{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:00:41Z","timestamp":1784782841409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:15:08Z","timestamp":1777630508000},"page":"14761-14779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathophysiology-driven use of natural products in irritable bowel syndrome: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Fatma Abdelhakim","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mennat-Allah M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara M.","family":"Aboulmagd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareem A.","family":"Attallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba R.","family":"Ghaiad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riham A.","family":"El-Shiekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed I.","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"5337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9345","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199345","volume":"26","author":"R Abalo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abalo R, Gallego-Barcel\u00f3 P, Gabbia D (2025) Natural remedies for irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review of herbal-based therapies. Int J Mol Sci 26(19):9345","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12729","volume":"44","author":"DM Abd El Motteleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abd El Motteleb DM, Abd El Aleem DI (2017) Renoprotective effect of Hypericum perforatum against diabetic nephropathy in rats: insights in the underlying mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 44(4):509\u2013521","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.23736\/S0031-0808.18.03541-3","volume":"60","author":"A Adriani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adriani A, Ribaldone DG, Astegiano M, Durazzo M, Saracco GM, Pellicano R (2018) Irritable bowel syndrome: the clinical approach. Panminerva Med 60(4):213\u2013222","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"5337_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212395","volume":"25","author":"I Aggeletopoulou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aggeletopoulou I, Triantos C (2024) Microbiome shifts and their impact on gut physiology in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 25(22):12395","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"5337_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17223595","volume":"17","author":"I Aggeletopoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aggeletopoulou I, Karaivazoglou K, Kalafateli M, Triantos C (2025a) Targeting irritable bowel syndrome through diet and mechanism-based therapies: a pathophysiological approach. Nutrients 17(22):3595","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"21","key":"5337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110598","volume":"26","author":"I Aggeletopoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aggeletopoulou I, Papantoniou K, Pastras P, Triantos C (2025b) Unraveling the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and insights. Int J Mol Sci 26(21):10598","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3826","volume":"12","author":"N Akram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akram N, Faisal Z, Irfan R, Shah YA, Batool SA, Zahid T, Zulfiqar A, Fatima A, Jahan Q, Tariq H (2024) Exploring the serotonin\u2010probiotics\u2010gut health axis: a review of current evidence and potential mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 12(2):694\u2013706","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"5337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2409-0","author":"N Alammar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alammar N, Wang L, Saberi B, Nanavati J, Holtmann G, Shinohara RT, Mullin GE (2019) The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data. BMC Complement Altern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-018-2409-0","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17988","volume":"59","author":"A Aliu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aliu A, Bosch DH, Keszthelyi D, Rezazadeh Ardabili A, Colombel JF, Sawyer R, T\u00f6rnblom H, Hart A, Jonkers DM, Pierik MJ (2024) A practical approach to persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease in remission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 59(12):1470\u20131488","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR10","volume":"16","author":"O Almansour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Almansour O (2024) Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the Arab world: a systematic review. Cureus 16(7):e65421","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.031","volume":"130","author":"W Atkinson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atkinson W, Lockhart S, Whorwell PJ, Keevil B, Houghton LA (2006) Altered 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling in patients with constipation-and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 130(1):34\u201343","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00097-5","volume":"48","author":"V Beijamini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beijamini V, Andreatini R (2003) Effects of Hypericum perforatum and paroxetine on rat performance in the elevated T-maze. Pharmacol Res 48(2):199\u2013207","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030370","volume":"16","author":"L Bertin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bertin L, Zanconato M, Crepaldi M, Marasco G, Cremon C, Barbara G, Barberio B, Zingone F, Savarino EV (2024) The role of the FODMAP diet in IBS. Nutrients 16(3):370","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.035","volume":"19","author":"W Billings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Billings W, Mathur K, Craven HJ, Xu H, Shin A (2021) Potential benefit with complementary and alternative medicine in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(8):1538-1553.e1514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.035","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325214","volume":"71","author":"CJ Black","year":"2022","unstructured":"Black