{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:12:54Z","timestamp":1789791174414,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007950","name":"Tanta University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Millions of individuals worldwide, across all age groups, suffer from the widespread health issue of gastric ulcers. In many experiments, cilostazol (Cls), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, was recently shown to have anti-ulcer activity. Notably, Cls increases the expression and transcriptional activity of PPAR-\u03b3 in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Cls against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers and clarify the possible underlying mechanisms with an emphasis on the role of PPAR-\u03b3. Male albino rats were treated with ethanol to induce gastric ulcers, or they were pretreated with Cls, omeprazole (Omp), GW9662, or Cls\u2009+\u2009GW9662 for 14 consecutive days before receiving ethanol. Cls protects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Cls treatment significantly reduced ethanol-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and NF-\u03baB), MDA (a marker of lipid peroxidation), and caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic markers). On the other hand, Cls treatment counteracted ethanol-induced downregulation of PPAR-\u03b3, pErk-1, HO-1 and GSH (antioxidant markers), PECAM-1 and NO (healing markers), and Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic marker). However, when combined with GW9662, a potent antagonist of PPAR-\u03b3, Cls loses its effects. In conclusion, these results suggest that PPAR-\u03b3 and pErk-1 are essential for Cls\u2019s protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1718618513000},"page":"9033-9050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cilostazol protects against gastric ulcers by regulating PPAR-\u03b3, HO-1, PECAM-1, pErk-1, NF-\u03baB, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"397","author":[{"given":"Nagla A.","family":"El-Shitany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"EL-saidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa E.","family":"EL-Naggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia S.","family":"Sokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3176_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122417","volume":"10","author":"H Arab","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arab H, Salama S, Omar H et al (2015) Diosmin protects against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats: novel anti-ulcer actions. PLoS ONE 10:e0122417","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120939","volume":"308","author":"HH Arab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arab HH, Eid AH, El-Sheikh AAK et al (2022) Irbesartan reprofiling for the amelioration of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats: role of inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Life Sci 308:120939","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3176_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1279-4","volume":"56","author":"NJ Asal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asal NJ, Wojciak K (2017) Effect of cilostazol in treating diabetes-associated microvascular complications. Endocrine 56:240\u2013244","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"3176_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051268","volume":"42","author":"J Auwerx","year":"1999","unstructured":"Auwerx J (1999) PPARgamma, the ultimate thrifty gene. Diabetologia 42:1033\u20131049","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"3176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.002","volume":"110","author":"R Aziz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aziz R, Siddiqua A, Shahzad M et al (2019) Oxyresveratrol ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via downregulation of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, NF-\u0138B, and COX-2 levels, and upregulation of TFF-2 levels. Biomed Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie 110:554\u2013560","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine Pharmacotherapie"},{"key":"3176_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.07.011","volume":"381","author":"F Biscetti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biscetti F, Pecorini G, Arena V et al (2013) Cilostazol improves the response to ischemia in diabetic mice by a mechanism dependent on PPAR\u03b3. Mol Cell Endocrinol 381:80\u201387","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"3176_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018859824926","volume":"43","author":"A Bozkurt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bozkurt A, Y\u00fcksel M, Haklar G et al (1998) Adenosine protects against indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats. Dig Dis Sci 43:1258\u20131263","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"3176_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"M Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248\u2013254","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"3176_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1163\/156856005774423908","volume":"13","author":"T Brzozowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Pajdo R et al (2005) Agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3): a new compound with potent gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties. Inflammopharmacology 13:317\u2013330","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"3176_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31819e8d01","volume":"31","author":"J Burchette","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burchette J (2009) Theory and practice of histological techniques. Am J Dermatopathol 31:514","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"3176_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i24.3746","volume":"11","author":"S Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen S, Liang Y, Chao JCJ et al (2005) Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 11:3746\u20133750","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3176_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S3160","volume":"4","author":"Y Chi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chi Y, Lavie C, Milani R et al (2008) Safety and efficacy of cilostazol in the management of intermittent claudication. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4:1197\u20131203","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"3176_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.04.005","volume":"91","author":"H Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi H, Kim D, Choi S et al (2018) The effect of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, on human hair growth with the dual promoting mechanisms. J Dermatol Sci 91:60\u201368","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"3176_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2004.10.004","volume":"41","author":"S Cuzzocrea","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuzzocrea S (2004) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma ligands and ischemia and reperfusion injury. Vascul Pharmacol 41:187\u2013195","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00936440","volume":"125","author":"D Das","year":"1993","unstructured":"Das D, Banerjee RK (1993) Effect of stress on the antioxidant enzymes and gastric ulceration. Mol Cell Biochem 125:115\u2013125","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"3176_CR16","first-page":"97","volume":"3","author":"NL Dashputre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dashputre NL, Naikwade NS (2011) Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Abutilon indicum Linn leaves in experimental rats. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 3:97\u2013100","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res"},{"key":"3176_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.01.021","volume":"822","author":"SA El Awdan","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Awdan SA, Amin MM, Hassan A (2018) Cilostazol attenuates indices of liver damage induced by thioacetamide in albino rats through regulating inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic biomarkers. Eur J Pharmacol 822:168\u2013176","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.01.015","volume":"229","author":"S El-Maraghy","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Maraghy S, Rizk S, Shahin N (2015) Gastroprotective effect of crocin in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Chemico-Biol Interact 229:26\u201335","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol Interact"},{"key":"3176_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.06.027","volume":"291","author":"S Elshazly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elshazly S, Abd El Motteleb D, Ibrahim I (2018) Hesperidin protects against stress induced gastric ulcer through regulation of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma in diabetic rats. Chemico-Biol Interact 291:153\u2013161","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol Interact"},{"key":"3176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gendy AM, Amin MM, Al-Mokaddem AK et al (2021) Cilostazol mitigates mesenteric ischemia\/reperfusion-induced lung lesion: contribution of PPAR-\u03b3, NF-\u03baB, and STAT3 crosstalk. Life Sci 266:118882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118882"},{"key":"3176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1981548","volume":"53","author":"PC Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta PC, Kar A, Sharma N, Singh PK, Goswami NK, Kumar S (2021) Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats. Ann Med 53:1696\u20131708","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"3176_CR22","first-page":"423124","volume":"10","author":"H Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu H, Tian M, Ding C et al (2019) The C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) transcription factor functions in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and microbial infection. Front Immunol 10:423124","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_4_20","volume":"16","author":"J Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu J, Cai L, Yao Z et al (2020) Fisetin attenuates gastric mucosal lesions through modulating nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 in rats. Pharmacognosy Magazine 16:605","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Magazine"},{"key":"3176_CR24","first-page":"3578","volume":"22","author":"R Imad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imad R, Al-Qadh HI (2022) The protective effects of cilostazol on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rat model. HIV Nurs 22:3578\u20133583","journal-title":"HIV Nurs"},{"key":"3176_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115246","volume":"407","author":"R Khalil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalil R, Shata A, Abd El-Kader E et al (2020) Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1\/2, p38\u03b1, and NF-\u03baB signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmcol 407:115246","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmcol"},{"key":"3176_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.03.005","volume":"609","author":"S Lahiri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lahiri S, Sen T, Palit G (2009) Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-\u03b3 in pioglitazone mediated chronic gastric ulcer healing in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 609:118\u2013125","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7","volume":"390","author":"A Lanas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lanas A, Chan FKL (2017) Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet 390:613\u2013624","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3176_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2012.16.2.131","volume":"16","author":"Y Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee Y, Eun J (2012) Cilostazol decreases ethanol-mediated TNFalpha expression in RAW264.7 murine macrophage and in liver from binge drinking mice. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 16:131\u2013138","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmy002","volume":"50","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Hu X, Xuan Y et al (2018) Kaempferol protects ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice via pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 50:246\u2013253","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"3176_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2015.07.022","volume":"115","author":"J Luo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luo J, Peng Y, Chen T et al (2016) Clopidogrel inhibits angiogenesis of gastric ulcer healing via downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. J Formos Med Assoc 115:764\u2013772","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"3176_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132497","volume":"10","author":"M Mahmoud-Awny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahmoud-Awny M, Attia A, Abd-Ellah M et al (2015) Mangiferin mitigates gastric ulcer in ischemia\/reperfused rats: involvement of PPAR-\u03b3, NF-\u03baB and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways. PLoS ONE 10:e0132497","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3176_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2013.11.003","volume":"8","author":"R Mandal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mandal R, Raab M, Matthess Y et al (2014) pERK 1\/2 inhibit caspase-8 induced apoptosis in cancer cells by phosphorylating it in a cell cycle specific manner. Mol Oncol 8:232","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"3176_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-019-01699-y","volume":"392","author":"H Moawad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moawad H, El Awdan SA, Sallam NA et al (2019) Gastroprotective effect of cilostazol against ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions in rats. Naunyn-schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives Pharmacol 392:1605\u20131616","journal-title":"Naunyn-schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119129","volume":"99","author":"PJ Newman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Newman PJ (1997) The biology of PECAM-1. J Clin Investig 99:3\u20138","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"3176_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18797","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/18797","volume":"2007","author":"R Nisbet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nisbet R, Sutliff R, Hart C (2007) The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in pulmonary vascular disease. PPAR Research 2007:18797","journal-title":"PPAR Research"},{"key":"3176_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1686-9","volume":"41","author":"R Ohba","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ohba R, Otaka M, Odashima M et al (2006) Effect of cilostazol, a selective type-III phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on water-immersion stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. J Gastroenterol 41:34\u201340","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3176_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.146456","volume":"329","author":"S Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park S, Shin H, Lee J et al (2009) Cilostazol ameliorates metabolic abnormalities with suppression of proinflammatory markers in a db\/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transcription. