{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:06:20Z","timestamp":1789650380649,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2120260515565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2120260515565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:23:40Z","timestamp":1789647820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A quantitative framework for animal-to-human extrapolation of inhaled aerosols using species-specific respiratory dosimetry"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-018-0203-z","volume":"41","author":"MU Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali MU, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Abbas Q, Munir MAM (2019) A systematic review on global pollution status of particulate matter-associated potential toxic elements and health perspectives in urban environment. Environ Geochem Health 41(3):1131\u20131162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-018-0203-z","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4550_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.01.011","volume":"60","author":"JHE Arts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arts JHE, Muijser H, Jonker D, van de Sandt JJM, Bos PMJ, Feron VJ (2008) Inhalation toxicity studies: OECD guidelines in relation to REACH and scientific developments. Exp Toxicol Pathol 60(2):125\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etp.2008.01.011","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4550_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820119122","volume":"34","author":"B Asgharian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Asgharian B, Hofmann W, Bergmann R (2001) Particle deposition in a multiple-path model of the human lung. Aerosol Sci Technol 34(4):332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02786820119122","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"issue":"14","key":"4550_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.935535","volume":"26","author":"B Asgharian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asgharian B, Price OT, Oldham M et al (2014) Computational modeling of nanoscale and microscale particle deposition, retention and dosimetry in the mouse respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 26(14):829\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08958378.2014.935535","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"4550_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2025.106547","volume":"185","author":"B Asgharian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Asgharian B, Price O, Borojeni AAT et al (2025) Modeling aerosol bolus inhalations in the human lung with the multiple path particle deposition model: Comparison with experimental data. J Aerosol Sci 185:106547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2025.106547","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4550_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379701300401","volume":"13","author":"RP Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown RP, Delp MD, Lindstedt SL, Rhomberg LR, Beliles RP (1997) Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Toxicol Ind Health 13(4):407\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/074823379701300401","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"4550_CR7","unstructured":"Hall JE, Hall ME (2020) Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-book: Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences"},{"key":"4550_CR8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pulmonary Immunotoxicology","author":"JR Harkema","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harkema JR, Plopper CG, Pinkerton KE (2000) Comparative structure of the respiratory tract: airway architecture in humans and animals. In: Cohen MD, Zelikoff JT, Schlesinger RB (eds) Pulmonary Immunotoxicology. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 1\u201359"},{"issue":"2","key":"4550_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2023.0041","volume":"37","author":"AJ Hickey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hickey AJ, Maloney SE, Kuehl PJ, Phillips JE, Wolff RK (2024) Practical considerations in dose extrapolation from animals to humans. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 37(2):77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jamp.2023.0041","journal-title":"J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv"},{"key":"4550_CR10","unstructured":"Hinds WC, Zhu Y (2022) Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. Wiley"},{"issue":"10","key":"4550_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.05.007","volume":"42","author":"W Hofmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hofmann W (2011) Modelling inhaled particle deposition in the human lung\u2014A review. J Aerosol Sci 42(10):693\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.05.007","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"4550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-026-09646-3","volume":"237","author":"M Hore","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hore M, Paul A, Pramanik P et al (2026) Atmospheric microplastics: detection technologies, respiratory exposure pathways, multi-organ health effects, and standardized risk assessment frameworks. Water Air Soil Pollut 237(17):962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-026-09646-3","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"issue":"2","key":"4550_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2025.2502492","volume":"60","author":"ES Junaidi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Junaidi ES, Jalaludin J, Latif MT (2026) Application of multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model in aged-specify schoolchildren airways exposed to ambient particulate matter in Malaysia. Aerosol Sci Technol 60(2):92\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02786826.2025.2502492","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"4550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135446","volume":"478","author":"D Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim D, Cho S, Jeon J-J, Choi J (2024) Inhalation toxicity screening of consumer products chemicals using OECD test guideline data-based machine learning models. J Hazard Mater 478:135446 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135446","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"42, 2010","key":"4550_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145453","volume":"42","author":"C Kleinstreuer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kleinstreuer C, Zhang Z (2010) Airflow and particle transport in the human respiratory system. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 42(42, 2010):301\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145453","journal-title":"Annu Rev Fluid Mech"},{"key":"4550_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2023.08.014","volume":"87","author":"V Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar V, Hashmi H, Anshita, Ansari NG, Singh J (2024) Incense smoke (IS) inhalation exposure system: physicochemical characterization, IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model. Particuology 87:271\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.partic.2023.08.014","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398409530509","volume":"13","author":"M Lippmann","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lippmann M, Schlesinger RB (1984) Interspecies comparisons of particle deposition and mucociliary clearance in tracheobronchial airways. J Toxicol Environ Health 13(2\u20133):441\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287398409530509","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-024-00567-9","volume":"21","author":"D Lizonova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lizonova D, Nagarkar A, Demokritou P, Kelesidis GA (2024) Effective density of inhaled environmental and engineered nanoparticles and its impact on the lung deposition and dosimetry. Part Fibre Toxicol 21(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12989-024-00567-9","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"4550_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.02.006","volume":"399","author":"F Lohse","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lohse F, Wessely B, Stintz M, Nolde J, Creutzenberg O, Bruer G (2024) Particle aerosol generation and potential altering in airflow used for acute\/repeated inhalation toxicity testing. Toxicol Lett 399:73\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.02.006","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"4550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.091","volume":"168","author":"N Manojkumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manojkumar N, Srimuruganandam B, Shiva Nagendra SM (2019) Application of multiple-path particle dosimetry model for quantifying age specified deposition of particulate matter in human airway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 168:241\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.091","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"4550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03247-9","volume":"96","author":"S McCarrick","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCarrick S, Karlsson HL, Carlander U (2022) Modelled lung deposition and retention of welding fume particles in occupational scenarios: a comparison to doses used in vitro. Arch Toxicol 96(4):969\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-022-03247-9","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.10.6.8003339","volume":"10","author":"RR Mercer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mercer RR, Russell ML, Roggli VL, Crapo JD (1994) Cell number and distribution in human and rat airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10(6):613\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/ajrcmb.10.6.8003339","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373325","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2024.1373325","volume":"6","author":"M Moreau","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moreau M, Simms L, Andersen ME et al (2024) Use of quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) for the assessment of non-combustible next-generation product aerosols. Front Toxicol 6:1373325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ftox.2024.1373325","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4550_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC","volume":"169","author":"M Ochs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ochs M, Nyengaard JR, Jung A et al (2004) The number of alveoli in the human lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(1):120\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"4550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2010.516031","volume":"22","author":"RF Phalen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phalen RF, Mendez LB, Oldham MJ (2010) New developments in aerosol dosimetry. Inhal Toxicol 22(sup2):6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08958378.2010.516031","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"4550_CR26","unstructured":"Proctor DF, Chang JC (2017) Comparative anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man Vol I. CRC, pp 1\u201334"},{"issue":"2","key":"4550_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s41810-024-00253-5","volume":"9","author":"A Shukla","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shukla A, Indaliya R, Tandel BN (2025) Effect of indoor air quality on respiratory health of children: an MPPD model approach. Aerosol Sci Eng 9(2):180\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41810-024-00253-5","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"4550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/6.2.235","volume":"6","author":"KC Stone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stone KC, Mercer RR, Gehr P, Stockstill B, Crapo JD (1992) Allometric relationships of cell numbers and size in the mammalian lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 6(2):235\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/ajrcmb\/6.2.235","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4550_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00526.x","volume":"3","author":"A Tsuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsuda A, Henry FS, Butler JP (2013) Particle transport and deposition: basic physics of particle kinetics. Compr Physiol 3(4):1437\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00526.x","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"null","key":"4550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S106009","volume":"11","author":"J Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong J, Magun BE, Wood LJ (2016) Lung inflammation caused by inhaled toxicants: a review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 11(null):1391\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S106009","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8240(80)80060-7","volume":"42","author":"H-C Yeh","year":"1980","unstructured":"Yeh H-C, Schum GM (1980) Models of human lung airways and their application to inhaled particle deposition. Bull Math Biol 42(3):461\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-8240(80)80060-7","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:23:45Z","timestamp":1789647825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["4550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-026-04550-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5761","1432-0738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5761","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this study to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<b>Declarations<\/b>"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<b>Declarations<\/b>"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<b>Declarations<\/b>"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<b>Declarations<\/b>"}}]}}