticals and pesticides, on sperm function in highly motile sperm subpopulations selected from donor semen. Standardised protocols were applied to assess various sperm functional parameters after 1\u20134 h of exposure to either individual or a mixture of chemicals. Our findings revealed that total motility is insufficient to detect subtle toxic effect. More responsive measures, such as sperm kinematics, induced hyperactivation, viability,\u00a0mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)\u00a0and presence of\u00a0reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u00a0should be assessed to elucidate the effect of a toxic environment on sperm function. Most chemicals exerted a dose\u2013response effect on sperm parameters, with the higher concentrations resulting in the most negative effects. The inherent sensitivity of human spermatozoa to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism, makes them a robust model for assessing toxicity.\u00a0These features highlight their utility as an alternative cellular model for evaluating CECs and advancing risk assessment methodologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T04:05:02Z","timestamp":1746245102000},"page":"2937-2952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Human sperm as an in vitro toxicity model: a versatile tool for assessing the risk of environmental contaminants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Shannen","family":"Keyser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan T. D.","family":"Davidse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Petrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4147-4221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana","family":"Maree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246708","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2023.1246708","volume":"5","author":"SO Abarikwu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abarikwu SO, Ezim OE, Ikeji CN, Farombi EO (2023) Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemo-preventive Interventions. Front Toxicol 5:1246708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ftox.2023.1246708","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"key":"4035_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103724","volume":"87","author":"RK Abdel-Razik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdel-Razik RK, Mosallam EM, Hamed NA, Badawy ME, Abo-El-Saad MM (2021) Testicular deficiency associated with exposure to cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos in adult rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 87:103724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103724","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"4035_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(90)90116-B","volume":"4","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"1990","unstructured":"Aitken RJ (1990) Development of in vitro tests of human sperm function: a diagnostic tool and model system for toxicological analyses. In Vitro Toxicol 4(4\u20135):560\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0887-2333(90)90116-B","journal-title":"In Vitro Toxicol"},{"key":"4035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103267","volume":"94","author":"V Akbarinejad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akbarinejad V, Fathi R, Shahverdi A, Esmaeili V, Rezagholizadeh A, Ghaleno LR (2020) The relationship of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate content, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and kinematic properties in warmblood stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 94:103267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103267","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7912-6","volume":"24","author":"EA Alaa-Eldin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alaa-Eldin EA, El-Shafei DA, Abouhashem NS (2017) Individual and combined effect of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on reproductive system of adult male albino rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:1532\u20131543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-016-7912-6","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"30","key":"4035_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705601114","volume":"114","author":"G Alavioon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alavioon G, Hotzy C, Nakhro K, Rudolf S, Scofield DG, Zajitschek S, Maklakov AA, Immler S (2017) Haploid selection within a single ejaculate increases offspring fitness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114(30):8053\u20138058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1705601114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"4035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14021","volume":"53","author":"SA Banihani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banihani SA (2021) Effect of diclofenac on semen quality: a review. Andrologia 53(5):e14021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.14021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"4035_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-021-03713-7","volume":"194","author":"RS Bhende","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhende RS, Jhariya U, Srivastava S, Bombaywala S, Das S, Dafale NA (2022) Environmental distribution, metabolic fate, and degradation mechanism of chlorpyrifos: recent and future perspectives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194:2301\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-021-03713-7","journal-title":"Appl Biochem Biotechnol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac189","volume":"37","author":"Bjorndahl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rndahl et al (2022) Standards in semen examination: publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology. Hum Reprod 37(11):2497\u20132502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deac189","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"4035_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2022.835360","volume":"4","author":"B