{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:27:36Z","timestamp":1793406456394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia,","award":["BA-24 022."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA-24 022."]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia,","award":["BA-24 022."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA-24 022."]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia,","award":["BA-24 022."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA-24 022."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T06:26:01Z","timestamp":1745475961000},"page":"14175-14188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in ICU patients of a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: distribution of carbapenemase genes in clinical and rectal swab samples"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"398","author":[{"given":"Amal Daher","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alharbi Mohammed","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumayyah Mohammad","family":"Almarshedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2813-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AlOmar RS, AlShamlan NA, AlAmer NA et al (2021) Perceived barriers to primary care services utilization and its associations with overall satisfaction of patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. J Primary Care Commun Health 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501327211014065","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211014065"},{"issue":"5","key":"4194_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.05.004","volume":"10","author":"FE Alotaibi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alotaibi FE, Bukhari EE, Al-Mohizea MM, Hafiz T, Essa EB, AlTokhais YI (2017) Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Epidemiology, clinical profiles and outcomes. J Infect Public Health 10(5):667\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.05.004","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"4194_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893954","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.893954","volume":"13","author":"M Al-Otaiby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Otaiby M, Almutairi KM, Vinluan JM, Al Seraihi A, Alonazi WB, Qahtani MH, Aljeri T, Alhumud MA, Alobaidi N, Alhurishi SA (2022) Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and length of stay of COVID-19 patients admitted into intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne) 13(9):893954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.893954","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"4194_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1519-0","volume":"31","author":"HH Balkhy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balkhy HH, El-Saed A, Johani SM et al (2012) The epidemiology of the first described carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: how far do we go? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(8):1901\u20131909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1519-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4194_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S150005","volume":"11","author":"N Bourafa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bourafa N et al (2018) Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates in Algeria. Infect Drug Resistance 11:735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S150005","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resistance"},{"issue":"8","key":"4194_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a025247","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025247","volume":"6","author":"K Bush","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bush K, Bradford PA (2016) \u03b2-Lactams and \u03b2-Lactamase inhibitors: an overview. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 6(8):a025247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a025247","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"4194_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai Z, Tao J, Jia T, Fu H, Zhang XZhao M, Du H, Yu H, Shan B, Huang B, Chen LTang YJia W, Qu F (2020) Multicenter evaluation of the Xpert Carba-R assay for detection and identification of carbapenemase genes in sputum specimens. J Clin Microbiol 58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00644-20","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00644-20"},{"issue":"2","key":"4194_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp431","volume":"65","author":"CG Carvalhaes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carvalhaes CG, Picao RC, Nicoletti AG et al (2010) Cloverleaf test (modified Hodge test) for detecting carbapenemase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae: be aware of false positive results. J Antimicrob Chemother 65(2):249\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkp431","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"4194_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020261","volume":"8","author":"C-W Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C-W, Tang H-J, Chen C-C et al (2019) The microbiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carrying the mcr-1 gene. J Clin Med 8(2):261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8020261","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4194_CR10","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2022) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In: CLSI supplement M100, 32nd edn. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"FS Codjoe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Codjoe FS, Donkor ES (2017) carbapenem resistance: a review. Med Sci 6(1):1","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"4194_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249856","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/249856","volume":"2014","author":"L Dortet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dortet L, Poirel L, Nordmann P (2014) Worldwide dissemination of the NDM-type carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria. Biomed Res Int 2014:249856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/249856","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"4194_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.121004","volume":"20","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Tansarli GS, Karageorgopoulos DE, Vardakas KZ (2014) Deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. Emerg Infect Dis 20(7):1170\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2007.121004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4194_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","volume":"8","author":"HC Flemming","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flemming HC, Wingender J (2010) The biofilm matrix. Nat Rev Microbiol 8(9):623\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2415","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir202","volume":"53","author":"N Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta N, Limbago BM, Patel JB et al (2011) Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: epidemiology and prevention. Clin Infect Dis 53(1):60\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir202","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-015-1148-6","volume":"198","author":"P Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta P, Sarkar S, Das B, Bhattacharjee S, Tribedi P (2016) Biofilm, pathogenesis and prevention\u2013a journey to break the wall: a review. Arch Microbiol 198(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-015-1148-6","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4194_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029","volume":"49","author":"K Jeannot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeannot K, Bolard A, Pl\u00e9siat P (2017) Resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative organisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 49(5):526\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2020.10.017","volume":"23","author":"X Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin X, Zhang H, Wu S, Qin X, Jia P, Tenover FC, Tang Y-W, Li M, Hu F, Yang Q, Yu Y (2021) Multicenter evaluation of Xpert Carba-R assay for detection and identification of the carbapenemase genes in rectal swabs and clinical isolates. J Mol Diagn 23(1):111\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2020.10.017","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"6","key":"4194_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01520-6","volume":"48","author":"S Karakonstantis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karakonstantis S, Kritsotakis EI, Gikas A (2020) Treatment options for K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii co-resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and tigecycline: an approach based on the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems. Infection 48(6):835\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01520-6","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4194_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13410-024-01423-4","author":"MS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan MS, Jahan N, Khatoon R et al (2024a) The diabetic foot ulcer: Biofilm, antimicrobial resistance, and amputation. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13410-024-01423-4","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"key":"4194_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.51470\/bca.2024.24.2.1681","volume":"24","author":"MS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan MS, Jahan N, Khatoon R, Ansari FM, Ahmad S (2024b) Diabetic foot ulcer: Aerobic bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance profile. Biochem Cell Arch 24:1681\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51470\/bca.2024.24.2.1681","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Arch"},{"key":"4194_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03341","volume":"9","author":"M Miao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao M, Wen H, Xu P et al (2018) Genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. Front Microbiol 9:3341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03341","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4194_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70190-7","volume":"13","author":"LS Munoz-Price","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munoz-Price LS, Poirel L, Bonomo RA, Schwaber MJ, Daikos GL, Cormican M, Cornaglia G, Garau J, Gniadkowski M, Hayden MK, Kumarasamy K, Livermore DM, Maya JJ, Nordmann P, Patel JB, Paterson DL, Pitout J, Villegas MV, Wang H, Woodford N, Quinn JP (2013) Clinical epidemiology of the global expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases. Lancet Infect Dis 13(9):785\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70190-7","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"4194_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S521","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz824","volume":"69","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nordmann P, Poirel L (2019) Epidemiology and diagnostics of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 69(Suppl 7):S521\u2013S528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz824","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4194_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.120355","volume":"18","author":"P Nordmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nordmann P, Poirel L, Dortet L (2012) Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emerg Infect Dis 18(9):1503\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1809.120355","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4194_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx322","volume":"72","author":"J Nowak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowak J, Zander E, Stefanik D, Higgins PG, Roca I, Vila J, McConnell MJ, Cisneros JM, Seifert H, MagicBullet Working Group WP4 (2017) High incidence of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in Greece, Italy and Spain as part of the MagicBullet clinical trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 72(12):3277\u20133282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkx322","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"4194_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00650-4","volume":"20","author":"JD Pitout","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitout JD, Peirano G, Kock MM, Strydom KA, Matsumura Y (2022) The global ascendency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing metallo-\u03b2-lactamases. Nat Rev Microbiol 20(4):206\u2013220","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4194_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks121","volume":"67","author":"L Poirel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poirel L, Potron A, Nordmann P (2012) OXA-48-like carbapenemases: the phantom menace. J Antimicrob Chemother 67(7):1597\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dks121","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"4194_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00079","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-17","volume":"31","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o J, Guti\u00e9rrez-Guti\u00e9rrez B, Machuca I, Pascual A (2018) Treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae. Clin Microbiol Rev 31(2):e00079-e117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00079-17","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"4194_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000356","volume":"65","author":"MR Sadeghi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadeghi MR et al (2016) Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase, plasmid-mediated AmpC cephalosporinase and carbapenemase genes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates in five medical centres of East and West Azerbaijan, Iran. J Med Microbiol 65(11):1322\u20131331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000356","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00418-x","volume":"20","author":"S Shadkam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shadkam S, Goli HR, Mirzaei B, Gholami M, Ahanjan M (2021) Correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capability among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Iran. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 20(1):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-021-00418-x","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"4194_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.126662","volume":"625","author":"M Sharaf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharaf M, Hamouda HI, Shabana S et al (2021a) Design of lipid-based nanocarrier for drug delivery has a double therapy for six common pathogens eradication. Colloids Surf a Physicochem Eng Asp 625:126662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.126662","journal-title":"Colloids Surf a Physicochem Eng Asp"},{"key":"4194_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.104896","volume":"112","author":"M Sharaf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharaf M, Arif M, Khan S et al (2021b) Co-delivery of hesperidin and clarithromycin in a nanostructured lipid carrier for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Bioorg Chem 112:104896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.104896","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"4194_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716627","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716627","volume":"17","author":"MM Sherif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sherif MM, Elkhatib WF, Khalaf WS, Elleboudy NS, Abdelaziz NA (2021) Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms: evaluation of phenotypic-genotypic association and susceptibility to cinnamic and gallic acids. Front Microbiol 17(12):716627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716627","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"4194_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.033","volume":"25","author":"A Sleiman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sleiman A, Fayad AGA, Banna H, Matar GM (2021) Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and their resistance determinants in the Eastern Mediterranean Region over the last decade. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 25:209\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.033","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"4194_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x","volume":"115","author":"S Stepanovic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stepanovic S, Vukovi D, Hola V, Bonaventura GD, Djuki\u0107 S, Cirkovi\u0107 I et al (2007) Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci. APMIS 115:891\u2013899","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"3","key":"4194_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","volume":"18","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, Pulcini C, Kahlmeter G, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y, Ouellette M, Outterson K, Patel J, Cavaleri M, Cox EM, Houchens CR, Grayson ML, Hansen P, Singh N, Theuretzbacher U, Magrini N, WHO Pathogens Priority List Working Group (2018) Discovery, research, and development of new antibacterial drugs: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 18(3):318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"4194_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1013","volume":"74","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ (2022) Infectious diseases society of America guidance on the treatment of AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase-producing enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Clin Infect Dis 74(12):2089\u20132114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab1013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4194_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00341-16","volume":"54","author":"M Tato","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tato M, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Traczewski M et al (2016) Multisite evaluation of cepheid Xpert Carba-R assay for detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms in rectal swabs. J Clin Microbiol 54(7):1814\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00341-16","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01730-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01730-17","volume":"62","author":"K van Loon","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Loon K, Voor AF, Vos MC (2018) A systematic review and meta-analyses of the clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62(1):e01730-17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01730-17","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"4194_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030743","volume":"3","author":"C Vuotto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vuotto C, Longo F, Balice MP, Donelli G, Varaldo PE (2014) Antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens 3(3):743\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens3030743","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-16","volume":"30","author":"D Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong D, Nielsen TB, Bonomo RA, Pantapalangkoor P, Luna B, Spellberg B (2017) Clinical and pathophysiological overview of Acinetobacter infections: a century of challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 30(1):409\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00058-16","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4194_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0200-5","volume":"6","author":"AR Zaidah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaidah AR, Mohammad NI, Suraiya S et al (2017) High burden of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) fecal carriage at a teaching hospital: cost-effectiveness of screening in low-resource setting. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 6(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-017-0200-5","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"4194_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1622","volume":"35","author":"EJ Zasowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zasowski EJ, Rybak JM, Rybak MJ (2015) The \u03b2-lactams strike back: ceftazidime-avibactam. Pharmacotherapy 35(8):755\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.1622","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T04:11:24Z","timestamp":1759983084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04194-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Hail Health Cluster (Approval IRB Log Number: 2025\u20135; 29 January 2025) and the University of Hail (H- 2025\u2013555; 13 January 2025), Saudi Arabia.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}]}}