{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:31:04Z","timestamp":1787671864839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Toxic explosives leaking from submerged munitions appear as an emerging marine pollutant in recent years. The nitroaromatic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is of particular interest in this context. TNT poses a threat to marine environments and organisms. Previous studies showed that TNT and its metabolites are incorporated in mussel tissue thereby causing adverse effects through cellular oxidative stress. Recently, the impact of TNT on mRNA expression of the enzyme carbonyl reductase (CR) in blue mussels was discovered. This enzyme plays a key part in the cellular antioxidative system. A factor that should be taken into account is the increase in water temperature caused by anthropogenic climate change. To investigate potential synergistic effects of TNT in combination with elevated water temperatures on\n                    <jats:italic>CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, blue mussels were exposed to concentrations of 0.1\u00a0\u00b5g\/L, 50\u00a0\u00b5g\/L, and 500\u00a0\u00b5g\/L TNT and water temperatures of 11\u00a0\u00b0C, 15\u00a0\u00b0C and 18\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively, in the present study. Semiquantitative PCR analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression in different tissues confirmed that TNT leads to increased mRNA expression levels, especially in gill tissue even at lower concentrations than tested in previous studies. Furthermore, varying water temperatures apparently influenced\n                    <jats:italic>CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression. Our study suggests a higher vulnerability to xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress in case of simultaneous presence of pollution from munitions and elevated water temperature. Our findings also underline the importance of molecular biomarkers like\n                    <jats:italic>CR<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a method for assessment of the impact of environmental stressors on the marine ecosphere.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:01:39Z","timestamp":1787623299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated water temperatures enhance 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene induced stress response of carbonyl reductase in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis): Another environmental impact of climate change?"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8228-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Lindemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina Marietta","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7787-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2147-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian Tabea Hannah","family":"B\u00fcnning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2405-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund","family":"Maser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8385-4479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Susanne","family":"Strehse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103082","volume":"72","author":"AG Adomako-Bonsu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adomako-Bonsu AG, Jacobsen J, Maser E (2024) Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage. Redox Biol 72:103082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103082","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"4520_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.08.028","volume":"135","author":"D Appel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Appel D, Strehse JS, Martin H-J, Maser E (2018) Bioaccumulation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolites leaking from corroded munition in transplanted blue mussels (M. edulis). Mar Pollut Bull 135:1072\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.08.028","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"4520_CR3","unstructured":"Bach A, B\u00f6ttcher C, Jaser A, Knobloch T, Sternheim J, Weinberg I, Wichert U, W\u00f6hler J (2023) Munitionsbelastung der deutschen Meeresgew\u00e4sser\u2014Entwicklungen und Fortschritt. Schleswig-Holstein Berichte. https:\/\/www.schleswig-holstein.de\/uxo\/DE\/Berichte\/PDF\/berichte\/ag_blano_fortschritt2019_20.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2. Accessed 11 May 2026"},{"key":"4520_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06974","volume":"53","author":"AJ Beck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beck AJ, Van Der Lee EM, Eggert A et al (2019) In situ measurements of explosive compound dissolution fluxes from exposed munition material in the Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 53:5652\u20135660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b06974","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4520_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151266","volume":"806","author":"AJ Beck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beck AJ, Gledhill M, Kampmeier M et al (2022) Explosives compounds from sea-dumped relic munitions accumulate in marine biota. Sci Total Environ 806:151266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151266","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4520_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2017.07.024","volume":"130","author":"J Beyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beyer J, Green NW, Brooks S et al (2017) Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis spp.) as sentinel organisms in coastal pollution monitoring: a review. Mar Environ Res 130:338\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2017.07.024","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"4520_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2006.21.4.217","volume":"21","author":"HM Bolt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bolt HM, Degen GH, Dorn SB et al (2006) Genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: structural and toxicological considerations. Rev Environ Health 21:217\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/REVEH.2006.21.4.217","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"4520_CR8","unstructured":"B\u00f6ttcher C, Knobloch T, R\u00fchl N-P et al (2011) Munitionsbelastung der Deutschen Meeresgew\u00e4sser-Bestandsaufnahme und Empfehlungen (Stand 2011). https:\/\/docs.dpaq.de\/12278-2011_munitionsbelastung_de_meeresgewaesser-1.