{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:23:21Z","timestamp":1787664201640,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T04:37:52Z","timestamp":1779683872000},"page":"16783-16796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metformin\u2013phytochemical combination therapy in metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Jamal","family":"Amri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Karimpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Meshkani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.11.6","volume":"5","author":"N Alkhouri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alkhouri N, Carter-Kent C, Feldstein AE (2011) Apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 5(2):201\u2013212","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5461_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anand AC, Acharya SK (2022) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and our good glitazar: proof of the pudding is in the eating. J Clin Exp Hepatol 12(2):263\u2013267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.01.008"},{"key":"5461_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azizsoltani A, Niknam B, Taghizadeh-Teymorloei M, Ghoodjani E, Dianat-Moghadam H, Alizadeh E (2025) Therapeutic implications of obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother\u00a0 189:118249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118249"},{"issue":"21","key":"5461_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app152111576","volume":"15","author":"F Barbosa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barbosa F, Cunha A, Barbosa J, Faria J, Queir\u00f3s O (2025) The dual role of metformin: repurposing an antidiabetic drug for cancer therapy. Appl Sci Basel 15(21):11576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app152111576","journal-title":"Appl Sci Basel"},{"issue":"9","key":"5461_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090865","volume":"9","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee S, Dashwood RH (2020) Epigenetic regulation of NRF2\/KEAP1 by phytochemicals. Antioxidants Basel 9(9):865","journal-title":"Antioxidants Basel"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2023.J050","volume":"261","author":"J Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai J, Zhu Y, Li X, Deng G, Han Y, Yuan F et al (2023) Liposomal silybin improves glucose and lipid metabolisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK\/TGF-\u03b21\/Smad signaling. Tohoku J Exp Med 261(4):257\u2013265","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"5461_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chahkandi S, Dabiri R, Mirmohammadkhani M, Amiri-Dashatan N, Koushki M (2023) The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles in Iranian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.\u00a0ABI 1(2):83\u201389","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v1i2.14105"},{"key":"5461_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui K, Zhang L, La X, Wu H, Yang R, Li H et al (2022) Ferulic acid and P-coumaric acid synergistically attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through HDAC1\/PPARG-mediated free fatty acid uptake. Int J Mol Sci 23(23):15297","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315297"},{"issue":"5","key":"5461_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-4025-x","volume":"61","author":"MJ Czaja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Czaja MJ (2016) Function of autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 61(5):1304\u20131313","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"5461_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De A, Bhagat N, Mehta M, Taneja S, Duseja A (2024) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definition is better than MAFLD criteria for lean patients with NAFLD. J Hepatol 80(2):e61\u2013e62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.031"},{"key":"5461_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.595371","volume":"8","author":"AP Delli Bovi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delli Bovi AP, Marciano F, Mandato C, Siano MA, Savoia M, Vajro P (2021) Oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. An updated mini review. Front Med 8:595371","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5461_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02170-3","volume":"100","author":"TM do Moinho","year":"2022","unstructured":"do Moinho TM, Matos SL, Carvalho CR (2022) A comprehensive review on phytochemicals for fatty liver: are they potential adjuvants? J Mol Med Berl 100(3):411\u2013425","journal-title":"J Mol Med Berl"},{"key":"5461_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120621","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1120621","volume":"10","author":"Q Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Q, Bao H, Wang J, Shi W, Zou X, Sheng J et al (2023) Liver fibrosis and MAFLD: the exploration of multi-drug combination therapy strategies. Front Med 10:1120621","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"5461_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafari-Hafshejani F, Shahanipour K, Kazemipiur M, Seif F, Jafari A, Noor Behbahani M, Babaahmadi-Rezaei H (2023) curcumin attenuates oxidative stress-induced effects on TGF-\u03b2 expression and NF-\u03baB signaling in bovine aorticendothelial cells. ABI 1(2):90\u201395","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v1i2.14106"},{"key":"5461_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Urbani G, Distrutti E, Biagioli M (2025) Obeticholic acid and other farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) agonists in the treatment of liver disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 18(9):1424","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091424"},{"issue":"10","key":"5461_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30247","volume":"123","author":"CM Flessa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flessa CM, Kyrou I, Nasiri\u2010Ansari N, Kaltsas G, Kassi E, Randeva HS (2022) Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD\/MAFLD). J Cell Biochem 123(10):1585\u20131606","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2023.J023","volume":"260","author":"J Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu J, Yang J, He L, Yang C, He J, Hua Y et al (2023) Ferulic acid alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation by improving proximal and distal intestinal barriers in NAFLD mice. Tohoku J Exp Med 260(2):149\u201363","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"5461_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1022739","volume":"13","author":"S Goel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goel S, Singh R, Singh V, Singh H, Kumari P, Chopra H et al (2022) Metformin: activation of 5\u2032 AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action. Front Genet 13:1022739","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"5461_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goodarzi G, Yadollahi M, Tehrani SS, Meshkani R (2023a) Genistein in combination with Chlorogenic acid ameliorates insulin resistance and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet fed mice.