{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:25:43Z","timestamp":1790727943481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The clinical use of dexamethasone (DXM) is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which DXM-induced NAFLD is still incompletely known. Therefore, the current study aims to test the hypothesis that DXM-induced NAFLD is mediated by dysregulation of key genes involved in lipid metabolism and liraglutide (LG) can ameliorate these effects. The histopathological and biochemical analysis assessed the effects of DXM and\/or LG in liver tissue. The computational analysis was performed to detect the glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promotor regions of <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic> genes. The effects of DXM and LG on the expression of <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic> were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. The NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and DXM was manifested by increased levels of liver enzymes, deterioration of histological architecture of the liver tissue and accumulation of fat droplets. Computational analysis revealed that the promotor regions of <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic> harper several GRE. Most importantly, treatment with DXM decreased phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) levels, while LG upregulate it. In addition, treatment with DXM increased expression of <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic>, whereas LG ameliorated these effects in a dose-dependent manner. DXM-induced NAFLD is mediated by upregulation of <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic> expression which may be attributed to GRE. LG coupling with DXM mitigates this induction by downregulating <jats:italic>FASN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CD36<\/jats:italic> levels and therefore mitigates the development of NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T05:26:54Z","timestamp":1737091614000},"page":"8567-8585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Liraglutide mitigates dexamethasone-induced fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the cluster of differentiation36 (CD36) expression: a potential treatment for glucocorticoid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"398","author":[{"given":"Dahshan Hassan","family":"Selim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamada Ahmed","family":"Mokhlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman M.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Aziz S.","family":"Shatat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salama Abdou","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed Shahat","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3789_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00059","volume":"11","author":"E Akalestou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akalestou E, Genser L, Rutter GA (2020) Glucocorticoid metabolism in obesity and following weight loss. Front Endocrinol 11:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00059","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"3789_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"8","author":"KAK Al-Dulaimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Dulaimi KAK, Banks J, Chandran V, Tomeo-Reyes I, Nguyen Thanh K (2018) Classification of white blood cell types from microscope images: techniques and challenges. Microscopy science: Last approaches on educational programs and applied research. Microscopy Book Series 8:17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Microscopy Book Series"},{"issue":"5","key":"3789_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.01.013","volume":"21","author":"D Athauda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Athauda D, Foltynie T (2016) The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP) receptor as a therapeutic target in Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms of action. Drug Discov Today 21(5):802\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.01.013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.19824-17.0","volume":"28","author":"D Ceyhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ceyhan D, Kocman A, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m E, Ozatik O, Aydin \u015e, K\u00f6se A (2018) Comparison of the effects of curcumin, tramadol and surgical treatments on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats. Turkish Neurosurge 28(2):288\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.19824-17.0","journal-title":"Turkish Neurosurge"},{"issue":"3","key":"3789_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1159\/000478872","volume":"42","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Zhao H, Ma X, Zhang Y, Lu S, Wang Y, Zong C, Qin D, Wang Y, Yingfeng Yang Y (2017) GLP-1\/GLP-1R signaling in regulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem 42(3):1165\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000478872","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3291","volume":"41","author":"S Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng S, Liang S, Liu Q, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Du J, Zhang YN, Li S, Cheng B, Ling C (2018) Diosgenin prevents high-fat diet-induced rat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through the AMPK and LXR signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 41(2):1089\u20131095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3291","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3789_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"84","author":"R Dapson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dapson R, Horobin R (2009) Dyes from a twenty-first century perspective. Biotech Histochem 84(4):135\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"key":"3789_CR8","first-page":"128","volume":"31","author":"NMW de Alwis","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Alwis NMW, Day CP (2007) Genetics of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 31:128\u2013146","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"3789_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176165","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"960","author":"MA Eisa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eisa MA, Mansour AM, Salama SA, Elsadek BE, Ashour AA, Abdelghany TM (2023) Estrogen\/estrogen receptor activation protects against DEN-induced liver fibrosis in female rats via modulating TLR-4\/NF-k\u03b2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 960:176165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3789_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ensler K, Mohammadieh M, Br\u00f6ijers\u00e9n A, Angelin B, G\u00e5fvels M (2002) Dexamethasone stimulates very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor gene expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Mol Cell Biol Lipids, 1581(1-2), 