{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:37:05Z","timestamp":1792870625291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:54:33Z","timestamp":1783666473000},"page":"20825-20842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrative reverse vaccinology and computational modeling for the\u00a0rational design of a broadly immunogenic multi-epitope\u00a0vaccine against Marburg\u00a0virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Asadullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitara","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Pinyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalida","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rahiyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishaq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itazaz Ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Shujait","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5693_CR1","unstructured":"Abbasian, M. (2025). A computational approach to investigate the structural and functional consequences of residue mutations in human disease and protein design (Doctoral dissertation). UCL (University College London)"},{"key":"5693_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.hv\/2025\/12.135.144","volume":"12","author":"J Adaji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adaji J, Akyala A, Oloche J, Anejo-Okopi J (2025) Marburg virus: unveiling the complex dynamics of reservoir hosts and its far-reaching threats to global public health. Hosts Viruses 12:135\u2013144","journal-title":"Hosts Viruses"},{"key":"5693_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.32350\/ihr.51.05","volume":"5","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Amin S, Rahiyab M, Iqbal A, Ali SS, Ali L, Khan S, Khan H, Hussain Z (2025) A structure-based computational vaccine strategy for the emerging Isfahan virus: in-silico vaccine designing. International Health Review 5:61\u2013100","journal-title":"International Health Review"},{"key":"5693_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albaqami FF, Altharawi A, Althurwi HN, Alharthy KM, Qasim M, Muhseen ZT, Tahir ul Qamar M (2023) Computational modeling and evaluation of potential mrna and peptide-based vaccine against Marburg virus (MARV) to provide immune protection against hemorrhagic fever. Biomed Res Int 2023:5560605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/5560605","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5560605"},{"key":"5693_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-024-00873-2","volume":"24","author":"FQJ Al-Zayadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Zayadi FQJ, Shakir AS, Kareem AS, Ghasemian A, Behmard E (2024) Design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against Marburg virus using immunoinformatics studies. BMC Biotechnol 24:45","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"5693_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.866407","volume":"14","author":"E Arrieta-Bola\u00f1os","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arrieta-Bola\u00f1os E, Hern\u00e1ndez-Zaragoza DI, Barquera R (2023) An HLA map of the world: a comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II. Front Genet 14:866407","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"5693_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atique R, Saeed HA, Khera HURA, Naveed A, Sharif J, Fatima HR, ... & Samad A (2025) Overview of Marburg Viral Disease: Marburg Viral Disease.\u00a0Futuristic Biotechnology 5(1):02\u201309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54393\/fbt.v5i1.82","DOI":"10.54393\/fbt.v5i1.82"},{"key":"5693_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956776","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.956776","volume":"13","author":"S Aziz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aziz S, Waqas M, Halim SA, Ali A, Iqbal A, Iqbal M, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A (2022) Exploring whole proteome to contrive multi-epitope-based vaccine for NeoCoV: an immunoinformtics and in-silico approach. Front Immunol 13:956776","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5693_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93305-6","volume":"11","author":"S Basak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basak S, Deb D, Narsaria U, Kar T, Castiglione F, Sanyal I, Bade PD, Srivastava AP (2021) In silico designing of vaccine candidate against Clostridium difficile. Sci Rep 11:14215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-93305-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5693_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051465","volume":"355","author":"DG Bausch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bausch DG, Nichol ST, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Borchert M, Rollin PE, Sleurs H, Campbell P, Tshioko FK, Roth C, Colebunders R (2006) Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus. N Engl J Med 355:909\u2013919","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5693_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00795-8","volume":"9","author":"B Bravi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bravi B (2024) Development and use of machine learning algorithms in vaccine target selection. Npj Vaccines 9:15","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"5693_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-153","volume":"7","author":"HH Bui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bui HH, Sidney J, Dinh K, Southwood S, Newman MJ, Sette A (2006) Predicting population coverage of T-cell epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines. BMC Bioinformatics 7:153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-7-153","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"10","key":"5693_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101425","volume":"12","author":"SK Burley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burley SK, Berman HM, Duarte JM, Feng Z, Flatt JW, Hudson BP, Zardecki C (2022) Protein data bank: a comprehensive review of 3D structure holdings and worldwide utilization by researchers, educators, and students. Biomolecules 12(10):1425","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5693_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20507-7","volume":"15","author":"Z-L Chai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chai Z-L, Qi X-X, Li R, Luo J-R, Li C, Shi H-D, Tian T-T, Shang K-Y, Zhu Y-J, Zhang F-B (2025) Reverse vaccinology-driven construction and bioinformatics validation of a multi-epitope vaccine against Brucella spp. Sci Rep 15:36663","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5693_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-024-11034-0","volume":"29","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury S, Sadhukhan P, Mahata N (2025) Immunoinformatics investigation on pathogenic Escherichia coli proteome to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate. Mol Divers 29:4293\u20134321","journal-title":"Mol Divers"},{"key":"5693_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020916","volume":"2","author":"C Colovos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Colovos C, Yeates TO (1993) Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions. Protein Sci 2:1511\u20131519","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"5693_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.10.016","volume":"34","author":"AL Cunningham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cunningham AL, Gar\u00e7on N, Leo O, Friedland LR, Strugnell R, Laup\u00e8ze B, Doherty M, Stern P (2016) Vaccine development: from concept to early clinical testing. Vaccine 34:6655\u20136664","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5693_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00515-7","volume":"24","author":"G