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L-carnitine (LCAR) is an amino acid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to demonstrate the effects of LCAR against radiation-induced acute lung injury and to elucidate its possible protective molecular mechanisms. A total of 32 Wistar albino rats were separated into four groups: control, RAD (10\u2009Gy once on 1st day), RAD\u2009+\u2009LCAR (intraperitoneally, 200\u2009mg\/kg\/d, for 10\u2009days), and LCAR. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and the lung tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic analysis. Emphysema, pronounced hyperemia, increased total oxidant status, and increased caspase-3 and TNF-\u03b1 immunostainings were all seen in the lung tissues of the RAD group. LCAR treatment reduced these negative effects. In addition, AMPK and SIRT1 gene expressions increased in the RAD\u2009+\u2009LCAR group compared to the RAD group, while TGF-1\u00df gene expression decreased. While RAD caused major damage to the lungs of rats, LCAR application reduced this damage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Specifically, LCAR reduced fibrosis while attenuating RAD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via the AMPK\/SIRT1\/TGF-1\u00df pathway. Therefore, LCAR can be considered a supplement to reduce complications associated with RAD.\n<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03157-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T08:02:09Z","timestamp":1716364929000},"page":"8043-8051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["L-carnitine protects the lung from radiation-induced damage in rats via the AMPK\/SIRT1\/TGF-1\u00df pathway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"397","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2249-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nas\u0131f Fatih","family":"Karakuyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6128-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alper","family":"\u00d6zseven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0641-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman Emre","family":"Ak\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0212-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Ekrem","family":"\u00c7ama\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"\u00d6zmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1516-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7a\u011fla","family":"Cengiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3157_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abd Eldaim MA, Ibrahim FM, Orabi SH et al (2018) L-carnitine-induced amelioration of HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in hepatic TNF-\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b21. 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