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These processes are significant contributors to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders, which involve neuronal dysfunction, cell loss, and behavioral impairments. Under conditions of oxidative stress, activated microglia release pro-inflammatory mediators, further intensifying neuronal damage. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), a compound with well-documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has shown potential in mitigating such neurodegenerative processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BSS in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced autism model, alongside its impact on behavioral outcomes. The study utilized 30 male Wistar albino rats, with PPA administered intraperitoneally at 250\u00a0mg\/kg\/day for 5\u00a0days to induce an autism-like phenotype. Rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Normal control,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910); Group 2 (PPA\u2009+\u2009saline, PPAS,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910); and Group 3 (PPA\u2009+\u2009BSS, PPAB,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910). Treatments were administered for 15\u00a0days. Behavioral performance was assessed through three-chamber sociability, open field, and passive avoidance learning tests, followed by biochemical and histological evaluations of brain tissues. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-17 levels in the PPAS group, indicating heightened oxidative stress and inflammation. Treatment notably reduced these markers, suggesting its efficacy in mitigating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated reduced glial activation and enhanced neuronal preservation in the hippocampal and cerebellar regions of treated rats. Additionally, behavioral impairments in social interaction, exploration, and memory were significantly improved with BSS therapy. These results suggest that BSS may confer neuroprotective effects through attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, potentially contributing to improved neuronal function and behavioral performance in a PPA-induced autism model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04255-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T05:28:02Z","timestamp":1747286882000},"page":"15763-15774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic effect of bismuth subsalicylate in a propionic acid\u2013induced autism model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"398","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-0777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kubilay Do\u011fan","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4334-9320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u011fit","family":"Uyan\u0131kgil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4979-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lora","family":"Koenhemsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berzah","family":"G\u00fcne\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru","family":"Ero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oytun","family":"Erba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9257","DOI":"10.1007\/S11356-021-16311-1","volume":"29","author":"HM Abdou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdou HM, Abd Elkader HTAE, El-Gendy AH, Eweda SM (2022) Neurotoxicity and neuroinflammatory effects of bisphenol A in male rats: the neuroprotective role of grape seed proanthocyanidins. 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