\u00a0ABI 1(3):145\u2013153","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v1i3.14551"},{"key":"5461_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109369","volume":"118","author":"G Goodarzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS, Panahi G, Bahramzadeh A, Meshkani R (2023b) Combination therapy of metformin and p-coumaric acid mitigates metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet obese C57BL\/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 118:109369","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"5461_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2025.100195","author":"C Gou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gou C, Zhang W, Xu H, Zhang H, Ding R, Zhang X (2025) Pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and donor liver damage. iLIVER. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iliver.2025.100195","journal-title":"iLIVER"},{"issue":"6","key":"5461_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.10.008","volume":"1","author":"K Hallsworth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hallsworth K, Adams LA (2019) Lifestyle modification in NAFLD\/NASH: facts and figures. JHEP Rep 1(6):468\u2013479","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR23","volume":"2016","author":"L-p Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han L-p, Li C-j, Sun B, Xie Y, Guan Y, Ma Z-j et al (2016) Protective effects of celastrol on diabetic liver injury via TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2016(1):2641248","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"5461_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashim MMA, Khan MAM, Ashraf MU, Mohsin S, Zahoor K, Niazi J et al (2025) Pathological evolution and internal medicine management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the era of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Cureus 17(6):e86963","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.86963"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010045","volume":"14","author":"M H\u00fcttl","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00fcttl M, Markova I, Miklankova D, Zapletalova I, Poruba M, Racova Z et al (2021) The beneficial additive effect of silymarin in metformin therapy of liver steatosis in a pre-diabetic model. Pharmaceutics 14(1):45","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5461_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.18-032","volume":"38","author":"COM Jasirwan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jasirwan COM, Lesmana CRA, Hasan I, Sulaiman AS, Gani RA (2019) The role of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathways of mechanisms. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 38(3):81\u201388","journal-title":"Biosci Microbiota Food Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"5461_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073746","volume":"25","author":"K Kasprzak-Drozd","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kasprzak-Drozd K, Nizi\u0144ski P, Kasprzak P, Kondracka A, Oniszczuk T, Rusinek A et al (2024) Does resveratrol improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)? Int J Mol Sci 25(7):3746","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR28","volume":"18","author":"RB Khorzoughi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khorzoughi RB, Namvarjah F, Teimouri M, Hosseini H, Meshkani R (2019) In-vitro synergistic effect of metformin and berberine on high glucose-induced lipogenesis. Iran J Pharm Res 18(4):1921","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"5461_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173459","volume":"14","author":"A Koperska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koperska A, Weso\u0142ek A, Moszak M, Szuli\u0144ska M (2022) Berberine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014a review. Nutrients 14(17):3459","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020887","volume":"28","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, N P, Kumar M, Jose A, Tomer V, Oz E et al (2023) Major phytochemicals: recent advances in health benefits and extraction method. Molecules 28(2):887","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2012.18","volume":"1","author":"Y Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu L, Wang B, Wang J, Chen D (2013) Metformin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta\u2011analysis. Biomed Rep 1(1):57\u201364","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"5461_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02736G","volume":"12","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Wang T, Liu P, Yang F, Wang X, Zheng W et al (2021) Hesperetin ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via the PI3K\/AKT-Nrf2-ARE pathway in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and a rat model of high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. Food Funct 12(9):3898\u20133918","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"5461_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.913883","volume":"9","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Zheng L, Zhang B, Deng Z-Y, Luo T (2022) The structure basis of phytochemicals as metabolic signals for combating obesity. Front Nutr 9:913883","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"23","key":"5461_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28237936","volume":"28","author":"J-Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J-Z, Chen N, Ma N, Li M-R (2023) Mechanism and progress of natural products in the treatment of NAFLD-related fibrosis. Molecules 28(23):7936","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15495-7","volume":"15","author":"N Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li N, Chen Q-w, Gong X-l, Liu F, Zhang B, Wang Q-s et al (2025) Metformin and berberine synergistically improve NAFLD via the AMPK\u2013SREBP1\u2013FASN signaling pathway. Sci Rep 15(1):29400","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5461_CR36","first-page":"4323","volume-title":"Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic diseases and human health","author":"M\u00c1 Mart\u00edn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn M\u00c1, Ramos S (2024) Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic diseases and human health. MDPI, p 4323"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR37","volume":"2012","author":"A Mazza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazza A, Fruci B, Garinis GA, Giuliano S, Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A (2012) The role of metformin in the management of NAFLD. J Diabetes Res 2012(1):716404","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5461_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3844-9","volume":"59","author":"LJ McCreight","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCreight LJ, Bailey CJ, Pearson ER (2016) Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract. Diabetologia 59(3):426\u2013435","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-024-00445-z","volume":"14","author":"T Merenda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merenda T, Juszczak F, Ferier E, Duez P, Patris S, Decl\u00e8ves A-\u00c9 et al (2024) Natural compounds proposed for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Natural Products and Bioprospecting 14(1):24","journal-title":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting"},{"key":"5461_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihaylova MM, Shaw RJ (2011) The AMPK signalling pathway coordinates cell growth, autophagy and metabolism. Nature cell biology 3(9):1016\u201323","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2329"},{"key":"5461_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.975912","volume":"13","author":"K Nabrdalik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nabrdalik K, Skonieczna-\u017bydecka K, Irlik K, Hendel M, Kwiendacz H, \u0141oniewski I et al (2022) Gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol 13:975912","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5461_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-022-01077-1","volume":"80","author":"F Namvarjah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Namvarjah F, Shokri-Afra H, Moradi-Sardareh H, Khorzoughi RB, Pasalar P, Panahi G et al (2022) Chlorogenic acid improves anti-lipogenic activity of metformin by positive regulating of AMPK signaling in HepG2 cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 80(3):537\u2013545","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"6","key":"5461_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060824","volume":"12","author":"F Nassir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nassir F (2022) NAFLD: mechanisms, treatments, and biomarkers. Biomolecules 12(6):824","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"5461_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13531","volume":"292","author":"R Paternostro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paternostro R, Trauner M (2022) Current treatment of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Intern Med 292(2):190\u2013204","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"5461_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082750","volume":"14","author":"M Pecani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pecani M, Andreozzi P, Cangemi R, Corica B, Miglionico M, Romiti GF et al (2025) Metabolic syndrome and liver disease: re-appraisal of screening, diagnosis, and treatment through the paradigm shift from NAFLD to MASLD. J Clin Med 14(8):2750","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5461_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050641","volume":"58","author":"M Petrescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petrescu M, Vlaicu SI, Cium\u0103rnean L, Milaciu MV, M\u0103rginean C, Florea M et al (2022) Chronic inflammation\u2014a link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dysfunctional adipose tissue. Medicina 58(5):641","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"6","key":"5461_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20367","volume":"15","author":"K Pinyopornpanish","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinyopornpanish K, Leerapun A, Pinyopornpanish K, Chattipakorn N (2021) Effects of Metformin on hepatic steatosis in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: insights from the cellular to patient levels. Gut and liver 15(6):827","journal-title":"Gut and liver"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1","volume":"22","author":"S Pouwels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y, Leal A, Pintar T, Yang W et al (2022) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC endocrine disorders 22(1):63","journal-title":"BMC endocrine disorders"},{"key":"5461_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.154001","volume":"101","author":"G Ranjbar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ranjbar G, Mikhailidis DP, Sahebkar A (2019) Effects of newer antidiabetic drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis: think out of the box! Metabolism 101:154001","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"5461_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babaei Khorzoughi R, Meshkani R (2023) Beneficial effect of metformin, quercetin, and resveratrol combination on high glucose-induced lipogenesis in hepg2 cells. ABI 1(2):96\u2013104","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v1i2.14107"},{"key":"5461_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1327814","volume":"10","author":"G Ruan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruan G, Wu F, Shi D, Sun H, Wang F, Xu C (2023) Metformin: update on mechanisms of action on liver diseases. Front Nutr 10:1327814","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.0284","volume":"16","author":"A Said","year":"2017","unstructured":"Said A, Akhter A (2017) Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic agents in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol 16(4):538\u2013547","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"5461_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sattari M, Ostadmohammadi K, Hajian H, Karimpour A, Sedghgou F, Sattari M, Panahi G (2024) Fisetin as a promising agent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: insights into pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. ABI2(4):186\u2013195","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v2i4.19106"},{"issue":"19","key":"5461_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199625","volume":"26","author":"MY Sheikh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sheikh MY, Younus MF, Shergill A, Hasan MN (2025) Diet and lifestyle interventions in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci 26(19):9625","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5461_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.750826","volume":"12","author":"X Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu X, Li M, Cao Y, Li C, Zhou W, Ji G et al (2021) Berberine alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulating gut microbiota mediated intestinal FXR activation. Front Pharmacol 12:750826","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5461_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Kaur P, Kumar M, Shafi S, Upadhyay PK, Tiwari A et al (2025) The role of phytochemicals in modulating the gut microbiota: Implications for health and disease. Med Microecol\u00a024:100125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmic.2025.100125"},{"key":"5461_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleimani AA, Sarajar BO, Aliabadi M, Azmon M, Meshkani R (2024) A review of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress.\u00a0ABI 2(1):4\u201310","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v2i1.16242"},{"issue":"7","key":"5461_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070898","volume":"17","author":"I Szymczak-Pajor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Szymczak-Pajor I, Drzewoski J, Wenclewska S, \u015aliwi\u0144ska A (2024) Metformin-associated gastrointestinal adverse events are reduced by probiotics: a meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals 17(7):898","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"5461_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121706","volume":"323","author":"SS Tehrani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tehrani SS, Goodarzi G, Panahi G, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Meshkani R (2023) The combination of metformin with morin alleviates hepatic steatosis via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue browning in high-fat diet-fed mice. Life Sci 323:121706","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"5461_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.06.023","volume":"307","author":"W Teng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teng W, Zhao L, Yang S, Zhang C, Liu M, Luo J et al (2019) The hepatic-targeted, resveratrol loaded nanoparticles for relief of high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Control Release 307:139\u2013149","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"5461_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaff ari T, Bahramzadeh A, Meshkani R (2025) Recent advances in nanodelivery systems for polyphenols in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An update. ABI 3(3):133\u2013149","DOI":"10.18502\/abi.v3i3.20586"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010140","volume":"15","author":"X Wan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wan X, Ma J, Bai H, Hu X, Ma Y, Zhao M et al (2025) Drug advances in NAFLD: individual and combination treatment strategies of natural products and small-synthetic-molecule drugs. Biomolecules 15(1):140","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"5461_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14938","volume":"177","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Q, Ou Y, Hu G, Wen C, Yue S, Chen C et al (2020) Naringenin attenuates non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease by down\u2010regulating the NLRP3\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway in mice. Br J Pharmacol 177(8):1806\u201321","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"5461_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1341938","volume":"15","author":"M Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei M, Tu W, Huang G (2024) Regulating bile acids signaling for NAFLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions. Front Microbiol 15:1341938","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5461_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2025.2371","volume":"40","author":"X-L Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei X-L, Tao M-H, Li R-H, Ge S-H, Xiao W (2025) Metformin and adipose tissue: a multifaceted regulator in metabolism, inflammation, and regeneration. Endocrinol Metab Seoul 40(4):523\u2013538","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Seoul"},{"key":"5461_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Ke H, Li Y, Xie L, Su H, Xie J et al (2021) Malvidin-3-O-glucoside from blueberry ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating transcription factor EB-mediated lysosomal function and activating the Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway. J\u00a0Agric Food Chem\u00a069(16):4663\u201373","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06695"},{"issue":"11","key":"5461_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112630","volume":"29","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Li D, Gao G (2024) Kaempferol alleviates hepatic injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by suppressing neutrophil-mediated NLRP3-ASC\/TMS1-caspase 3 signaling. Molecules 29(11):2630","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5461_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108505","volume":"87","author":"F Zamani-Garmsiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zamani-Garmsiri F, Hashemnia SMR, Shabani M, Bagherieh M, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R (2021) Combination of metformin and genistein alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 87:108505","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5461_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2424","volume":"73","author":"F Zamani\u2010Garmsiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zamani\u2010Garmsiri F, Ghasempour G, Aliabadi M, Hashemnia SMR, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R (2021) Combination of metformin and chlorogenic acid attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high\u2010fat diet fed mice. IUBMB Life 73(1):252\u2013263","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"12","key":"5461_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14463","volume":"46","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Ping J, Jiang N, Xu L (2022) Resveratrol inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by regulating autophagy and apoptosis through the SIRT1 and JNK signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 46(12):e14463","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"5461_CR71","first-page":"4635","volume":"18","author":"J Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu X, Tong P, Yue Y, Gao S et al (2018) Inhibition of CCL19 benefits non\u2011alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TLR4\/NF\u2011\u03baB\u2011p65 signaling. Mol Med Rep 18(5):4635\u201342","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"5461_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou W, Zhang C, Gu X, Li X, Zhu H (2021) Metformin in combination with malvidin prevents progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via improving lipid and glucose metabolisms, and inhibiting inflammation in type 2 diabetes rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 15:2565\u20132576","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S307257"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:02:46Z","timestamp":1787662966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05461-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}