Boizet-Bonhoure","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boizet-Bonhoure B, D\u00e9jardin S, Rossitto M, Poulat F, Philibert P (2022) Using experimental models to decipher the effects of acetaminophen and NSAIDs on reproductive development and health. Front Toxicol 4:835360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ftox.2022.835360","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v48i3.7","volume":"48","author":"NH Boshoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boshoff NH, Lambrechts H, Maree L, Cloete SWP, Van der Horst G (2018) A novel flush technique to simulate natural dispersal of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract and expedite motility assessment of fresh ejaculated Merino (Ovis aries) sperm. S Afr J Anim Sci 48(3):469\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/sajas.v48i3.7","journal-title":"S Afr J Anim Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118212","volume":"248","author":"S Bosu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bosu S, Rajamohan N, Al Salti S, Rajasimman M, Das P (2024) Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos pollution from contaminated environment-A review on operating variables and mechanism. Environ Res 248:118212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118212","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02847-y","volume":"4","author":"JB Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown JB, Langley SA, Snijders AM, Wan KH, Morris SNS, Booth BW, Fisher WW, Hammonds AS, Park S, Weiszmann R, Yu C (2021) An integrated host-microbiome response to atrazine exposure mediates toxicity in Drosophila. Commun Biol 4(1):1324","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3460","volume":"35","author":"W Busch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Busch W, Schmidt S, K\u00fchne R, Schulze T, Krauss M, Altenburger R (2016) Micropollutants in European rivers: a mode of action survey to support the development of effect-based tools for water monitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 35(8):1887\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.3460","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"4035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2021.05.011","volume":"103","author":"C Castellini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castellini C, Di Giammarco N, D\u2019Andrea S, Parisi A, Totaro M, Francavilla S, Francavilla F, Barbonetti A (2021) Effects of bisphenol S and bisphenol F on human spermatozoa: An in vitro study. Reprod Toxicol 103:58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2021.05.011","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.5038","volume":"178","author":"YH Chiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE (2022) Association between pesticide residue intake from consumption of fruits and vegetables and pregnancy outcomes among women undergoing infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology. JAMA Intern Med 178(1):17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.5038","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4035_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12122278","volume":"12","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Sakr H, Al-Huseini I, Jetti R, Al-Qasmi S, Sugavasi R, Sirasanagandla SR (2023) Atrazine toxicity: the possible role of natural products for effective treatment. Plants 12(12):2278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants12122278","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"4035_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.667","volume":"30","author":"JM Diamond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diamond JM, Latimer HA II, Munkittrick KR, Thornton KW, Bartell SM, Kidd KA (2011) Prioritizing contaminants of emerging concern for ecological screening assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 30:2385\u20132394","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"4035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/jai.12062","volume":"28","author":"GJ Dietrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dietrich GJ, Ciereszko A, Kowalski RK, Rzemieniecki A, Bogdan E, Demianowicz W, Dietrich M, Kujawa R, Glogowski J (2012) Motility and fertilizing capacity of frozen\/thawed sperm of S iberian sturgeon after a short-time exposure of fresh semen to mercury and cadmium. J Appl Ichthyol 28(6):973\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jai.12062","journal-title":"J Appl Ichthyol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10043","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810043","volume":"22","author":"S Dutta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutta S, Sengupta P, Slama P, Roychoudhury S (2021) Oxidative stress, testicular inflammatory pathways, and male reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 22(18):10043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221810043","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2023.05.003","volume":"369","author":"BC Ekeoma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ekeoma BC, Ekeoma LN, Yusuf M, Haruna A, Ikeogu CK, Merican ZMA, Kamyab H, Pham CQ, Vo DN, Chelliapan S (2023) Recent advances in the biocatalytic mitigation of emerging pollutants: a comprehensive review. J Biotech 369:14\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2023.05.003","journal-title":"J Biotech"},{"issue":"6476","key":"4035_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6636","volume":"367","author":"BI Escher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Escher BI, Stapleton HM, Schymanski EL (2020) Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in our changing environment. Science 367(6476):388\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aay6636","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"4035_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03485-5","volume":"97","author":"BI Escher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Escher BI, Altenburger R, Bl\u00fcher M, Colbourne JK, Ebinghaus R, Fantke P, Hein