{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:29:06Z","timestamp":1790126946488,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bilecik \u015eeyh Edebali University","award":["Project No: GAP 2024 518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No: GAP 2024 518"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T09:37:52Z","timestamp":1765445872000},"page":"7415-7431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Syringic acid protects against indomethacin-induced gastric injury via NF-\u03baB and apoptotic pathway modulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugba","family":"Celik Samanci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eda Duygu","family":"Ipek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Caglayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefa","family":"Kucukler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"4881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105926","volume":"112","author":"ER Abdelaleem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelaleem ER, Abdelwahab MF, Abdel-Wahab NM, Abu-Baih DH, Abdel Zaher AM, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Abdelmohsen UR, Bakhsh HT, Mokhtar FA, Gomaa AA-R (2024) Apple extract protects against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats by suppressing oxidative stress \u2013 the implication of Nrf-2\/HO-1 signaling pathway: in silico and in vivo studies. J Funct Foods 112:105926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105926","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"4881_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173812","volume":"892","author":"EY AbdelAziz","year":"2021","unstructured":"AbdelAziz EY, Tadros MG, Menze ET (2021) The effect of metformin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer: involvement of nitric oxide\/Rho kinase pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 892:173812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173812","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","volume":"105","author":"H Aebi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"4881_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4803","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24395","volume":"39","author":"SA Akarsu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akarsu SA, G\u00fcr C, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler S, Akaras N, \u0130lerit\u00fcrk M, Kandemir FM (2024) Protective effects of syringic acid against oxidative damage, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, testicular histopathologic disorders, and impaired sperm quality in the testicular tissue of rats induced by mercuric chloride. Environ Toxicol 39:4803\u20134814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.24395","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"4881_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S453425","volume":"17","author":"A Alfadil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfadil A (2024) Gastroprotective effect of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rat. J Inflamm Res 17:1983\u20131994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S453425","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"4881_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117899","volume":"112","author":"M Arfeen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arfeen M, Srivastava A, Srivastava N et al (2024) Design, classification, and adverse effects of NSAIDs: a review on recent advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 112:117899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117899","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"4881_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.14309\/AJG.0000000000001843","volume":"117","author":"H Azhari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azhari H, King JA, Coward S et al (2022) The global incidence of peptic ulcer disease is decreasing since the turn of the 21st century: a study of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Am J Gastroenterol 117:1419\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/AJG.0000000000001843","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4881_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2022.113200","volume":"151","author":"MF Balaha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balaha MF, Almalki ZS, Alahmari AK et al (2022) AMPK\/mTOR-driven autophagy & Nrf2\/HO-1 cascade modulation by amentoflavone ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 151:113200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2022.113200","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4881_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/S10787-021-00868-X","volume":"29","author":"M Beiranvand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beiranvand M, Bahramikia S, Dezfoulian O (2021) Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic effects of Eremurus persicus (Jaub & Spach) Boiss leaf hydroalcoholic extract on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Inflammopharmacology 29:1503\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10787-021-00868-X","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"4881_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","volume":"94","author":"A Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE (2014) Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 94:329\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4881_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/JPP\/RGAC098","volume":"75","author":"C Boonyong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boonyong C, Angkhasirisap W, Kengkoom K, Jianmongkol S (2023) Different protective capability of chlorogenic acid and quercetin against indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal ulceration. J Pharm Pharmacol 75:427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JPP\/RGAC098","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FCVM.2021.750508","volume":"8","author":"VS Chedea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chedea VS, Tomoiag\u01ce LL, Macovei \u015eO et al (2021) Antioxidant\/pro-oxidant actions of polyphenols from grapevine and wine by-products-base for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:750508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FCVM.2021.750508","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"4881_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Darendelioglu E, Caglayan C, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler S et al (2025a) 18\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic acid mitigates bisphenol A-induced liver and renal damage: inhibition of TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB\/p38-MAPK, JAK1\/STAT1 pathways, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 196:115218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115218"},{"key":"4881_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Darendelioglu E, Sa\u011f S, Caglayan C (2025b) Assessment of morin hydrate as a renal protective agent