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Neurodegeneration (Alzheimer-like) was induced in twenty-four male Wistar albino rats by CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> supplement to drinking water (10\u00a0mg\/L) for 14\u00a0weeks. AD rats were divided into four groups: untreated AD group (Cu-AD) and three treated AD groups; orally treated for 4\u00a0weeks with either DPZ (10\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), Vit D (500\u00a0IU\/kg\/day), or DPZ\u2009+\u2009Vit D starting from the 10th week of CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> intake. Another six rats were used as normal control (NC) group. The hippocampal tissue content of \u03b2-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), clusterin (CLU), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), caspase-9 (CAS-9), Bax, and Bcl-2 and the cortical content of acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Cognitive function tests (Y-maze) and histopathology studies (hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red stains) and immunohistochemistry for neurofilament. Vit D supplementation alleviated CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced memory deficits including significant reduction hippocampal BACE1, p-tau, CLU, CAS-9, Bax, and TNF-\u03b1 and cortical AChE and MDA. Vit D remarkably increased cortical Ach, TAC, and hippocampal Bcl-2. It also improved neurobehavioral and histological abnormalities. The effects attained by Vit D treatment were better than those attained by DPZ. Furthermore, Vit D boosted the therapeutic potential of DPZ in almost all AD associated behavioral and pathological changes. Vit D is suggested as a potential therapy to retard neurodegeneration.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02449-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1677812570000},"page":"1931-1942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vitamin D alleviates cognitive dysfunction and brain damage induced by copper sulfate intake in experimental rats: focus on its combination with donepezil"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"396","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8167-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elseweidy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4841-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sousou I.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4974-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahla N.","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.050","volume":"287","author":"Z Alrefaie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alrefaie Z, Ae A (2015) Vitamin D3 improves decline in cognitive function and cholinergic transmission in prefrontal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 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