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 329:571\u2013579","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"3176_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641087","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/641087","volume":"2012","author":"S Polvani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Galli A (2012) PPAR\u03b3 and oxidative stress: Con(\u03b2) catenating NRF2 and FOXO. PPAR Res 2012:641087","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"3176_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095313","volume":"9","author":"D Ragab","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ragab D, Abdallah D, El-Abhar H (2014) Cilostazol renoprotective effect: modulation of PPAR-\u03b3, NGAL, KIM-1 and IL-18 underlies its novel effect in a model of ischemia-reperfusion. PLoS ONE 9:e95313","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3176_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119895559","volume":"39","author":"Z Rahman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahman Z, Dwivedi D, Jena G (2020) Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone: involvement of Nrf2\/HO-1 signalling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 39:547\u2013562","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"3176_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"em00728","DOI":"10.5799\/jcei\/5902","volume":"10","author":"A Rashad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rashad A, Heeba G, Hamad S (2019) Age-dependent role of cilostazol on cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration in female rats. J Clin Experimental Investigations 10:em00728","journal-title":"J Clin Experimental Investigations"},{"key":"3176_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v6.i4.120","volume":"6","author":"L Saha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saha L (2015) Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma in gastric ulcer: an overview of experimental evidences. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 6:120\u2013126","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3176_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.06.021","volume":"62","author":"T Sakamoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakamoto T, Ohashi W, Tomita K et al (2018) Anti-inflammatory properties of cilostazol: its interruption of DNA binding activity of NF-\u03baB from the toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 62:120\u2013131","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00189-3","volume":"80","author":"RJ Santen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Santen RJ, Song R, McPherson R et al (2002) The role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80:239\u2013256","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"3176_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000117403.64398.53","volume":"109","author":"H Shin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shin H, Kim Y, Kim K et al (2004) Remnant lipoprotein particles induce apoptosis in endothelial cells by NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated production of superoxide and cytokines via lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 activation: prevention by cilostazol. Circulation 109:1022\u20131028","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3176_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/142719","volume":"2011","author":"D Sivaraman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sivaraman D, Muralidharan P (2011) Cytoprotective effect of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. against surgical and chemical factor induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Ulcers 2011:1\u20139","journal-title":"Ulcers"},{"key":"3176_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7145","volume":"104","author":"C Su","year":"1999","unstructured":"Su C, Wen X, Bailey S et al (1999) A novel therapy for colitis utilizing PPAR-\u03b3 ligands to inhibit the epithelial inflammatory response. J Clin Invest 104:383\u2013389","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3176_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49423","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA08879E","volume":"7","author":"M Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su M, Li C, Zhou L et al (2017) Anti-ulcerogenic effect of KFP-H008 against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via p38 MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathway. RSC Adv 7:49423\u201349435","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"3176_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun M, Hou P, Wang X et al (2018) Pretreatment with Lactobacillus reuteri F-9-35 attenuates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Food Nutr Res 29:62","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v62.1469"},{"key":"3176_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12734","volume":"29","author":"AS Tarnawski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarnawski AS, Ahluwalia A, Jones MK (2014) Angiogenesis in gastric mucosa: an important component of gastric erosion and ulcer healing and its impairment in aging. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29:112\u2013123","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3176_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1139\/Y08-043","volume":"86","author":"F Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang F, Gao L, Gong B et al (2008) Tissue-specific expression of PPAR mRNAs in diabetic rats and divergent effects of cilostazol. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 86:465\u2013471","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3176_CR52","first-page":"6458060","volume":"2020","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Lu L, Chen S et al (2020) PERK overexpression-mediated Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway alleviates hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced injury in neonatal murine cardiomyocytes via improving endoplasmic reticulum stress. BioMed Research International 2020:6458060","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"3176_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417646","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/417646","volume":"2010","author":"KK Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu KK (2010) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors protect against apoptosis via 14-3-3. PPAR Research 2010:417646","journal-title":"PPAR Research"},{"key":"3176_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu X, Huang Q, Xu N et al (2018) Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018:3585394","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3585394"},{"key":"3176_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2665","volume":"271","author":"K Yamakawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamakawa K, Hosoi M, Koyama H et al (2000) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 271:571\u2013574","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:45:09Z","timestamp":1730191509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03176-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, approved this study (TP\/RE\/5\/23\u00a0M-0019). The research was carried out according to the National Research Council\u2019s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}