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The rats were divided into three groups (n\u2009=\u20098\/group): control, experimental periodontitis (EP), or experimental periodontitis plus daily N-acetylcysteine administration (EP\u2009+\u2009NA) (100\u00a0mg\/kg\/day). Periodontitis was induced by bilateral silk ligatures on the mandibular first molars for 14\u00a0days. The antioxidant capacity of N-acetylcysteine \u200b\u200bwas measured by (2,2-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] (ABTS\u2022\u2009+) and 1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH\u2022) assays. Gingival samples were collected for analysis of oxidative parameters, while mandibles were used for histopathological evaluations of inflammation and collagen content, as well as for micro-computed tomography assessments of bone quality and vertical bone loss. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), and Pearson\u2019s correlation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). N-acetylcysteine \u200b\u200bincreased gingival antioxidant capacity and reduced lipid peroxidation compared with the experimental periodontitis group. Histopathological analysis showed that the experimental periodontitis plus daily N-acetylcysteine administration group, compared with the experimental periodontitis group, reduced inflammation, preserving collagen fibers, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Microcomputed tomography analysis revealed improved bone quality and reduced alveolar bone loss in the experimental periodontitis plus daily N-acetylcysteine administration group. These findings suggest that systemic N-acetylcysteine \u200b\u200bhas therapeutic potential in mitigating periodontitis in rats. Further studies are needed to establish its clinical applicability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05421-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:14:33Z","timestamp":1778728473000},"page":"16963-16978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["N-acetylcysteine mitigates oxidative stress and reduces alveolar bone damage on experimental periodontitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1639-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula de Andrade","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3722-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick Alves","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah Ribeiro","family":"Fraz\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius Ruan Neves","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8806-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mario","family":"Matos-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0741-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Risuenho","family":"Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deiweson","family":"Souza-Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallacy Watson Pereira","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7359-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuleni Alexandre","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everton Luiz Pompeu","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0529-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorddy Neves","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4500-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina Maciel","family":"da Silva-Boghossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Mezzomo","family":"Collares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Duarte","family":"de Souza-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Rodrigues","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2014.44.6.266","volume":"44","author":"J Alam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alam J, Baek KJ, Choi YS, Kim YC, Choi Y (2014) N-acetylcysteine and the human serum components that inhibit bacterial invasion of gingival epithelial cells prevent experimental periodontitis in mice. 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