CJ, Staudacher HM, Ford AC (2022) Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut 71(6):1117\u20131126","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321191","volume":"69","author":"CJ Black","year":"2020","unstructured":"Black CJ, Thakur ER, Houghton LA, Quigley EM, Moayyedi P, Ford AC (2020) Efficacy of psychological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut 69(8):1441\u20131451","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"5337_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16067","volume":"131","author":"S Bonetto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonetto S, Fagoonee S, Battaglia E, Grassini M, Saracco GM, Pellicano R (2021) Recent advances in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Pol Arch Intern Med 131(7\u20138):709\u2013715","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8213082","volume":"2020","author":"G Bordbar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bordbar G, Miri MB, Omidi M, Shoja S, Akhavan M (2020) Efficacy and safety of a novel herbal medicine in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8213082","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"5337_CR19","first-page":"540","volume":"21","author":"S Brigstocke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brigstocke S, Brenner DM (2025) Natural products for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 21(9):540","journal-title":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02301-8","volume":"20","author":"GL Burns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burns GL, Talley NJ, Keely S (2022) Immune responses in the irritable bowel syndromes: time to consider the small intestine. BMC Med 20(1):115","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"5337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camilleri M (2018) Management options for irritable bowel syndrome. In: Mayo Clinic Proceedings, p 1858\u20131872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.032"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328515","volume":"72","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Camilleri M, Boeckxstaens G (2023) Irritable bowel syndrome: treatment based on pathophysiology and biomarkers. Gut 72(3):590\u2013599","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"5337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.014","volume":"15","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camilleri M, Lembo A, Katzka DA (2017) Opioids in gastroenterology: treating adverse effects and creating therapeutic benefits. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(9):1338\u20131349","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.017","volume":"145","author":"J Castro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castro J, Harrington AM, Hughes PA, Martin CM, Ge P, Shea CM, Jin H, Jacobson S, Hannig G, Mann E (2013) Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3\u2032, 5\u2032-monophosphate. Gastroenterology 145(6):1334-1346. e1311","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"13","key":"5337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132689","volume":"14","author":"C Ceccherini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ceccherini C, Daniotti S, Bearzi C, Re I (2022) Evaluating the efficacy of probiotics in IBS treatment using a systematic review of clinical trials and multi-criteria decision analysis. Nutrients 14(13):2689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14132689","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5337_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.817100","volume":"13","author":"M Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen M, Ruan G, Chen L, Ying S, Li G, Xu F, Xiao Z, Tian Y, Lv L, Ping Y (2022) Neurotransmitter and intestinal interactions: focus on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome. Front Endocrinol 13:817100","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5337_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1097\/js9.0000000000000658","volume":"109","author":"M Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen M, Yuan L, Xie C-R, Wang X-Y, Feng S-J, Xiao X-Y, Zheng H (2023) Probiotics for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. Int J Surg 109(11):3631\u20133647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/js9.0000000000000658","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2025.2507327","volume":"29","author":"NR Choi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Choi NR, Choi W-G, Park J, Kim YT, Nam JH, Kim BJJAC, Systems (2025) Scutellaria baicalensis extracts alleviate zymosan-induced irritable bowel syndrome symptoms by modulating inflammation and ion channel activity. Anim Cells Syst 29(1):360\u2013371","journal-title":"Anim Cells Syst"},{"issue":"34","key":"5337_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034802","volume":"102","author":"Z Diao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diao Z, Xu W, Guo D, Zhang J, Zhang R, Liu F, Hu Y, Ma Y (2023) Causal association between psycho-psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome: Mendelian randomization. Medicine 102(34):e34802","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5337_CR30","unstructured":"Dilmaghani S (2025) Pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and management considerations in bile acid diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. College of Medicine-Mayo Clinic"},{"issue":"9","key":"5337_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0195-4","volume":"113","author":"J Dionne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dionne J, Ford AC, Yuan Y, Chey WD, Lacy BE, Saito YA, Quigley EM, Moayyedi P (2018) A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of a gluten-free diet and a low FODMAPs diet in treating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG 113(9):1290\u20131300","journal-title":"Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-023-01997-6","volume":"58","author":"G Dothel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dothel G, Barbaro MR, Di Vito A, Ravegnini G, Gorini F, Monesmith S, Coschina E, Benuzzi E, Fuschi D, Palombo M (2023) New insights into irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiological mechanisms: contribution of epigenetics. J Gastroenterol 58(7):605\u2013621","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3072","volume":"40","author":"M El-Salhy","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Salhy M, Ystad SO, Mazzawi T, Gundersen D (2017) Dietary fiber in irritable bowel syndrome (Review). Int J Mol Med 40(3):607\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3072","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91883-3","volume":"15","author":"H Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan H, Zhan Y, Cheng X, Tan M, Li Y, Xiong Y, Li Q, Liu W (2025) Lacidophilin tablets relieve irritable bowel syndrome in rats by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation. Sci Rep 15(1):8151","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000503757","volume":"27","author":"AI Ferreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferreira AI, Garrido M, Castro-Po\u00e7as F (2020) Irritable bowel syndrome: news from an old disorder. GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology 27(4):255\u2013268","journal-title":"GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.223","volume":"104","author":"AC Ford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ford AC, Brandt LJ, Young C, Chey WD, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Moayyedi P (2009) Efficacy of 5-HT3 antagonists and 5-HT4 agonists in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG 104(7):1831\u20131843","journal-title":"Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.07.020","volume":"8","author":"AC Ford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ford AC, Marwaha A, Lim A, Moayyedi P (2010) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in individuals with dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8(5):401\u2013409","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"nov13 2","key":"5337_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2313","volume":"337","author":"AC Ford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ford AC, Talley NJ, Spiegel BMR, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Schiller L, Quigley EMM, Moayyedi P (2008) Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 337(nov13 2):a2313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a2313","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.046","volume":"147","author":"A Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fritscher-Ravens A, Schuppan D, Ellrichmann M, Schoch S, R\u00f6cken C, Brasch J, Bethge J, B\u00f6ttner M, Klose J, Milla PJ (2014) Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 147(5):1012-1020. e1014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2022-0028","volume":"15","author":"AN Galica","year":"2022","unstructured":"Galica AN, Galica R, Dumitra\u0219cu DL (2022) Diet, fibers, and probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome. J Med Life 15(2):174","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-016-1607-x","volume":"25","author":"Y Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao Y, Snyder SA, Smith JN, Chen YC (2016) Anticancer properties of baicalein: a review. Med Chem Res 25(8):1515\u20131523","journal-title":"Med Chem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2020.20229","volume":"32","author":"P Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg P (2021) Inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): role of psyllium fiber supplementation in decreasing inflammation and physiological management of IBS. Turk J Gastroenterol 32(1):108\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tjg.2020.20229","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5337_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305989","volume":"63","author":"K Garsed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garsed K, Chernova J, Hastings M, Lam C, Marciani L, Singh G, Henry A, Hall I, Whorwell P, Spiller R (2014) A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut 63(10):1617\u20131625","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.002","volume":"132","author":"MD Gershon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gershon MD, Tack J (2007) The serotonin signaling system: from basic understanding to drug development for functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology 132(1):397\u2013414","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324784","volume":"71","author":"D Gunn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunn D, Abbas Z, Harris HC, Major G, Hoad C, Gowland P, Marciani L, Gill SK, Warren FJ, Rossi M, Remes-Troche JM, Whelan K, Spiller RC (2021) Psyllium reduces inulin-induced colonic gas production in IBS: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies. Gut 71(5):919\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324784","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051680","volume":"27","author":"T Guzel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guzel T, Mirowska-Guzel D (2022) The role of serotonin neurotransmission in gastrointestinal tract and pharmacotherapy. Molecules 27(5):1680","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5337_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1389911","volume":"15","author":"W H\u00e4user","year":"2024","unstructured":"H\u00e4user W (2024) Gut-directed hypnosis and hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: a mini-review. Front Psychol 15:1389911","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.33070","volume":"10","author":"D H\u0131zl\u0131","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u0131zl\u0131 D, H\u0131zl\u0131 F, K\u00f6\u015f\u00fc\u015f A, Y\u0131lmaz S, K\u00f6\u015e\u00fc\u015e N, Halta\u015f H, Dede H, Kafal\u0131 H (2014) Experimental study effect of Hypericum perforatum on intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rats. Arch Med Sci 10(2):396\u2013400","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"5337_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.111","volume":"107","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosseini S, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G (2018) Effects of plant extracts and bioactive compounds on attenuation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 107:1454\u20131465","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5337_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang K, Lv M, Zheng T, Wang F, Tang X, Lv L (2024) Herbal placebo response in clinical trials on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol vol 15.