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Polychlorinated biphenyl 11 (PCB 11), a lower-chlorinated, non-legacy congener, is detected in human serum, including pregnant women and children; however, its impact during these sensitive life stages remains poorly understood. This study presents the first comprehensive hepatic proteome analysis of mouse dams exposed to PCB 11 during pregnancy and lactation. Female C57BL\/6\u00a0J mice received daily oral doses of PCB 11 (0, 1.0 or 6.0\u00a0mg\/kg) prior to conception through lactation. At postpartum day 21, brain, liver, and serum samples were analyzed for PCB 11 and its metabolites, and hepatic proteomic changes were assessed. Low detection of PCB 11 and its metabolites was observed in tissues, suggesting rapid clearance. Metabolite screening revealed OH-PCB 11, PCB 11 sulfate, and OH-PCB 11 sulfate metabolites in serum. Global proteomics identified significant alterations in hepatic protein expression, including downregulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, solute carriers, and enzymes involved in fatty acid and steroid metabolism. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated disruptions in xenobiotic metabolism and endocrine pathways. These findings suggest that PCB 11 exposure during pregnancy and lactation impairs hepatic detoxification and metabolic capacity, potentially compromising maternal and offspring health. This work highlights the need for further investigation into the long-term consequences of PCB 11 exposure during pregnancy and lactation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04241-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T19:19:01Z","timestamp":1765221541000},"page":"943-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) alters the hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver of mouse dams exposed orally during pregnancy and lactation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8453-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal M.","family":"Roach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0558-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nate R.","family":"Koester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueshu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-1876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghyeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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Lein was hired as an expert witness by lawyers representing a group of plaintiffs alleging they were harmed by exposure to PCBs in school air. In that capacity, she testified as an expert witness on PCB neurotoxicity. The defendant was Pharmacia, a successor company to Monsanto. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted as part of a larger PCB developmental neurotoxicity study performed at the University of California, Davis, and were reviewed and approved in accordance with all Public Health Service policies and the National Research Council\u2019s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, NIH Publication No. 85\u201323, revised 2010, as approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of California, Davis (Protocol # A3433-01). Information regarding the animal study is presented in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The author(s) used ChatGPT (chat.openai.com) and Grammarly (\n                      \n                      ) to edit sections of the paper. After using these tools\/services, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}}]}}