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2026"},{"key":"4520_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149925","volume":"806","author":"I Boutet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boutet I, Lacroix C, Devin S et al (2022) Does the environmental history of mussels have an effect on the physiological response to additional stress under experimental conditions? Sci Total Environ 806:149925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149925","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4520_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9030060","volume":"9","author":"TH B\u00fcnning","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00fcnning TH, Strehse JS, Hollmann AC et al (2021) A toolbox for the determination of nitroaromatic explosives in marine water, sediment, and biota samples on femtogram levels by GC-MS\/MS. Toxics 9:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics9030060","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"4520_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04027-x","author":"TH B\u00fcnning","year":"2025","unstructured":"B\u00fcnning TH, Strehse JS, Maser E (2025) Towards a good environmental status: a 4-year monitoring study on the contamination of the Bay of Luebeck with energetic compounds prior to munitions remediation. Arch Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-025-04027-x","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14578","volume":"285","author":"B Ebert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebert B, Ebert D, Koebsch K et al (2018) Carbonyl reductases from Daphnia are regulated by redox cycling compounds. FEBS J 285:2869\u20132887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.14578","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"4520_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-0117-5","volume":"51","author":"H Ek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ek H, Dave G, Nilsson E et al (2006) Fate and effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from dumped ammunition in a field study with fish and invertebrates. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 51:244\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00244-005-0117-5","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.3c00096","volume":"3","author":"M Esposito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Esposito M, Beck AJ, Martinez-Cabanas M et al (2023) Rapid, at-sea detection of munition compounds in coastal waters using a shipboard system. ACS EST Water 3:2890\u20132898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsestwater.3c00096","journal-title":"ACS EST Water"},{"key":"4520_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(75)90271-4","volume":"6","author":"ED Goldberg","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goldberg ED (1975) The mussel watch\u2014a first step in global marine monitoring. Mar Pollut Bull 6:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0025-326X(75)90271-4","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"4520_CR16","unstructured":"Greinert J (Ed.), Appel D, Beck A, Eggert A, Gr\u00e4we U, Kampmeier M, Martin HJ, Maser E, Schlosser C, Song Y, Strehse J, van der Lee E, Vortmeyer-Kley R, Wichert U, Frey T (2019) Practical Guide for Environmental Monitoring of Conventional Munitions in the Seas-Results from the BMBF funded project UDEMM \u201cUmweltmonitoring f\u00fcr die Delaboration von Munition im Meer\u201d Version 1.1. OceanRep GEOMAR. https:\/\/oceanrep.geomar.de\/id\/eprint\/48842\/1\/geomar_rep_ns_54_2019.pdf. Accessed 12 May 2026 Editor: Jens Greinert\u2014GEOMAR"},{"key":"4520_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600969440","volume":"39","author":"F Hoffmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoffmann F, Maser E (2007) Carbonyl reductases and pluripotent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the short-chain dehydrogenase\/reductase superfamily. Drug Metab Rev 39:87\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03602530600969440","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"4520_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.067","volume":"408","author":"M Holmstrup","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holmstrup M, Bindesb\u00f8l A-M, Oostingh GJ et al (2010) Interactions between effects of environmental chemicals and natural stressors: a review. Sci Total Environ 408:3746\u20133762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.067","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4520_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896","volume-title":"Climate change 2021\u2014the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC)","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) (2023) Climate change 2021\u2014the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","edition":"1"},{"key":"4520_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109752","volume":"351","author":"J Jacobsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacobsen J, Adomako-Bonsu AG, Maser E (2022) Induction of carbonyl reductase 1 (CR1) gene expression in Daphnia magna by TNT, but not its key metabolites 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT. Chem Biol Interact 351:109752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109752","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"4520_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-69163-3_6","volume":"191","author":"AL Juhasz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juhasz AL, Naidu R (2007) Explosives: fate, dynamics, and ecological impact in terrestrial and marine environments. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 191:163\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-69163-3_6","journal-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2006.06.017","volume":"79","author":"G Lannig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lannig G, Flores JF, Sokolova IM (2006) Temperature-dependent stress response in oysters, Crassostrea virginica: pollution reduces temperature tolerance in oysters. Aquat Toxicol 79:278\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquatox.2006.06.017","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03085-9","volume":"377","author":"A Lobo-da-Cunha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lobo-da-Cunha A (2019) Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs. Cell Tissue Res 377:475\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03085-9","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"4520_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.049","volume":"210","author":"GR Lotufo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lotufo GR, Belden JB, Fisher JC et al (2016) Accumulation and depuration of trinitrotoluene and related extractable and nonextractable (bound) residues in marine fish and mussels. Environ Pollut 210:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.049","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"4520_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1159261","author":"F Masanja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masanja F, Yang K, Xu Y et al (2023) Impacts of marine heat extremes on bivalves. Front Mar Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1159261","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"4520_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02743-0","volume":"94","author":"E Maser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maser E, Strehse JS (2020) \u201cDon\u2019t blast\u201d: blast-in-place (BiP) operations of dumped