M, K\u00f6ck W, K\u00fcmmerer K, Leipold S, Li X (2023) Modernizing persistence\u2013bioaccumulation\u2013toxicity (PBT) assessment with high throughput animal-free methods. Arch Toxicol 97(5):1267\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03485-5","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.425","volume":"63","author":"F Francavilla","year":"2000","unstructured":"Francavilla F, Santucci R, Macerola B, Ruvolo G, Romano R (2000) Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in human sperm affects sperm-oocyte fusion but not zona pellucida binding. Biol Reprod 63(2):425\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.425","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-016-2069-z","volume":"34","author":"IA Freires","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freires IA, Sardi JDCO, de Castro RD, Rosalen PL (2017) Alternative animal and non-animal models for drug discovery and development: bonus or burden? Pharm Res 34:681\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-016-2069-z","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"4035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03595-0","volume":"97","author":"IA Freires","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freires IA, Morelo DFC, Soares LFF, Costa IS, de Ara\u00fajo LP, Breseghello I, Abdalla HB, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Pigossi SC, Franchin M (2023) Correction to: Progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research. Arch Toxicol 97(11):3021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-023-03595-0","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4035_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13245-6","volume":"28","author":"SE Gallego-R\u00edos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gallego-R\u00edos SE, Atencio-Garc\u00eda VJ, Pe\u00f1uela GA (2021) Effect of ibuprofen in vivo and in vitro on the sperm quality of the striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:36133\u201336141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13245-6","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0145","volume":"149","author":"S Ghersevich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghersevich S, Massa E, Zumoffen C (2015) Oviductal secretion and gamete interaction. Reproduction 149(1):R1\u2013R14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-14-0145","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"4035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351739","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51739","volume":"9","author":"FS Gruber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gruber FS, Johnston ZC, Barratt CLR, Andrews PD (2020) A phenotypic screening platform utilising human spermatozoa identifies compounds with contraceptive activity. Elife 9:351739","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"10","key":"4035_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13141","volume":"50","author":"F Hardneck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hardneck F, Israel G, Pool E, Maree L (2018) Quantitative assessment of heavy metal effects on sperm function using computer-aided sperm analysis and cytotoxicity assays. Andrologia 50(10):e13141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.13141","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"4035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.3990\/ijerph18126200","volume":"18","author":"F Hardneck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hardneck F, de Villiers C, Maree L (2021) Effect of copper sulphate and cadmium chloride on non-human primate sperm function in vitro. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:6200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3990\/ijerph18126200","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"4035_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.7.1878","volume":"13","author":"CA Hargreaves","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hargreaves CA, Rogers S, Hills F, Rahman F, Howell RJ, Homa ST (1998) Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro. Hum Reprod 13(7):1878\u20131886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/13.7.1878","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"4035_CR34","first-page":"8","volume":"2","author":"EA Holt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holt EA, Miller SW (2011) Bioindicators: Using Organisms to Measure Environmental Impacts. Nature Education Knowledge 2(2):8","journal-title":"Nature Education Knowledge"},{"issue":"9","key":"4035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8207","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098207","volume":"24","author":"M Hoxha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoxha M, Barbonetti A, Zappacosta B (2023) Arachidonic acid pathways and male fertility: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 24(9):8207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24098207","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804667-8.00003-1","author":"AK Jain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jain AK, Singh D, Dubey K, Maurya R, Mittal S, Pandey AK (2018) Models and methods for in vitro toxicity. In Vitro Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-804667-8.00003-1","journal-title":"In Vitro Toxicol"},{"key":"4035_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00055","volume":"2","author":"HA Jeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeng HA (2014) Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health. Front Public Health 2:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00055","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"4035_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00039","volume":"10","author":"C Kassotis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kassotis C, Stapleton HM (2019) Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol 10:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00039","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR39","first-page":"140","volume":"16","author":"S