{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:25:04Z","timestamp":1793395504738,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023674","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/346\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/346\/45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T03:53:21Z","timestamp":1749786801000},"page":"17573-17593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Triazole-functionalized compounds as promising antifungal agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and mechanistic insights"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"398","author":[{"given":"Basmah","family":"Almohaywi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany E. A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Kotb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moaz","family":"Alsedawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"EL-Sayed E.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed K. B.","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Alosaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryam S.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar F.","family":"Miski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elsebaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202404320","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202404320","volume":"10","author":"AA Abuelkhir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abuelkhir AA, Nagy YI, Gamal T et al (2025) Small Molecule Alkynyl-Phenylaminoguanidines: A New Weapon Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria. ChemistrySelect 10(4):e202404320","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"4350_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2016.03.003","volume":"66","author":"HEA Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed HEA, Abdel-Salam HA, Shaker MA (2016) Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling, and potential antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel 2-aminoisoindoline-1, 3-dione derivatives. Bioorg Chem 66:1\u201311","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.11.019","volume":"76","author":"HE Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed HE, Ihmaid SK, Omar AM et al (2018) Design, synthesis, molecular docking of new lipophilic acetamide derivatives affording potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 76:332\u2013342","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2019.03.012","volume":"1186","author":"HE Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmed HE, El-Nassag MA, Hassan AH et al (2019) Developing lipophilic aromatic halogenated fused systems with specific ring orientations, leading to potent anticancer analogs and targeting the c-Src Kinase enzyme. J Mol Struct 1186:212\u2013223","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"issue":"07","key":"4350_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1142\/S2737416522300036","volume":"21","author":"HEA Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed HEA, Amer A, Senior SA et al (2022) Extensive study of DFT-quantum calculations based QSAR modeling of fused 1,2,4-triazine derivatives revealed potent CYP1A1 inhibitors. J Comput Biophys Chem 21(07):741\u2013758","journal-title":"J Comput Biophys Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"4350_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.007","volume":"13","author":"K Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam K, Farraj DAA, Mah EFS et al (2020) Anti-biofilm activity of plant derived extracts against infectious pathogen-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Infect Public Health 13(11):1734\u20131741","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"4350_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9529","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2252088","volume":"42","author":"M Almaghrabi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almaghrabi M, Musa A, Aljohani AKB et al (2024) Introducing of novel class of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile analogs with potent antimicrobial activity, DNA gyrase inhibition, and prominent pharmacokinetic and CNS toxicity profiles supported by molecular dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 42(18):9529\u20139546","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"issue":"12","key":"4350_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9120877","volume":"9","author":"A Arastehfar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arastehfar A, Gabald\u00f3n T, Garcia-Rubio R et al (2020) Drug-resistant fungi: an emerging challenge threatening our limited antifungal armamentarium. Antibiotics 9(12):877","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.21608\/ajps.2024.360406","volume":"69","author":"SS Atwa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atwa SS, Hagras M, Mayhoub AS, Elsebaei M (2024) Synthesis of some new azole derivatives as antibacterial agents. Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci 69(1):108\u2013129","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"4350_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.107228","volume":"145","author":"AA Awaji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Awaji AA, Zaloa WAZE, Seleem MA et al (2024) N- and s-substituted Pyrazolopyrimidines: A promising new class of potent c-Src kinase inhibitors with prominent antitumor activity. Bioorg Chem 145:107228","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00160-3","volume":"47","author":"A Balows","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balows A (2003) Manual of clinical microbiology 8th edition: PR Murray, EJ Baron, JH Jorgenson, MA Pfaller, and RH Yolken, eds., ASM Press, 2003, 2113 pages, 2 vol, 2003+ subject & author indices, ISBN: 1-555810255-4, US $189.95. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47(4):625","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4350_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00069","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00069-00019","volume":"33","author":"EL Berkow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berkow EL, Lockhart SR, Ostrosky-Zeichner L (2020) Antifungal susceptibility testing: current approaches. Clin Microbiol Rev 33(3):e00069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00069-00019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","volume":"28","author":"HM Berman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z et al (2000) The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res 28(1):235\u2013242","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02449","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02449-21","volume":"60","author":"CG Carvalhaes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carvalhaes CG, Klauer AL, Rhomberg PR, Pfaller MA, Castanheira M (2022) Evaluation of rezafungin provisional CLSI clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values tested against a worldwide collection of contemporaneous invasive fungal isolates (2019 to 2020). J Clin Microbiol 60(4):e02449-e2421","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4350_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.10.004","volume":"23","author":"MA Cataldo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cataldo MA, Tetaj N, Selleri M et al (2020) Incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients in intensive care: An alarming \u201ccollateral effect.\u201d J Global Antimicrob Resist 23:290\u2013291","journal-title":"J Global Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11040-024-09485-w","volume":"27","author":"TC Corso","year":"2024","unstructured":"Corso TC (2024) Two-term asymptotics of the exchange energy of the electron gas on symmetric polytopes in the high-density limit. Math Phys Anal Geom 27(4):17","journal-title":"Math Phys Anal Geom"},{"key":"4350_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dadgostar P (2019) Antimicrobial resistance: implications and costs. Infection and drug resistance, pp 3903\u20133910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S234610","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S234610"},{"key":"4350_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19","volume":"1263","author":"S Dallakyan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dallakyan S, Olson AJ (2015) Small-molecule library screening by docking with PyRx. Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, N.J.) 1263:243\u2013250","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, N.J.)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4350_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005125","volume":"10","author":"F-A Dauchy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dauchy F-A, Bonhivers M, Landrein N et al (2016) Trypanosoma brucei CYP51: essentiality and targeting therapy in an experimental model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(11):e0005125","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"4350_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delgado J, N\u00fa\u00f1ez F, Berm\u00fadez E, Asensio MA (2024) Mechanisms of antifungal resistance. In: Molecular Medical Microbiology. Elsevier; pp 2847\u20132864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-818619-0.00156-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818619-0.00156-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"4350_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1021\/np020725b","volume":"65","author":"F Demirci","year":"2002","unstructured":"Demirci F, Baser KHC (2002) Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development By Atta-ur-Rahman, M. Iqbal Choudhary (HEJRIC, University of Karachi, Pakistan), William J. Thomsen (Areana Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA). Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2001. xii + 223 pp. 15.5 \u00d7 23.5 cm. $79.00. ISBN 90-5823-051-1. J Natl Prod 65(7):1086\u20131087","journal-title":"J Natl Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"4350_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2020-002604","volume":"29","author":"DW Denning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Denning DW (2022) Antifungal drug resistance: an update. Eur J Hosp Pharm 29(2):109\u2013112","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"4350_CR23","first-page":"e149","volume":"21","author":"DW Denning","year":"2024","unstructured":"Denning DW (2024) Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 21(6):e149\u2013e162","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4350_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.08.039","volume":"139","author":"I Eid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eid I, Elsebaei MM, Mohammad H et al (2017) Arylthiazole antibiotics targeting intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 139:665\u2013673","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"4350_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MD00351A","volume":"14","author":"HTN El-Din","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Din HTN, Elsebaie MM, Abutaleb NS et al (2023) Expanding the structure\u2013activity relationships of alkynyl diphenylurea scaffold as promising antibacterial agents. RSC Med Chem 14(2):367\u2013377","journal-title":"RSC Med Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.02.031","volume":"148","author":"MM