in rats subjected to methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 48:172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01480545.2024.2429616","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2024.2429616"},{"issue":"1","key":"4881_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/S12891-025-08402-8","volume":"26","author":"SJ DiMartino","year":"2025","unstructured":"DiMartino SJ, Gao H, Eng S et al (2025) Efficacy and safety of fasinumab in an NSAID-controlled study in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 26(1):192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12891-025-08402-8","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4881_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110309","volume":"120","author":"M Ekhtiar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ekhtiar M, Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Mirzaei Y et al (2023) The coumaric acid and syringic acid ameliorate acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulator of Nrf2\/HO-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 120:110309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110309","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2019","volume":"100","author":"AC Engevik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR (2020) The physiology of the gastric parietal cell. Physiol Rev 100:573\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00016.2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4881_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2024.2344477","volume":"99","author":"I Ferah Okkay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Cicek B et al (2024) Syringic acid guards against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biotech Histochem 99:147\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10520295.2024.2344477","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4881_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/S11033-024-09627-X","volume":"51","author":"V Gelen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gelen V, Gedikli S, Gelen SU et al (2024) Probiotic bacteria protect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 51(1):684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11033-024-09627-X","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"4881_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090000094","volume":"78","author":"DW Gilroy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gilroy DW, Colville-Nash PR (2000) New insights into the role of COX-2 in inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 78:121\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001090000094","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"4881_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24976\/DISCOV.MED.202436188.165","volume":"36","author":"H Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam H, Siddiqui A, Islam R et al (2024) NSAID-induced gastric ulcer disease: a deleterious connection. Discov Med 36:1789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24976\/DISCOV.MED.202436188.165","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"4881_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-024-06272-z","volume":"178","author":"AS Kalnitsky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalnitsky AS, Zharikov AY (2024) Peptides in the treatment of gastric ulcer. Bull Exp Biol Med 178:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10517-024-06272-z","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"4881_CR23","unstructured":"Khan AH, Dar MA, Mir MA (2023) Gastric ulcer: an overview. Int J Curr Res Physiol Pharmacol 1\u20137.\nhttps:\/\/ijcrpp.com\/index.php\/ijcrpp\/article\/view\/63\u00a0"},{"key":"4881_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.21608\/BESPS.2025.349392.1196","volume":"45","author":"SA Khodir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khodir SA, Wahb A, Arafa MM et al (2025) Baicalein mitigates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: involvement of the PI3K\/Akt\/NF-kB pathway. Bull Egypt Soc Physiol Sci 45:269\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/BESPS.2025.349392.1196","journal-title":"Bull Egypt Soc Physiol Sci"},{"key":"4881_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/S43440-023-00489-X","volume":"75","author":"A Kiecka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiecka A, Szczepanik M (2023) Proton pump inhibitor-induced gut dysbiosis and immunomodulation: current knowledge and potential restoration by probiotics. Pharmacol Rep 75:791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S43440-023-00489-X","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"4881_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5056\/JNM24059","volume":"30","author":"SY Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim SY, Lee KJ (2024) Potential risks associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and the maintenance treatment modality for patients with mild gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 30:407\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5056\/JNM24059","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"4881_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim JB, Han AR, Park EY et al (2007) Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines expression by poncirin through the NF-\u03baB inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Biol Pharm Bull 30:2345\u20132351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/BPB.30.2345","DOI":"10.1248\/BPB.30.2345"},{"key":"4881_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2023\/V34I51138","volume":"34","author":"AN Kokelu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kokelu AN, Ani JE, Ubong Ime A et al (2023) Andrographis paniculata as promising novel protective therapy of oxidative stress in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Eur J Med Plants 34:29\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/EJMP\/2023\/V34I51138","journal-title":"Eur J Med Plants"},{"key":"4881_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2021.2014569","volume":"97","author":"S K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler S, Kandemir FM, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m S (2022) Protective effect of chrysin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats: role of multi-pathway regulation. Biotech Histochem 97:490\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10520295.2021.2014569","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"key":"4881_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2000.0060","volume":"14","author":"A Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee A (2000) Animal models of gastroduodenal ulcer disease. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 14:75\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/bega.2000.0060","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4881_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21487","volume":"80","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Wu W, Qin R (2019) Effect of syringic acid on antioxidant biomarkers and associated inflammatory markers in mice model of asthma. Drug Dev Res 80:253\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21487","journal-title":"Drug Dev Res"},{"key":"4881_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/METH.