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1475366","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1475366"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17179","volume":"56","author":"MR Ingrosso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ingrosso MR, Ianiro G, Nee J, Lembo AJ, Moayyedi P, Black CJ, Ford AC (2022) Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 56(6):932\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.17179","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12903","volume":"21","author":"L Ispiryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ispiryan L, Zannini E, Arendt EK (2022) FODMAP modulation as a dietary therapy for IBS: scientific and market perspective. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21(2):1491\u20131516","journal-title":"Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12608","volume":"39","author":"M Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones M, Chey W, Singh S, Gong H, Shringarpure R, Hoe N, Chuang E, Talley N (2014) A biomarker panel and psychological morbidity differentiates the irritable bowel syndrome from health and provides novel pathophysiological leads. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 39(4):426\u2013437","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5337_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.894122","volume":"13","author":"H Jun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jun H, Ko S-J, Kim K, Kim J, Park J-W (2022) An overview of systematic reviews of herbal medicine for irritable bowel syndrome. Front Pharmacol 13:894122","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5337_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7633","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147633","volume":"25","author":"K Karaivazoglou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karaivazoglou K, Aggeletopoulou I, Triantos C (2024) Interoceptive processing in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Int J Mol Sci 25(14):7633","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11020159","volume":"11","author":"HM Khalil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalil HM, El Henafy HM, Khalil IA, Bakr AF, Fahmy MI, Younis NS, El-Shiekh RA (2023) Hypericum perforatum L. nanoemulsion mitigates cisplatin-induced chemobrain via reducing neurobehavioral alterations, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in adult rats. Toxics 11(2):159","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/mcg.0b013e3182a88357","volume":"48","author":"R Khanna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khanna R, MacDonald JK, Levesque BG (2014) Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 48(6):505\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mcg.0b013e3182a88357","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071489","volume":"29","author":"H-Y Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim H-Y, Kim C-E, Oh D-R, Kim Y, Choi C-Y, Kim JJM (2024) Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method to quantify marker compounds in Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica and its effects in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Molecules 29(7):1489","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.019","volume":"42","author":"G Konstantis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Konstantis G, Efstathiou S, Pourzitaki C, Kitsikidou E, Germanidis G, Chourdakis M (2023) Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials using ROME IV criteria. Clin Nutr 42(5):800\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.03.019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/REGENMED.REGENMED-D-24-00004","volume":"1","author":"O Kostiuchenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kostiuchenko O, Lushnikova I, Skibo G (2024) The role of gut microbiota metabolites in the regeneration and protection of nervous tissue: a narrative review. Regenerative Medicine Reports 1(1):12\u201330","journal-title":"Regenerative Medicine Reports"},{"key":"5337_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krueger D, Sch\u00e4uffele S, Zeller F, Demir IE, Theisen J, Michel K, Schemann MJN, Motility (2020) Peppermint and caraway oils have muscle inhibitory and pro\u2010secretory activity in the human intestine in vitro. Neurogastroenterology 32(2):e13748","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13748"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505180","volume":"374","author":"AJ Lembo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lembo AJ, Lacy BE, Zuckerman MJ, Schey R, Dove LS, Andrae DA, Davenport JM, McIntyre G, Lopez R, Turner L (2016) Eluxadoline for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. N Engl J Med 374(3):242\u2013253","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5337_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L, Hui-Min Z, Qi Y, Song-Ya L, Fei LJCJoNM (2020) The antibacterial activity of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk and its effect on irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Chin J Nat Med 18(5):356\u2013368","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-5364(20)30042-X"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0829","volume":"8","author":"W Liang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang W, Huang X, Chen W (2017) The effects of baicalin and baicalein on cerebral ischemia: a review. Aging Dis 8(6):850","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"5337_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin H, Lv Y, Liu H, Lin Z, Zhu N, Huang B (2025a) Baicalein alleviates chronic acute stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in rats via modulating the ODC1\/NF-\u03baB pathway and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. p 