36-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00118-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00118-X"},{"key":"3789_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602574","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.602574","volume":"8","author":"Y Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang Y, Ji L, Zhu C, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Lu J, Yin J, Wei L (2020) Liraglutide alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating the TFEB-regulated autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:602574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.602574","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"3789_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107003","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"88","author":"Z Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng Z, Pang L, Chen S, Pang X, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Wang Y, Vonglorkham S, Huang Q, Lin X (2020) Didymin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/Akt pathways in C57BL\/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 88:107003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3789_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.12.023","volume":"99","author":"AC Fong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fong AC, Cheung NW (2013) The high incidence of steroid-induced hyperglycaemia in hospital. Diab Res Clin pPract 99(3):277\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.12.023","journal-title":"Diab Res Clin pPract"},{"key":"3789_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"136","author":"JF Glatz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glatz JF, Luiken JJ (2017) From fat to FAT (CD36\/SR-B2): Understanding the regulation of cellular fatty acid uptake. Biochimie 136:21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-018-0736-z","volume":"34","author":"N Hasona","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasona N, Morsi A (2019) Grape seed extract alleviates dexamethasone-induced hyperlipidemia, lipid peroxidation, and hematological alteration in rats. Ind J Clin Biochem 34(2):213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12291-018-0736-z","journal-title":"Ind J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"3789_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"74","author":"Y Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Y, He W, Huang Y, Xiang H, Guo J, Che Y, Cheng X, Hu F, Hu M, Ma T (2021) Fatty acid synthase\u2013suppressor screening identifies sorting nexin 8 as a therapeutic target for NAFLD. Hepatology 74(5):2508\u20132525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3789_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9924","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo02152k","volume":"11","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang J, Li W, Liao W, Hao Q, Tang D, Wang D, Wang Y, Ge G (2020) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ameliorates intestinal immunity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 11(11):9924\u20139935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0fo02152k","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"7","key":"3789_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3316\/informit.405251047909468","volume":"42","author":"D Iser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iser D, Ryan M (2013) Fatty liver disease: a practical guide for GPs. Austr Fam Phys 42(7):444\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3316\/informit.405251047909468","journal-title":"Austr Fam Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4344905","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"2022","author":"S Jarmakiewicz-Czaja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal A, Pardak P, Filip R (2022) Glucocorticosteroids and the risk of NAFLD in inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022(1):4344905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Canadian J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.22092\/ari.2021.356468.1847","volume":"71","author":"NH Jasim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jasim NH, Kareem DA, Ali A, Majeed M, Abbas B (2022) Effect of long-term treatment with dexamethasone on the liver and kidney histopathology, as well as blood biochemistry in male rabbits (Lepus Cuniculus). Institut Razi Archives 71(1):333\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22092\/ari.2021.356468.1847","journal-title":"Institut Razi Archives"},{"key":"3789_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"10","author":"LB Knudsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knudsen LB, Lau J (2019) The discovery and development of liraglutide and semaglutide. Front Endocrinol 10:155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6237405","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6237405","volume":"2022","author":"M-W Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong M-W, Gao Y, Xie Y-Y, Xing E-H, Sun L-X, Ma H-J, Xing H-Y (2022) Mechanism of GLP-1 receptor agonists-mediated attenuation of palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in L6 myoblasts. BioMed Res Int 2022(1):6237405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6237405","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00512","volume":"159","author":"J Kroon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kroon J, Koorneef LL, van den Heuvel JK, Verzijl CR, van de Velde NM, Mol IM, Sips HC, Hunt H, Rensen PC, Meijer OC (2018) Selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT125281 activates brown adipose tissue and alters lipid distribution in male mice. Endocrinology 159(1):535\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2017-00512","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.095","volume":"478","author":"N Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li N, Zhao Y, Yue Y, Chen L, Yao Z, Niu W (2016) Liraglutide ameliorates palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction through activating AMPK and reversing leptin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 478(1):46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.07.095","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3789_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","author":"S Magaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Magaki S, Hojat SA, Wei B, So A, Yong WH (2019) An introduction to the performance of immunohistochemistry. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"3789_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"9","author":"AK Malkawi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malkawi AK, Alzoubi KH, Jacob M, Matic G, Ali A, Al Faraj A, Almuhanna F, Dasouki M, Abdel Rahman AM (2018) Metabolomics based profiling of dexamethasone side effects in rats. Front Pharmacol 9:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G225","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"302","author":"JE Mells","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mells JE, Fu PP, Sharma S, Olson D, Cheng L, Handy JA, Saxena NK, Sorescu D, Anania FA (2012) Glp-1 analog, liraglutide, ameliorates hepatic steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL\/6J mice fed a Western diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointestin Liver Physiol 302(2):G225\u2013G235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointestin Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"35","author":"MS Mundi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mundi MS, Velapati S, Patel J, Kellogg TA, Abu Dayyeh BK, Hurt RT (2020) Evolution of NAFLD and its management. Nutr Clin Pract 35(1):72\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"3789_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2241-2","volume":"54","author":"M Nagashima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagashima M, Watanabe T, Terasaki M, Tomoyasu M, Nohtomi K, Kim-Kaneyama J, Miyazaki A, Hirano T (2011) Native incretins prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Diabetologia 54:2649\u20132659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-011-2241-2","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3789_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23784","volume":"52","author":"BA Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Clark JM, Bass NM, Van Natta ML, Unalp-Arida A, Tonascia J, Zein CO, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, McCullough AJ (2010) Clinical, laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 52(3):913\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23784","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"24","author":"R Nevola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nevola R, Epifani R, Imbriani S, Tortorella G, Aprea C, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Marfella R, Sasso FC (2023) GLP-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 24(2):1703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3789_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"1","author":"S Parasuraman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Kesavan R (2010) Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 1(2):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"issue":"15","key":"3789_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8180","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"47","author":"NV Parsonnet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parsonnet NV, Lammer NC, Holmes ZE, Batey RT, Wuttke DS (2019) The glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain recognizes RNA hairpin structures with high affinity. Nucl Acids Res 47(15):8180\u20138192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"3789_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"13","author":"L Rahimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahimi L, Rajpal A, Ismail-Beigi F (2020) Glucocorticoid-induced fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 13:1133\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"3789_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70364-7","volume":"118","author":"V Ratziu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ratziu V, Giral P, Charlotte F, Bruckert E, Thibault V, Theodorou I, Khalil L, Turpin G, Opolon P, Poynard T (2000) Liver fibrosis in overweight patients. Gastroenterology 118(6):1117\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70364-7","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3789_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"20","author":"A-AS Shatat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shatat A-AS, Mahgoup EM, Rashed MH, Saleh IG, Akool E-S (2024) Molecular mechanisms of extracellular-ATP-mediated colorectal cancer progression: Implication of purinergic receptors-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Purinergic Signal 20:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"3789_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"61","author":"E Stotz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stotz E, Schenk E, Churukian C, Willis C (1986) Oil red O: comparison of staining quality and chemical components as determined by thin layer chromatography. Stain Technol 61(3):187\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Stain Technol"},{"issue":"42","key":"3789_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15539","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"20","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Fukusato T (2014) Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol WJG 20(42):15539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol WJG"},{"issue":"5","key":"3789_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051442","volume":"13","author":"P Vancells Lujan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancells Lujan P, Vinas Esmel E, Sacanella Meseguer E (2021) Overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of sugary food consumption and other dietary components in its development. Nutrients 13(5):1442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051442","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"3789_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"18","author":"ER Weikum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weikum ER, Knuesel MT, Ortlund EA, Yamamoto KR (2017) Glucocorticoid receptor control of transcription: precision and plasticity via allostery. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18(3):159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3789_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.07.020","volume":"154","author":"CP Woods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woods CP, Hazlehurst JM, Tomlinson JW (2015) Glucocorticoids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 154:94\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.07.020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"3789_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01551-3","volume":"57","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wei X, Wu L, Wang T, Ma A (2020) Exendin-4 reverses high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction via SDF-1\u03b2\/CXCR7\u2013AMPK\/p38-MAPK\/IL-6 axis. Acta Diabetologica 57:1315\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-020-01551-3","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"3789_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947549","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.64","volume":"2020","author":"N Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang N, Tao J, Gao L, Bi Y, Li P, Wang H, Zhu D, Feng W (2020) Liraglutide attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota in rats administered a high-fat diet. BioMed Res Int 2020(1):2947549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mt.2015.64","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T04:50:52Z","timestamp":1752555052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-025-03789-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}