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Insufficient understanding of the toxic impact of cadmium nanoparticles, coupled with the serious multisystem toxicity of this metal, necessitate expansion of knowledge about their potential toxic effects. We assessed the response of female outbred albino rats to subchronic exposure to cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) administered intranasally at the concentration of 0.5 mg\/mL thrice a week during 6 weeks. Adverse changes in the exposed animals found at all levels of organization in the body, including ultrastructural damage, disruption of bioenergetic processes, altered cytological and weight indices, and behavioral responses, can be early signs of health disorders induced by CdO NPs, thus proving neurotoxic properties of the latter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04535-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T05:45:09Z","timestamp":1757137509000},"page":"2635-2646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurotoxic and some systemic effects of cadmium oxide nanoparticles following their subchronic intranasal administration to rats: experimental data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"M. P.","family":"Sutunkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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The experiment was designed and conducted in compliance with the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals by CIOMS and ICLAS (2012) and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol no. 2 of April 20, 2020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}