Elsebaei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elsebaei MM, Mohammad H, Abouf M et al (2018) Alkynyl-containing phenylthiazoles: Systemically active antibacterial agents effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 148:195\u2013209","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111593","volume":"182","author":"MM Elsebaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsebaei MM, Abutaleb NS, Mahgoub AA et al (2019a) Phenylthiazoles with nitrogenous side chain: an approach to overcome molecular obesity. Eur J Med Chem 182:111593","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.04.063","volume":"175","author":"MM Elsebaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsebaei MM, Mohammad H, Samir A et al (2019b) Lipophilic efficient phenylthiazoles with potent undecaprenyl pyrophosphatase inhibitory activity. Eur J Med Chem 175:49\u201362","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"54","key":"4350_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39977","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA07367C","volume":"14","author":"MM Elsebaei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsebaei MM, Ezzat HG, Helal AM et al (2024) Rational design and synthesis of novel phenyltriazole derivatives targeting MRSA cell wall biosynthesis. RSC Adv 14(54):39977\u201339994","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4350_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114204","volume":"234","author":"MM Elsebaie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elsebaie MM, El-Din HTN, Abutaleb NS et al (2022) Exploring the structure-activity relationships of diphenylurea as an antibacterial scaffold active against methicillin-and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 234:114204","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"6390","key":"4350_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap7999","volume":"360","author":"MC Fisher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fisher MC, Hawkins NJ, Sanglard D, Gurr SJ (2018) Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security. Science (New York, N.Y.) 360(6390):739\u2013742","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"9","key":"4350_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94","volume":"14","author":"H-C Flemming","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flemming H-C, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(9):563\u2013575","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4350_CR33","unstructured":"Gaussian 03 RC (2004) M. J. Frisch et al,. (Ed.^(Eds) (Pople, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT)"},{"issue":"17","key":"4350_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7998","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b00720","volume":"62","author":"A Hammad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammad A, Abutaleb NS, Elsebaei MM et al (2019) From phenylthiazoles to phenylpyrazoles: broadening the antibacterial spectrum toward carbapenem-resistant bacteria. J Med Chem 62(17):7998\u20138010","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"48","key":"4350_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28171","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA04518J","volume":"9","author":"AM Helal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Helal AM, Sayed AM, Omara M, Elsebaei MM, Mayhoub AS (2019) Peptidoglycan pathways: there are still more! RSC Adv 9(48):28171\u201328185","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"4350_CR36","first-page":"541","volume":"2","author":"A Hend","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hend A, El-sayed YAF (2021) Correlation between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Infect Dis 2(3):541\u2013549","journal-title":"Microb Infect Dis"},{"key":"4350_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111830","volume":"185","author":"Y Hosny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hosny Y, Abutaleb NS, Omara M et al (2020) Modifying the lipophilic part of phenylthiazole antibiotics to control their drug-likeness. Eur J Med Chem 185:111830","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4350_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-017-2264-z","volume":"33","author":"A Jadhav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jadhav A, Bansode B, Phule D et al (2017) The antibacterial agent, moxifloxacin inhibits virulence factors of Candida albicans through multitargeting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33(5):96","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"4350_CR39","volume-title":"Drug-resistant infections: a threat to our economic future","author":"OB Jonas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jonas OB, Irwin A, Berthe FCJ, Le Gall FG, Marquez PV (2017) Drug-resistant infections: a threat to our economic future. World Bank Group, Washington, DC"},{"issue":"6","key":"4350_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1","volume":"21","author":"P Koehler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koehler P, Bassetti M, Chakrabarti A et al (2021) Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM\/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance. Lancet Infect Dis 21(6):e149\u2013e162","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4350_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.21608\/ajps.2019.70236","volume":"60","author":"A Mancy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mancy A (2019) Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of arylazole derivatives. Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci 60(2):43\u201350","journal-title":"Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00211","volume":"6","author":"A Mancy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mancy A, Abutaleb NS, Elsebaei MM et al (2019) Balancing physicochemical properties of phenylthiazole compounds with antibacterial potency by modifying the lipophilic side chain. ACS Infect Dis 6(1):80\u201390","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-018-0258-y","volume":"10","author":"H Moriwaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moriwaki H, Tian Y-S, Kawashita N, Takagi T (2018) Mordred: a molecular descriptor calculator. J Cheminformatics 10(1):4","journal-title":"J Cheminformatics"},{"issue":"14","key":"4350_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-987X(19981115)19:14<1639::AID-JCC10>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"19","author":"GM Morris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Halliday RS et al (1998) Automated docking using a Lamarckian genetic algorithm and an empirical binding free energy function. J Comput Chem 19(14):1639\u20131662","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4350_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65(1\u20132):55\u201363","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"4350_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlad141","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad141","volume":"5","author":"S Mudenda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mudenda S, Matafwali SK, Mukosha M et al (2023) Antifungal resistance and stewardship: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia; findings and implications. JAC Antimicrob Resist 5(6):dlad141","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"21","key":"4350_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12411","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2167000","volume":"41","author":"A Musa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Musa A, Ihmaid SK, Hughes DL et al (2023) The anticancer and EGFR-TK\/CDK-9 dual inhibitory potentials of new synthetic pyranopyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives: X-ray crystallography, in vitro, and in silico mechanistic investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 41(21):12411\u201312425","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"4350_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104330","volume":"69","author":"CJ Nobile","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nobile CJ, Johnson AD (2015) Candida albicans biofilms and human disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 69:71\u201392","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.08.013","volume":"51","author":"L Nooney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nooney L, Matthews RC, Burnie JP (2005) Evaluation of Mycograb, amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole in combination against Cryptococcus neoformans by checkerboard and time-kill methodologies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 51(1):19\u201329","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4350_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103781","volume":"99","author":"AM Omar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omar AM, Ihmaid S, Habib EE et al (2020a) The rational design, synthesis, and antimicrobial investigation of 2-Amino-4-Methylthiazole analogues inhibitors of GlcN-6-P synthase. Bioorg Chem 99:103781","journal-title":"Bioorg Chem"},{"key":"4350_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2020.103656","volume":"96","author":"AM Omar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omar AM, Alswah M, Ahmed HEA et al (2020b) Antimicrobial screening and pharmacokinetic profiling of novel phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline analogues targeting DHFR and E. coli DNA gyrase B. Bioorganic Chemistry 96:103656","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182019000400403","volume":"36","author":"JP Osorio-Lombana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osorio-Lombana JP, Cuervo-Maldonado SI, L\u00f3pez-Mora MJ, G\u00f3mez-Rinc\u00f3n JC (2019) Prescripci\u00f3n inapropiada de antif\u00fangicos y la necesidad de programas para su uso racional. Rev Chilena Infectol 36(4):403\u2013413","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4350_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940600976953","volume":"14","author":"SC Ozdek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozdek SC, Miller D, Flynn PM, Flynn HW (2006) In vitro antifungal activity of the fourth generation fluoroquinolones against Candida isolates from human ocular infections. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 14(6):347\u2013351","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"4350_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O'Toole GA (2011) Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay.&nbsp;Journal of visualized experiments. JoVE (47), 2437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/2437-v","DOI":"10.3791\/2437-v"},{"issue":"3","key":"4350_CR55","first-page":"365","volume":"16","author":"J Paredes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paredes J, Alonso-Arce M, Schmidt C et al (2014) Smart central venous port for early detection of bacterial biofilm related infections. Biomed Microdevice 16(3):365\u2013374","journal-title":"Biomed Microdevice"},{"issue":"13","key":"4350_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.2174\/1385272825666210412160142","volume":"25","author":"P Phukan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phukan P, Sarma D (2021) Synthesis of medicinally relevant scaffolds-triazoles and pyrazoles in green solvent ionic liquids. Curr Org Chem 25(13):1523\u20131538","journal-title":"Curr Org Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4350_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14148","volume":"101","author":"A Rammohan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rammohan A, Venkatesh BC, Basha NM, Zyryanov GV, Nageswararao M (2023) Comprehensive review on natural pharmacophore tethered 1, 2, 3-triazoles as active pharmaceuticals. Chem Biol Drug des 101(5):1181\u20131203","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug des"},{"key":"4350_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.04.010","volume":"284","author":"N Rezki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezki N, Al-Sodies SA, Ahmed HEA et al (2019) A novel dicationic ionic liquids encompassing pyridinium hydrazone-phenoxy conjugates as antimicrobial agents targeting diverse high resistant microbial strains. J Mol Liq 284:431\u2013444","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"4350_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakr N (2020) Conservation of cerealfungi following different methods of preservation for long terms. Pak J Phytopathol 32(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33866\/phytopathol.030.02.0584","DOI":"10.33866\/phytopathol.030.02.0584"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.4570","volume":"60","author":"AM Sayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayed AM, Abutaleb NS, Kotb A et al (2023) Arylpyrazole as selective anti-enterococci; synthesis and biological evaluation of novel derivatives for their antimicrobial efficacy. J Heterocycl Chem 60(1):134\u2013144","journal-title":"J Heterocycl Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"4350_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202301143","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202301143","volume":"20","author":"IG Shahin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahin IG, Mohamed KO, Taher AT et al (2023) New Phenylthiazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-COVID-19 Candidates. Chem Biodivers 20(11):e202301143","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers"},{"issue":"6002","key":"4350_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187409","volume":"330","author":"DE Shaw","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaw DE, Maragakis P, Lindorff-Larsen K et al (2010) Atomic-level characterization of the structural dynamics of proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330(6002):341\u2013346","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4350_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/17568919.2024.2437980","volume":"17","author":"MA Soliman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soliman MA, Ahmed HEA, Eltamany EH et al (2025a) Novel bis-benzimidazole-triazole hybrids: anticancer study, in silico approaches, and mechanistic investigation. Future Med Chem 17(1):93\u2013107","journal-title":"Future Med Chem"},{"issue":"15","key":"4350_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202500813","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202500813","volume":"10","author":"MA Soliman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soliman MA, Eltamany EH, Boraei ATA et al (2025b) Novel Benzimidazole-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Dual Antimicrobial, Anticancer Activity, Mechanistic Insights, and Computational Studies. ChemistrySelect 10(15):e202500813","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"issue":"7","key":"4350_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.02.002","volume":"12","author":"D Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun D, Gao W, Hu H, Zhou S (2022) Why 90% of clinical drug development fails and how to improve it? Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 12(7):3049\u20133062","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"issue":"20","key":"4350_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17932","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01031","volume":"8","author":"W Thongkum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thongkum W, Klayprasert P, Semakul N et al (2023) Semi-quantification and Potency Verification of the HIV Protease Inhibitor Based on the Matrix-Capsid Protein Immobilized Nickel (II)\/NTA-Tol\/Graphene Oxide\/SPCE Electrochemical Biosensor. ACS Omega 8(20):17932\u201317940","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"4","key":"4350_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21367","volume":"31","author":"K Vanommeslaeghe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vanommeslaeghe K, Hatcher E, Acharya C et al (2010) CHARMM general force field: A force field for drug-like molecules compatible with the CHARMM all-atom additive biological force fields. J Comput Chem 31(4):671\u2013690","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"4350_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/18756271MTA54OTEc0","volume":"18","author":"R Varala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varala R, Bollikolla HB, Kurmarayuni CM (2021) Synthesis of pharmacological relevant 1, 2, 3-triazole and its analogues-A review. Curr Org Synth 18(2):101\u2013124","journal-title":"Curr Org Synth"},{"issue":"2","key":"4350_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.521","volume":"3","author":"I Wiegand","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock RE (2008) Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nat Protoc 3(2):163\u2013175","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:02:01Z","timestamp":1764824521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04350-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}