Keyser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keyser S, Van Der Horst G, Maree L (2022) New approaches to define the functional competency of human sperm subpopulations and its relationship to semen quality. Int J Fertil Steril 16(3):140","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"4035_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0541-x","volume":"44","author":"T Koll\u00e1r","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koll\u00e1r T, K\u00e1sa E, Csorbai B, Urb\u00e1nyi B, Csenki-Bakos Z, Horv\u00e1th \u00c1 (2018) In vitro toxicology test system based on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm analysis. Fish Physiol Biochem 44:1577\u20131589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10695-018-0541-x","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"6399","key":"4035_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9219","volume":"361","author":"A Kortenkamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kortenkamp A, Faust M (2018) Regulate to reduce chemical mixture e risk. Science 361(6399):224\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aat9219","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"4035_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06098","volume":"56","author":"MB Kosnik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kosnik MB, Hauschild MZ, Fantke P (2022) Toward assessing absolute environmental sustainability of chemical pollution. Environ Sci Technol 56(8):4776\u20134787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c06098","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.20883\/jms.2016.5","volume":"85","author":"M Kotwicka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kotwicka M, Skibinska I, Piworun N, Jendraszak M, Chmielewska M, Jedrzejczak P (2016) Bisphenol A modifies human spermatozoa motility in vitro. J Med Sci 85(1):39\u201345","journal-title":"J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2017.1394325","volume":"38","author":"F Kutluyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutluyer F, Kocaba\u015f M, Eri\u015fir M, Benzer F (2019) Effect of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos exposure on oxidative stress and quality of Salmo coruhensis spermatozoa. Toxin Rev 38(1):71\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15569543.2017.1394325","journal-title":"Toxin Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"4035_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182483","volume":"12","author":"V Lazzara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lazzara V, Mauro M, Celi M, Cammilleri G, Vizzini A, Luparello C, Bellini P, Ferrantelli V, Vazzana M (2022) Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Fertilization and Embryo Development in the Arbacia lixula Sea Urchin. Animals 12(18):2483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12182483","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.09.005","volume":"188","author":"ZH Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li ZH, Li P, Dzyuba B, Randak T (2010) Influence of environmental related concentrations of heavy metals on motility parameters and antioxidant responses in sturgeon sperm. Chem -Biol Interact 188(3):473\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.09.005","journal-title":"Chem -Biol Interact"},{"key":"4035_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17197-9","author":"B Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li B, Wang Y, Zhao H, Yin K, Liu Y, Wang D, Zong H, Xing M (2022) Oxidative stress is involved in the activation of NF-\u03baB signal pathway and immune inflammatory response in grass carp gill induced by cypermethrin and\/or sulfamethoxazole. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-17197-9","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"4035_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091473","volume":"9","author":"A L\u00f3pez-Botella","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Botella A, Velasco I, Aci\u00e9n M, S\u00e1ez-Espinosa P, Todol\u00ed-Torr\u00f3 JL, S\u00e1nchez-Romero R, G\u00f3mez-Torres MJ (2021) Impact of heavy metals on human male fertility-an overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 9:1473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10091473","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4035_CR49","first-page":"157","volume":"20","author":"E Madorran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Madorran E, Sto\u017eer A, Bevc S, Maver U (2020) In vitro toxicity model: Upgrades to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research. Biomol Biomed 20(2):157\u2013168","journal-title":"Biomol Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"4035_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11040330","volume":"11","author":"D Marcu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marcu D, Keyser S, Petrik L, Fuhrimann S, Maree L (2023) Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) and Male Reproductive Health: Challenging the Future with a Double-Edged Sword. Toxics 11(4):330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics11040330","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"4035_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.08.617222","author":"D Marcu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marcu D, Cohen-Krais J, Godden A, Alavioon G, Martins C, Almstrup K, Saalbach G, Immler S (2024) Within-ejaculate haploid selection reduces disease biomarkers in human sperm. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.10.08.617222","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"4035_CR52","unstructured":"Microptic S.L. (2022) Vitality slides SCA Protocol. Available from: https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/documents-support\/protocols\/. Accessed 5 May 2024"},{"issue":"47","key":"4035_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16501","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407708101","volume":"101","author":"K Miki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miki K, Qu W, Goulding EH, Willis WD, Bunch DO, Strader LF, Perreault SD, Eddy EM, O\u2019Brien DA (2004) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-S, a sperm-specific glycolytic enzyme, is required for sperm motility and male fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101(47):16501\u201316506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0407708101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01773-9","volume":"60","author":"DC Miller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miller DC, Hollenbeck BK, Smith GD, Randolph JF, Christman GM, Smith YR, Lebovic DI, Ohl DA (2002) Processed total motile sperm count correlates with pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination. Urology 60(3):497\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01773-9","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4035_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9607","DOI":"10.55251\/jmbfs.9607","volume":"13","author":"L Mohammedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammedi L, Messa\u00ef A, Ouamane H, Bencharif S, Touazi L, Iguer-Ouada M (2024) In vivo effect of ampicillin, enrofloxacin, colistin, and sulfonamides on sperm parameters in breeding roosters. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci 13(5):e9607","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4035_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00231.x","volume":"12","author":"I Mor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mor I, Sklan EH, Podoly E, Pick M, Kirschner M, Yogev L, Bar-Sheshet Itach S, Schreiber L, Geyer B, Mor T, Grisaru D (2008) Acetylcholinesterase-R increases germ cell apoptosis but enhances sperm motility. J Cell Mol Med 12(2):479\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00231.x","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4035_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11120799","volume":"11","author":"S Moreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreira S, Pereira SC, Seco-Rovira V, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Pereira MDL (2021) Pesticides and male fertility: A dangerous crosstalk. Metabolites 11(12):799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo11120799","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"4035_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051098","volume":"12","author":"E Moretti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moretti E, Signorini C, Corsaro R, Giamalidi M, Collodel G (2023) Human Sperm as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements during sperm Handling: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants 12:1098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12051098","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"4035_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195065954.001.0001","volume-title":"Practical Laboratory Andrology","author":"D Mortimer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mortimer D (1994) Practical Laboratory Andrology. Oxford University Press on Demand, New York"},{"issue":"12","key":"4035_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gay040","volume":"24","author":"D Mortimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mortimer D (2018) The functional anatomy of the human spermatozoon: relating ultrastructure and function. Mol Hum Reprod 24(12):567\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gay040","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"4035_CR61","series-title":"Humana Press","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Spermatogenesis, Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"D Mortimer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mortimer D, Mortimer ST (2013) Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) of Sperm Motility and Hyperactivation. In: Carrell D, Aston K (eds) Spermatogenesis, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 927. Humana Press. Totowa, NJ, pp 77\u201387"},{"issue":"5","key":"4035_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.610","volume":"18","author":"P Nagpal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagpal P, Singh RV (2004) Toxicological effects, biological aspects and spectral characterization of organoboron (III) complexes of sulfonamide-imines. Appl Organomet Chem 18(5):221\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aoc.610","journal-title":"Appl Organomet Chem"},{"key":"4035_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106616","volume":"156","author":"R Naidu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naidu R, Biswas B, Willett IR, Cribb J, Singh BK, Nathanail CP, Coulon F, Semple KT, Jones KC, Barclay A, Aitken RJ (2021) Chemical pollution: a growing peril and potential catastrophic risk to humanity. Environ Int 156:106616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106616","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"4035_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M150207","DOI":"10.5935\/MedicalExpress.2015.02.07","volume":"2","author":"FY Nakano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakano FY, Le\u00e3o RDBF, Esteves SC (2015) Insights into the role of cervical mucus and vaginal pH in unexplained infertility. MedicalExpress 2(2):M150207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/MedicalExpress.2015.02.07","journal-title":"MedicalExpress"},{"issue":"13","key":"4035_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8280","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02235","volume":"54","author":"PA Neale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neale PA, Braun G, Brack W, Carmona E, Gunold R, K\u00f6nig M, Krauss M, Liebmann L, Liess M, Link M, Sch\u00e4fer RB, Schlichting R, Schreiner VC, Schulze T, Vormeier P, Weisner O, Escher BI (2020) Assessing the Mixture Effects in In Vitro Bioassays of Chemicals Occurring in Small Agricultural Streams during Rain Events. Environ Sci Technol 54(13):8280\u20138290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.0c02235","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4035_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"U.S. NAS (2017) Using 21st century science to improve risk-related evaluations. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24635.","DOI":"10.17226\/24635"},{"issue":"6","key":"4035_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00382-3","volume":"70","author":"MK O\u2019Bryan","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Bryan MK, Zini A, Cheng CY, Schlegel PN (1998) Human sperm endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression: correlation with sperm motility. Fertil Steril 70(6):1143\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00382-3","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/78.s1.187b","volume":"78","author":"F Odet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Odet F, Duan C, Willis W, Goulding E, Kung A, Eddy M, Goldberg E (2008) Lactate dehydrogenase-C-4 (LDH-C-4) is essential for sperm function. Biol Reprod 78(1):187","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"4035_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5053","volume":"41","author":"CY Ojemaye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ojemaye CY, Petrik L (2022) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the marine environment around False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa: Occurrence and risk\u2014Assessment study. Environ Toxicol Chem 41:614\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5053","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"4035_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140346","volume":"738","author":"CY Ojemaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ojemaye CY, Onwordi CT, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Petrik L (2020) Presence and risk assessment of herbicides in the marine environment of Camps Bay (Cape Town, South Africa). Sci Total Environ 738:140346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140346","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4035_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146057","volume":"778","author":"CY Ojemaye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ojemaye CY, Onwordi CT, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Petrik L (2021) Herbicides in Camps Bay (Cape Town, South Africa), supplemented. Sci Total Environ 778:146057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146057","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"4035_CR72","first-page":"93","volume":"2","author":"D Oputiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oputiri D, Elias A (2014) Impact of co-administered lopinavir\/ritonavir and sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim on reproductive indices of male albino rats. Am J Pharmacol Sci 2(5):93\u201399","journal-title":"Am J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113598","volume":"172","author":"NK Panchal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panchal NK, Sabina EP (2023) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A current insight into its molecular mechanism eliciting organ toxicities. Food Chem Toxicol 172:113598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113598","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04158","volume":"56","author":"L Persson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Persson L, Carney Almroth BM, Collins CD, Cornell S, De Wit CA, Diamond ML, Fantke P, Hassell\u00f6v M, MacLeod M, Ryberg MW, S\u00f8gaard J\u00f8rgensen P (2022) Outside the safe operating space of the planetary boundary for novel entities. Environ Sci Technol 56(3):1510\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.1c04158","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4035_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2018\/a0244C","volume":"113","author":"L Petrik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petrik L, Green L, Abegunde AP, Zackon M, Sanusi CY, Barnes J (2017) Desalination and seawater quality at Green Point, Cape Town: A study on the effects of marine sewage outfalls. S Afr J Sci 113:1\u201310","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"4035_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133087","volume":"367","author":"K Poonia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poonia K, Hasija V, Singh P, Khan AAP, Thakur S, Thakur VK, Mukherjee S, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM, Raizada P (2022) Photocatalytic degradation aspects of atrazine in water: Enhancement strategies and mechanistic insights. J Clean Prod 367:133087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133087","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199901)178:1<85::AID-JCP11>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"178","author":"A Revelli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Revelli A, Soldati G, Costamagna C, Pellerey O, Aldieri E, Massobrio M, Bosia A, Ghigo D (1999) Follicular fluid proteins stimulate nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human sperm: a possible role for NO in acrosomal reaction. J Cell Physiol 178(1):85\u201392","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4035_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv042","volume":"21","author":"D Sakkas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakkas D, Ramalingam M, Garrido N, Barratt CLR (2015) Sperm selection in natural conception: what can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes? Hum Reprod Update 21(6):711\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmv042","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"10","key":"4035_CR79","first-page":"625","volume":"15","author":"E Salarkia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salarkia E, Sepehri G, Torabzadeh P, Abshenas J, Saberi A (2017) Effects of administration of co-trimoxazole and folic acid on sperm quality and histological changes of testes in male rats. Int J Reprod Biomed 15(10):625\u2013634","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"4035_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.186874","volume":"18","author":"P Santolaria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santolaria