152058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152058"},{"issue":"9","key":"5337_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094240","volume":"26","author":"X Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin X, Xia L, Zhou Y, Xie J, Tuo Q, Lin L, Liao D (2025b) Crosstalk between bile acids and intestinal epithelium: multidimensional roles of farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein receptor 5. Int J Mol Sci 26(9):4240","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1409852","volume":"16","author":"M Mahboubi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahboubi M (2018) Therapeutic potential of Zataria multiflora Boiss in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). J Diet Suppl 16(1):119\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19390211.2017.1409852","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"5337_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000485410","volume":"35","author":"P Malfertheiner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malfertheiner P (2017) STW 5 (Iberogast) therapy in gastrointestinal functional disorders. Dig Dis 35(Suppl. 1):25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000485410","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.66","volume":"107","author":"E Manheimer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manheimer E, Wieland SL, Cheng K, Li SM, Shen X, Berman BM, Lao L (2012) Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 107(6):835\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2012.66","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3390\/life15020277","volume":"15","author":"G Marano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marano G, Traversi G, Pola R, Gasbarrini A, Gaetani E, Mazza M (2025) Irritable bowel syndrome: a hallmark of psychological distress in women? Life 15(2):277","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061830","volume":"14","author":"G Marasco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marasco G, Cremon C, Salvi D, Meacci D, Dajti E, Colecchia L, Barbaro MR, Stanghellini V, Barbara G (2025) Functional foods and nutraceuticals in irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Med 14(6):1830","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR72","first-page":"82","volume":"77","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez M, V\u00e1zquez-Elizondo G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez J, Guti\u00e9rrez-Udave R, Maldonado-Garza H, Bosques-Padilla F (2012) Effect of antispasmodic agents, alone or in combination, in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 77(2):82\u201390","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01972-w","volume":"28","author":"EA Mayer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Ryu HJ, Bhatt RR (2023) The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 28(4):1451\u20131465","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"22","key":"5337_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8664","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228664","volume":"21","author":"Y Mishima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mishima Y, Ishihara S (2020) Molecular mechanisms of microbiota-mediated pathology in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 21(22):8664","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.06.005","volume":"92","author":"E Mix","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mix E, Meyer-Rienecker H, Hartung H-P, Zettl UK (2010) Animal models of multiple sclerosis\u2014potentials and limitations. Prog Neurobiol 92(3):386\u2013404","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"27","key":"5337_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.84235","volume":"7","author":"S Mozaffari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mozaffari S, Esmaily H, Rahimi R, Baeeri M, Sanei Y, Asadi-Shahmirzadi A, Salehi-Surmaghi M-H, Abdollahi M (2011) Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on rat irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacogn Mag 7(27):213","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Mag"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00272.x","volume":"13","author":"SA Najjar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Najjar SA, Hung LY, Margolis KG (2023) Serotonergic control of gastrointestinal development, motility, and inflammation. Compr Physiol 13(3):4851\u20134868","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5337_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118395","volume":"332","author":"S Naqvi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naqvi S, Rehman NU, Azhar I, Palla AJJoe (2024) Unraveling the multi-faceted role of Rosmarinus officinalis L.(rosemary) and diosmetin in managing gut motility. J Ethnopharmacol 332:118395","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"5337_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16625","volume":"54","author":"J Nee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nee J, Lembo A (2021) Current and future treatment approaches for IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) and IBS mixed pattern (IBS-M). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 54:S63\u2013S74","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"5337_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7100298","volume":"7","author":"Q Ng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ng Q, Soh A, Loke W, Venkatanarayanan N, Lim D, Yeo W-S (2018) A meta-analysis of the clinical use of curcumin for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). J Clin Med 7(10):298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm7100298","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"5337_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X22666240507095700","volume":"22","author":"C-N Noemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noemi C-N, Bob P, B\u00f3kkon I (2024) Long-term implicit epigenetic stress information in the enteric nervous system and its contribution to developing and perpetuating IBS. Curr Neuropharmacol 22(13):2100\u20132112","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"5337_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.09.064","volume":"19","author":"A Olejnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olejnik A, Kowalska K, Olkowicz M, Rychlik J, Juzwa W, Myszka K, Dembczy\u0144ski R, Bia\u0142as W (2015) Anti-inflammatory effects of gastrointestinal digested Sambucus nigra L. fruit extract analysed in co-cultured intestinal epithelial cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J Funct Foods 19:649\u2013660","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5337_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0169-x","volume":"163","author":"B Ottillinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ottillinger B, Storr M, Malfertheiner P, Allescher H-D (2012) STW 5 (Iberogast\u00ae)\u2014a safe and effective standard in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Wien Med Wochenschr 163(3\u20134):65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10354-012-0169-x","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45300-2","volume":"13","author":"JH Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park JH, Kang SH, Kim JS, Moon HS, Sung JK, Jeong HY (2023) Contribution of sex and gender roles to the incidence of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in a prospective study. Sci Rep 13(1):19467","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020183","volume":"18","author":"P Pastras","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pastras P, Aggeletopoulou I, Bali M, Triantos C (2026) Plant-derived treatments for IBS: clinical outcomes, mechanistic insights, and their position in international guidelines. Nutrients 18(2):183","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"5337_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331835","volume":"73","author":"S Porcari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porcari S, Ingrosso MR, Maida M, Eusebi LH, Black C, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ford AC, Ianiro G (2024) Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia after acute gastroenteritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 73(9):1431\u20131440","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5782","volume":"31","author":"RS Porter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Porter RS, Bode RF (2017) A review of the antiviral properties of black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) products. Phytother Res 31(4):533\u2013554","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.22.1.1130","volume":"22","author":"A Porwal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Porwal A, Bhagwat G, Sawarkar J, Kamble P (2024) The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): understanding its types, prevalence, and treatment options. World Journal of Advanced Research Reviews 22(1):720\u2013728","journal-title":"World Journal of Advanced Research Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"5337_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.48817","volume":"5","author":"L-Y Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi L-Y, Yang J-W, Yan S-Y, Tu J-F, She Y-F, Li Y, Chi L-L, Wu B-Q, Liu C-Z (2022) Acupuncture for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 5(12):e2248817-e2248817","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2018.4264","volume":"22","author":"H-Y Qin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qin H-Y, Zang K-H, Zuo X, Wu X-A, Bian Z-X (2019) Quercetin attenuates visceral hypersensitivity and 5-hydroxytryptamine availability in postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome rats: role of enterochromaffin cells in the colon. J Med Food 22(7):663\u2013671","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i7.589","volume":"18","author":"R Rahimi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rahimi R (2012) Herbal medicines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 18(7):589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v18.i7.589","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"22","key":"5337_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6759","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i22.6759","volume":"20","author":"L Saha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saha L (2014) Irritable bowel syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and evidence-based medicine. World J Gastroenterol: WJG 20(22):6759","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000064936","volume":"65","author":"S Sallon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sallon S, Ben-Arye E, Davidson R, Shapiro H, Ginsberg G, Ligumsky M (2002) A novel treatment for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome using Padma\u00aeLax, a Tibetan herbal formula. Digestion 65(3):161\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000064936","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"5337_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259251392993","volume":"31","author":"M Sanam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sanam M, Hossain CFTZ, Hyder TB, Tarannum R, Oishi JF, Rahman KMM, Islam SBU, Bulbul N, Sultana Jime J, Shishir MA (2025) Bridging two worlds: host microbiota crosstalk in health and dysregulation. Innate Immun 31:17534259251392993","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2008.01.006","volume":"19","author":"JA Schmid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmid JA, Birbach A (2008) I\u03baB kinase \u03b2 (IKK\u03b2\/IKK2\/IKBKB)\u2014a key molecule in signaling to the transcription factor NF-\u03baB. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 19(2):157\u2013165","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2381468320978417","volume":"6","author":"ED Shah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah ED, Salwen-Deremer JK, Gibson PR, Muir JG, Eswaran S, Chey WD (2021) Pharmacologic, dietary, and psychological treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: cost utility analysis. MDM Policy & Practice 6(1):2381468320978417","journal-title":"MDM Policy & Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR97","volume":"14","author":"B Shrestha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shrestha B, Patel D, Shah H, Hanna KS, Kaur H, Alazzeh MS, Thandavaram A, Channar A, Purohit A, Venugopal S (2022) The role of gut-microbiota in the pathophysiology and therapy of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Cureus 14(8):e28064","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.03.045","volume":"15","author":"RJ Shulman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shulman RJ, Hollister EB, Cain K, Czyzewski DI, Self MM, Weidler EM, Devaraj S, Luna RA, Versalovic J, Heitkemper M (2017) Psyllium fiber reduces abdominal pain in children with irritable bowel syndrome in a randomized, double-blind trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(5):712-719.e714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.03.045","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5337_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.07.012","volume":"18","author":"A Sidor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sidor A, Gramza-Micha\u0142owska A (2015) Advanced research on the antioxidant and health benefit of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) in food\u2013a review. J Funct Foods 18:941\u2013958","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"5337_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh N, Gupta P (2024) Bioactives of Hypericum perforatum to control diabetes: in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation in diabetic rats. In: Proceedings p 50","DOI":"10.3390\/proceedings2024103050"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.153","volume":"110","author":"JS Soh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soh JS, Lee HJ, Jung KW, Yoon IJ, Koo HS, Seo SY, Lee S, Bae JH, Lee H-S, Park SH (2015) The diagnostic value of a digital rectal examination compared with high-resolution anorectal manometry in patients with chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG 110(8):1197\u20131204","journal-title":"Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology ACG"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313750","volume":"66","author":"HM Staudacher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Staudacher HM, Whelan K (2017) The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS. Gut 66(8):1517\u20131527","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615580219","volume":"3","author":"P-O Stotzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stotzer P-O, Abrahamsson H, Bajor A, Kilander A, Sadik R, Sj\u00f6vall H, Simr\u00e9n M (2015) Are the definitions for chronic diarrhoea adequate? Evaluation of two different definitions in patients with chronic diarrhoea. United Eur Gastroenterol J 3(4):381\u2013386","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"5337_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app15126441","volume":"15","author":"M Stoyanova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stoyanova M, Gledacheva V, Nikolova S (2025) Gut\u2013brain\u2013microbiota axis in irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review of pathophysiology and current approaches. Appl Sci 15(12):6441","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm22037","volume":"29","author":"A Takeoka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takeoka A, Kimura T, Hara S, Hamaguchi T, Fukudo S, Tayama J (2023) Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Japan, China, and South Korea: an international cross-sectional study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 29(2):229","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2019.01.001","volume":"3","author":"AL Ticho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ticho AL, Malhotra P, Dudeja PK, Gill RK, Alrefai WA (2019) Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions. Liver Res 3(1):31\u201339","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00017","volume":"60","author":"BB Toner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toner BB, Stuckless N, Ali A, Downie F, Emmott S, Akman D (1998) The development of a cognitive scale for functional bowel disorders. Psychosom Med 60(4):492\u2013497","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02473-0","volume":"60","author":"A-S van Lanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Lanen A-S, de Bree A, Greyling A (2021) Efficacy of a low-FODMAP diet in adult irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 60(6):3505\u20133522","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"5337_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182942","volume":"12","author":"P Varj\u00fa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varj\u00fa P, Farkas N, Hegyi P, Garami A, Szab\u00f3 I, Ill\u00e9s A, Solymar M, Vincze A, Balasko M, P\u00e1r G (2017) Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet improves symptoms in adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to standard IBS diet: a meta-analysis of clinical studies. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0182942","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"5337_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324598","volume":"70","author":"DH Vasant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vasant DH, Paine PA, Black CJ, Houghton LA, Everitt HA, Corsetti M, Agrawal A, Aziz I, Farmer AD, Eugenicos MP (2021) British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 70(7):1214\u20131240","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"5337_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.22083","volume":"24","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Lei J, Zhao Z, Jia J, Wang L (2023) Therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin on irritable bowel syndrome in rats. J Vet Sci 24(3):e23","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"46","key":"5337_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040207","volume":"103","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Hou Y, Sun H, Wang Z, Zhang H (2024) Efficacy of acupuncture treatment for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome with comorbid anxiety and depression: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine 103(46):e40207","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"5337_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12530","volume":"31","author":"K