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method. Methods 25:402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/METH.2001.1262","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"4881_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"OH Lowry","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4881_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114752","volume":"284","author":"N Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma N, Sun Y, Yi J et al (2022) Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice by improving oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Ethnopharmacol 284:114752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114752","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114331","volume":"160","author":"MF Mahmoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahmoud MF, Abdo W, Nabil M et al (2023) Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) leaves attenuate indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 160:114331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114331","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4881_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1002\/TOX.23876","volume":"38","author":"S Mallan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mallan S, Singh S (2023) Syringic acid alleviates valproic acid induced autism via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: possible molecular approach. Environ Toxicol 38:2400\u20132415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/TOX.23876","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"4881_CR37","first-page":"248","volume":"15","author":"B Matkovics","year":"1988","unstructured":"Matkovics B (1988) Determination of enzyme activity in lipid peroxidation and glutathione pathways. Laboratoriumi Diagnosztika 15:248\u2013250","journal-title":"Laboratoriumi Diagnosztika"},{"key":"4881_CR38","first-page":"165","volume":"107","author":"JR McConaghy","year":"2023","unstructured":"McConaghy JR, Decker A, Nair S (2023) Peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician 107:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"4881_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02129","volume":"5","author":"AC Mirza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirza AC, Panchal SS (2019) Safety evaluation of syringic acid: subacute oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats. Heliyon 5(8):e02129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02129","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4881_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196722","volume":"27","author":"AC Mirza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirza AC, Panchal SS, Allam AA, Othman SI, Satia M, Mandhane SN (2022) Syringic acid ameliorates cardiac, hepatic, renal and neuronal damage induced by chronic hyperglycaemia in Wistar rats: a behavioural, biochemical and histological analysis. Molecules 27:6722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27196722","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4881_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-6189(13)60149-3","volume":"2","author":"J Muthukumaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muthukumaran J, Srinivasan S, Venkatesan RS et al (2013) Syringic acid, a novel natural phenolic acid, normalizes hyperglycemia with special reference to glycoprotein components in experimental diabetic rats. J Acute Dis 2:304\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2221-6189(13)60149-3","journal-title":"J Acute Dis"},{"key":"4881_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1007\/S00210-023-02730-Z","volume":"397","author":"T Neamatallah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neamatallah T (2024) Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 397:1791\u20131801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00210-023-02730-Z","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(15)60160-1","volume":"13","author":"HOB Oloyede","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oloyede HOB, Adaja MC, Ajiboye TO, Salawu MO (2015) Anti-ulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Carica papaya seed on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in male albino rats. J Integr Med 13:105\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2095-4964(15)60160-1","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"key":"4881_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90167-9","volume":"16","author":"ZA Placer","year":"1966","unstructured":"Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC (1966) Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem 16:359\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90167-9","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"4881_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S12013-025-01773-8","author":"G Ringgit","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ringgit G, Cheong BE, Shah MD et al (2025) Syringic acid in Canarium odontophyllum for diabetes and obesity \u2013 a review. Cell Biochem Biophys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12013-025-01773-8","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"4881_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXREP.2015.01.002","volume":"2","author":"S Sabiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabiu S, Garuba T, Sunmonu T et al (2015) Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: protective roles of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata. Toxicol Rep 2:261\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TOXREP.2015.01.002","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"4881_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.116880","volume":"484","author":"MB Salem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salem MB, Saleh AM, Seif el-Din SH et al (2024) Molecular docking, characterization, ADME\/toxicity prediction, and anti-ulcer activity of new quercetin derivatives on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 484:116880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2024.116880","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.18.05705-1","volume":"109","author":"V Savarino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savarino V, Marabotto E, Zentilin P et al (2018) The appropriate use of proton-pump inhibitors. Minerva Med 109:386\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4806.18.05705-1","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"4881_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","volume":"25","author":"J Sedlak","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sedlak J, Lindsay RH (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent. Anal Biochem 