P, Soler C, Recreo P, Carretero T, Bono A, Bern\u00e9 JM, Y\u00e1niz JL (2016) Morphometric and kinematic sperm subpopulations in split ejaculates of normozoospermic men. Asian J Androl 18(6):831\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1008-682X.186874","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60033-3","volume":"9","author":"B Sarosiek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarosiek B, Pietrusewicz M, Radziwoniuk J, Glogowski J (2009) The effect of copper, zinc, mercury and cadmium on some sperm enzyme activities in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Reprod Biol 9(3):295\u2013301","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"4035_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-8-15","volume":"8","author":"S Sauv\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sauv\u00e9 S, Desrosiers M (2014) A review of what is an emerging contaminant. Chem Cent J 8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-153X-8-15","journal-title":"Chem Cent J"},{"key":"4035_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736647","volume":"539","author":"O Shaliutina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaliutina O, Materiienko A, Shaliutina-Kole\u0161ov\u00e1 A, Gazo I (2021) Using fish spermatozoa in in vitro toxicity tests: a potential toxicology tool. Aquaculture 539:736647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736647","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"4035_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-022-05589-x","volume":"173","author":"AP Sysoeva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sysoeva AP, Nepsha OS, Makarova NP, Silachev DN, Lobanova NN, Timofeeva AV, Shevtsova YA, Bragina EE, Kalinina EA (2022) Influence of extracellular vesicles from the follicular fluid of young women and women of advanced maternal age with different miRNA profiles on sperm functional properties. Bulletin Exp Biol Med 173(4):560\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10517-022-05589-x","journal-title":"Bulletin Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"4035_CR22","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (2021) New Approach Methods Work Plan (v2). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA\/600\/X-21\/209."},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555629","DOI":"10.19080\/AIBM.2017.04.555629","volume":"4","author":"T Vallaeys","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vallaeys T, Klink SP, Fleouter E, Le Moing B, Lignot JH, Smith AJ (2017) Bioindicators of marine contaminations at the frontier of environmental monitoring and environmental genomics. Adv Biotech Micro 4(1):555629","journal-title":"Adv Biotech Micro"},{"issue":"3","key":"4035_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050","volume":"33","author":"LN Vandenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR Jr, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT (2012) Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 33(3):378\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2011-1050","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14010054","volume":"14","author":"T Vollmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vollmer T, Stegmayr B (2022) Establishing Cell Models to Understand Cellular Toxicity: Lessons Learned from an Unconventional Cell Type. Toxins 14(1):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14010054","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"1","key":"4035_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50929-z","volume":"9","author":"T Vollmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vollmer T, Ljungberg B, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Glorieux G, Stegmayr BG (2019) An in-vitro assay using human spermatozoa to detect toxicity of biologically active substances. Sci Rep 9(1):14525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-50929-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4035_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100612","volume":"5","author":"F Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang F, Xiang L, Leung KSY et al (2024) Emerging contaminants: a One Health perspective. The Innovation 5(4):100612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100612","journal-title":"The Innovation"},{"key":"4035_CR90","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO (2021) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, 6th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva","edition":"6"},{"issue":"20","key":"4035_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310(20):2191\u20132194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4035_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109785","volume":"188","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Cui W, Wang KE, Chen R, Chen M, Lan K, Wei Y, Pan C, Lan X (2020) Chlorpyrifos inhibits sperm maturation and induces a decrease in mouse male fertility. Environ Res 188:109785","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"4035_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13396-6","volume":"28","author":"S Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu S, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang S, Wang Z (2021) Meta-analysis and experimental validation identified atrazine as a toxicant in the male reproductive system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:37482\u201337497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13396-6","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T13:52:12Z","timestamp":1750859532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04035-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study did not involve clinical studies or patient data. The study received ethical approval from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Western Cape (BM20\/9\/12) and adhered to the Helsinki Declaration (World Medical Association ) for research involving humans. Donors provided informed consent and completed a health questionnaire before participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}