Whelan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelan K, Martin LD, Staudacher HM, Lomer M (2018) The low FODMAP diet in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence\u2010based review of FODMAP restriction, reintroduction and personalisation in clinical practice. J Hum Nutr Diet 31(2):239\u2013255","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02956.x","volume":"24","author":"W Whitehead","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitehead W, Palsson O, Feld A, Levy R, Von Korff M, Turner M, Drossman D (2006) Utility of red flag symptom exclusions in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24(1):137\u2013146","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"36","key":"5337_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11229","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508187112","volume":"112","author":"H-Y Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu H-Y, Chen S-F, Hsieh J-Y, Chou F, Wang Y-H, Lin W-T, Lee P-Y, Yu Y-J, Lin L-Y, Lin T-S (2015) Structural basis of antizyme-mediated regulation of polyamine homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(36):11229\u201311234","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"5337_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13204","volume":"72","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Zhang Q, Wei S, Huang C, Li Z, Gao Y (2020) Paeoniflorin: a monoterpene glycoside from plants of Paeoniaceae family with diverse anticancer activities. J Pharm Pharmacol 72(4):483\u2013495","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5337_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.11.013","volume":"19","author":"J-M Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang J-M, Xian Y-F, Ip PS, Wu JC, Lao L, Fong HH, Sung JJ, Berman B, Yeung JH, Che C-T (2012) Schisandra chinensis reverses visceral hypersensitivity in a neonatal\u2013maternal separated rat model. Phytomedicine 19(5):402\u2013408","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5337_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-025-10081-1","author":"X Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang X, Hu D, Cheng R, Bao Q, Jiang H, Zhao B, Zhang Y (2025) Unlocking the neuroprotective secrets of natural products: a focus on the gut-brain axis. Phytochem Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11101-025-10081-1","journal-title":"Phytochem Rev"},{"key":"5337_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1010484","volume":"13","author":"L Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu L, Huang C, Yang W, Ren Z, Li L, Cheng H, Lin C, Zhai L, Ning Z, Wong HX (2023) Aqueous cinnamon extract ameliorates bowel dysfunction and enteric 5-HT synthesis in IBS rats. Front Pharmacol 13:1010484","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5337_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9554-z","volume":"30","author":"Y Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu Y, Wu S, Li J, Wang R, Xie X, Yu X, Pan J, Xu Y, Zheng L (2015) The effect of curcumin on the brain-gut axis in rat model of irritable bowel syndrome: involvement of 5-HT-dependent signaling. Metab Brain Dis 30(1):47\u201355","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"5337_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233868","volume":"13","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu X, Wang X, Liu X, Li F, Bao Y, Chai Y (2024) The mechanism of relieving diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome using polyphenols from Ribes nigrum L. based on a network pharmacology analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. Foods 13(23):3868","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"5337_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00030","volume":"13","author":"Y-C Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu Y-C, Li J, Zhang M, Pan J-C, Yu Y, Zhang J-B, Zheng L, Si J-m, Xu YJFicn (2019) Resveratrol improves brain-gut axis by regulation of 5-HT-dependent signaling in the rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 13:30","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5337_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang M, Dang M, Li Y, Wei P, Zhao C, Dong TJJoP, Pharmacology (2024a) Natural products derived from herbs as promising source for diarrhea predominant-irritable bowel syndrome via gut microbiota\u2013serotonin pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 76(2):75\u201385","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad120"},{"key":"5337_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.859967","author":"T Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang J, Sun F, Duan L (2022) Efficacy of probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.859967","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"5337_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223854","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Huang S, Zhang S, Hao Z, Shen J (2024b) Pomegranate peel extract mitigates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes via MAPK and NF-\u03baB pathway modulation in rats. Nutrients 16(22):3854","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"5337_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14121643","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhu S, Dong Y, Xie T, Chai Z, Gao X, Dai Y, Wang X (2024) The role of gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome: implications for clinical therapeutics. Biomolecules 14(12):1643","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"5337_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00722-6","volume":"28","author":"K Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng K, Jia J, Yan S, Shen H, Zhu P, Yu J (2020) Paeoniflorin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by modulating the dendritic cell-mediated TH17\/Treg balance. Inflammopharmacology 28(6):1705\u20131716","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:02:05Z","timestamp":1784779325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05337-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Animal ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}