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To test this hypothesis, we utilized isolated atria from transgenic adult mice with cardiac overexpression of the human 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    serotonin receptor (5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -TG). In the presence of rolipram (100\u00a0nM, a phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor), amisulpride (10\u00a0\u00b5M) raised the force of contraction in isolated left atrial preparations and the beating rate in isolated spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -TG but not from adult wild-type mice. The positive chronotropic effects of amisulpride in right atrial preparations from 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -TG were smaller than those of 1\u00a0\u00b5M serotonin and were reversed by 1\u00a0\u00b5M GR125487, an antagonist at the 5-HT\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    serotonin receptor. Amisulpride (10\u00a0\u00b5M) raised the force of contraction in human right atrial preparations, obtained from patients undergoing cardiac surgery, only in the presence of 100\u00a0nM cilostamide, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor. The positive inotropic effects of amisulpride in human right atrial preparations were reversed by 1\u00a0\u00b5M GR125487. These data indeed suggest that amisulpride acts as an agonist at the human cardiac serotonin receptor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:12:54Z","timestamp":1774073574000},"page":"13197-13207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of amisulpride via stimulation of 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in the isolated atrium from mouse and humans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Joachim","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Gergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1521-8","volume":"205","author":"AI Abbas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abbas AI, Hedlund PB, Huang XP, Tran TB, Meltzer HY, Roth BL (2009) Amisulpride is a potent 5-HT7 antagonist: relevance for antidepressant actions in vivo. 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Mil Med Res 18(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-022-00420-0","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:43:33Z","timestamp":1783907013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["5219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05219-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animals: The animals were handled and maintained according to the approved protocols of the Animal Welfare Committee of the University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (permission #I8M9). Humans\n                      :\n                      This study in patients complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the local ethics committee (permission # hm-b\u00fc 04.08.2005).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have seen and approved the submitted version of this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}