World War munitions in the oceans significantly increase hazards to the environment and the human seafood consumer. Arch Toxicol 94:1941\u20131953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-020-02743-0","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20169","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04873","volume":"57","author":"E Maser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maser E, Andresen KJ, B\u00fcnning TH et al (2023a) Ecotoxicological risk of World War relic munitions in the sea after low- and high-order blast-in-place operations. Environ Sci Technol 57:20169\u201320181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.3c04873","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"4520_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159324","volume":"857","author":"E Maser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maser E, B\u00fcnning TH, Brenner M et al (2023b) Warship wrecks and their munition cargos as a threat to the marine environment and humans: The V 1302 \u201cJOHN MAHN\u201d from World War II. Sci Total Environ 857:159324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159324","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4520_CR29","unstructured":"Millat G, Borchardt T, Bartsch I, Adolph W, Herlyn M, Reichert K, Kuhlenkamp R, Schubert P (2012) Die Entwicklung des eulitoralen Miesmuschelbestandes (Mytilus edulis) in den deutschen Wattgebieten. (Development of intertidal blue mussel stocks (Mytilus edulis) in the German tidal flats). Bundesamt f\u00fcr Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH). https:\/\/www.blmp-online.de\/PDF\/Indikatorberichte\/2012_02_d.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2026"},{"key":"4520_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.466","volume":"685","author":"R Mlouka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mlouka R, Cachot J, Boukadida K et al (2019) Compared responses to copper and increased temperatures of hybrid and pure offspring of two mussel species. Sci Total Environ 685:795\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.466","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"4520_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010253","volume":"41","author":"M Nipper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nipper M, Carr RS, Biedenbach JM et al (2001) Development of marine toxicity data for ordnance compounds. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 41:308\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002440010253","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1214-0_8","volume-title":"Warfare ecology","author":"JW Porter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Porter JW, Barton JV, Torres C (2011) Ecological, radiological, and toxicological effects of naval bombardment on the coral reefs of Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico. In: Machlis GE, Hanson T, \u0160piri\u0107 Z, McKendry JE (eds) Warfare ecology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 65\u2013122"},{"key":"4520_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.03.006","volume":"68","author":"G Rosen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosen G, Lotufo GR (2007a) Toxicity of explosive compounds to the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in aqueous exposures. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:228\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.03.006","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"4520_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.04.009","volume":"68","author":"G Rosen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosen G, Lotufo GR (2007b) Bioaccumulation of explosive compounds in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:237\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.04.009","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"4520_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2021.105264","volume":"167","author":"R Schuster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schuster R, Strehse JS, Ahvo A et al (2021) Exposure to dissolved TNT causes multilevel biological effects in Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.). Mar Environ Res 167:105264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2021.105264","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"4520_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2026.119738","volume":"229","author":"RM Schuster","year":"2026","unstructured":"Schuster RM, Binder FI, B\u00fcnning LTH et al (2026) Environmental risks from world war shipwrecks: field-based biomarker evidence from caged mussels in the North Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 229:119738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2026.119738","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"4520_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2020.105006","volume":"158","author":"JS Strehse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strehse JS, Maser E (2020) Marine bivalves as bioindicators for environmental pollutants with focus on dumped munitions in the sea: a review. Mar Environ Res 158:105006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marenvres.2020.105006","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"4520_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.09.004","volume":"390","author":"JS Strehse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strehse JS, Appel D, Geist C et al (2017) Biomonitoring of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and degradation products in the marine environment with transplanted blue mussels (M. edulis). Toxicology 390:117\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2017.09.004","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"4520_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02931-y","volume":"94","author":"JS Strehse","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strehse JS, Brenner M, Kisiela M, Maser E (2020) The explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) induces gene expression of carbonyl reductase in the blue mussel (Mytilus spp.): a new promising biomarker for sea dumped war relicts? Arch Toxicol 94:4043\u20134054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-020-02931-y","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4520_CR40","unstructured":"Strehse JS (2020) SDR superfamily members carbonyl reductase and Sniffer from Daphnia species and Mytilus spp.: Oxidative stress response, biomonitoring of sea-dumped munitions and molecular biomarker for TNT contaminations. Doctoral thesis, Kiel University"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787670067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["4520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04520-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the state legislation and institutional requirements approved by the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research animal welfare officer Dr. Gisela Lannig-Bock.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}