25:192\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"4881_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/LIFE12030356","volume":"12","author":"RA Shaik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaik RA, Eid BG (2022) Piceatannol affects gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin: association of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenesis mechanisms in rats. Life (Basel) 12:356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/LIFE12030356","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4881_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.81050","volume":"17","author":"FA Sheikh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sheikh FA, Khakhar Z, Bhogal G et al (2025) Risk of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-induced galactorrhea: an uncommon adverse effect of a common drug. Cureus 17(3):e81050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.81050","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4881_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva FFVE, Pad\u00edn-Iruegas ME, Caponio VCA et al (2022) Caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 expression in tumorogenesis and its correlations with prognosis in head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci 23:11937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS231911937\/S1","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS231911937\/S1"},{"key":"4881_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.14744\/IJMB.2023.07830","volume":"6","author":"H Simsek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simsek H, Akaras N (2023) Acacetin ameliorates acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats by interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Int J Med Biochem 6:96\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/IJMB.2023.07830","journal-title":"Int J Med Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4881_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/FSOA-2023-0198","volume":"10","author":"H Smaoui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smaoui H, Chtourou L, Jallouli D et al (2024) Effect of long-term proton pump inhibitors on phosphocalcium metabolism and bone mineral density. Future Sci OA 10(1):FSO977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2144\/FSOA-2023-0198","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"4881_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117264","volume":"319","author":"H Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song H, Xiong M, Yu C et al (2024) Huang-Qi-Jian-Zhong-Tang accelerates healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. J Ethnopharmacol 319(Pt 2):117264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117264","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PH18010007","volume":"18","author":"M Soydan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soydan M, Arabaci G, Utlu N et al (2024) Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: gastroprotectivity of Muscari neglectum in water. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 18:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PH18010007","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"4881_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.069","volume":"108","author":"C Srinivasulu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srinivasulu C, Ramgopal M, Ramanjaneyulu G et al (2018) Syringic acid (SA) \u2012 a review of its occurrence, biosynthesis, pharmacological and industrial importance. Biomed Pharmacother 108:547\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.069","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4881_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/CLINCHEM\/34.3.497","volume":"34","author":"Y Sun","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y (1988) A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 34:497\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/CLINCHEM\/34.3.497","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"4881_CR59","first-page":"3","volume":"51","author":"I Szab\u00f3","year":"2000","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 I, Tarnawski AS (2000) Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa: molecular mechanisms, basic and clinical implications. J Physiol Pharmacol 51:3\u201315","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4881_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1296","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.6.G1296","volume":"280","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Fujita T, Yamamoto A (2001) Role of nuclear factor-kappaB in gastric ulcer healing in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280:G1296\u2013G1304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.6.G1296","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"4881_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1023\/b:ddas.0000017436.05273.fd","volume":"49","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takeuchi K, Tanaka A, Hayashi Y, Kubo Y (2004) Functional mechanism underlying COX-2 expression following administration of indomethacin in rat stomachs: importance of gastric hypermotility. Dig Dis Sci 49:180\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:ddas.0000017436.05273.fd","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"4881_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/HEAD.14111","volume":"61","author":"MD Villar-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Villar-Mart\u00ednez MD, Moreno-Ajona D, Chan C, Goadsby PJ (2021) Indomethacin-responsive headaches\u2014a narrative review. Headache 61:700\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/HEAD.14111","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"4881_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84051","volume":"12","author":"S Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan S, Chen J, Ruan X, Sun Y, Zhang K, Wang X, Li X, Gill D, Burgess S, Giovannucci E, Larsson SC (2023) Smoking, alcohol consumption, and 24 gastrointestinal diseases: Mendelian randomization analysis. Elife 12:e84051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.84051","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"4881_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2025.1615294","volume":"16","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Yang Q, Sun Y, Ruan X (2025) Unveiling the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of syringic acid: mechanistic insights and pathway interactions. Front Pharmacol 16:1615294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2025.1615294","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:52:59Z","timestamp":1775458379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04881-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental procedures were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University (Approval No: 64583101\/2023\/133), and conducted in compliance with national guidelines (Turkish Animal Protection Law, No. 5199) and relevant ethical regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing \u0131nterests"}}]}}