Cuomo-Dannenburg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cuomo-Dannenburg G, McCain K, McCabe R, Unwin HJT, Doohan P, Nash RK, Hicks JT, Charniga K, Geismar C, Lambert B (2024) Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 24:e307\u2013e317","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5693_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-025-00355-z","volume":"13","author":"A De","year":"2025","unstructured":"De A, Subramanian S, Nayak P, Pal K (2025) In silico drug repurposing of potential antiviral inhibitors targeting methyltransferase (2\u2032-O-MTase) domain of Marburg virus. In Silico Pharmacol 13:70","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacol"},{"key":"5693_CR20","first-page":"1","volume-title":"AllerTOP-a server for in silico prediction of allergens","author":"I Dimitrov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dimitrov I, Flower DR, Doytchinova I (2013) AllerTOP-a server for in silico prediction of allergens. Springer, BMC bioinformatics, pp 1\u20139"},{"key":"5693_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","author":"IA Doytchinova","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doytchinova IA, Flower DR (2007) VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines. BMC Bioinformatics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR22","unstructured":"Elbert JA (2025) Pathobiology and Immune Responses of Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus): Studies of Orthomarburgvirus Infection and Tissue-Based Insights Into Health and Disease (Doctoral dissertation). University of Georgia"},{"key":"5693_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-890-0:571","volume-title":"The proteomics protocols handbook","author":"E Gasteiger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gasteiger E, Hoogland C, Gattiker A, Duvaud SE, Wilkins MR, Appel RD, Bairoch A (2005) Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server. The proteomics protocols handbook. Humana press, Totowa, NJ, pp 571\u2013607"},{"key":"5693_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01424","volume":"61","author":"Y Ge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ge Y, Hahn DF, Mobley DL (2021) A benchmark of electrostatic method performance in relative binding free energy calculations. J Chem Inf Model 61:1048\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jcim.0c01424","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"5693_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380732","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1380732","volume":"15","author":"SA Ghaffar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghaffar SA, Tahir H, Muhammad S, Shahid M, Naqqash T, Faisal M, Albekairi TH, Alshammari A, Albekairi NA, Manzoor I (2024) Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches. Front Immunol 15:1380732","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5693_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2024.101482","volume":"7","author":"V Goswami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goswami V, Patel D, Rohit S, Chaube U, Patel B (2024) Homology modeling, binding site identification, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study of emerging and promising drug target of Wnt signaling\u2013human porcupine enzyme. Results Chem 7:101482","journal-title":"Results Chem"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"5693_CR27","first-page":"W526","volume":"33","author":"A Grote","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grote A, Hiller K, Scheer M, M\u00fcnch R, N\u00f6rtemann B, Hempel DC, Jahn D (2005) JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host. Nucl Technol 33(suppl_2):W526\u2013W531","journal-title":"Nucl Technol"},{"key":"5693_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-025-00428-z","volume":"13","author":"IU Haq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haq IU, Ullah N, Rahiyab M, Sartaj R, Khan I, Ali SS, Akbar F, Iqbal A (2025) Using immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approach to design novel and effective rational in-silico vaccine against human Astrovirus targeting the capsid polyprotein VP90: a silent threat to global gastrointestinal tract. In Silico Pharmacol 13:139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40203-025-00428-z","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacol"},{"key":"5693_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.12.010","volume":"42","author":"ME Hoekstra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoekstra ME, Slagter M, Urbanus J, Toebes M, Slingerland N, de Rink I, Kluin RJC, Nieuwland M, Kerkhoven R, Wessels LFA, Schumacher TN (2024) Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8+ T cell-derived cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 42:157\u2013167.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.12.010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"5693_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01290","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01290-24","volume":"10","author":"A Hoerter","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hoerter A, Petrucciani A, Bonifacio J, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS, Pienaar E (2025) Timing matters in macrophage\/CD4+ T cell interactions: an agent-based model comparing Mycobacterium tuberculosis host-pathogen interactions between latently infected and na\u00efve individuals. Msystems 10:e01290-e1324","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"5693_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1102","volume":"37","author":"J Hon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hon J, Marusiak M, Martinek T, Kunka A, Zendulka J, Bednar D, Damborsky J (2021) SoluProt: prediction of soluble protein expression in Escherichia coli. Bioinformatics 37:23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1102","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124253","author":"S Jung","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jung S, Woo HT, Oh Y-E, Cha H, Hwang BH, Cha HJ (2026) Adhesive adjuvant protein for long-lasting immune response in vaccination. Biomaterials. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124253","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5693_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1794832","volume":"19","author":"K Kardani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kardani K, Bolhassani A, Namvar A (2020) An overview of in silico vaccine design against different pathogens and cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 19:699\u2013726","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"5693_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2016.5.1.50","volume":"5","author":"A Karkhah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karkhah A, Amani J (2016) A potent multivalent vaccine for modulation of immune system in atherosclerosis: an in silico approach. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 5:50\u201359","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research"},{"key":"5693_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.111100","volume":"197","author":"A Khalaj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khalaj A, Moghri S (2025) Immunoinformatics design of multi-epitope vaccine candidates against \u201cESKAPE\u201d pathogens as nosocomial infection. Comput Biol Med 197:111100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.111100","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"5693_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-021-10316-7","volume":"28","author":"K Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid K, Irum S, Ullah SR, Andleeb S (2022) In-silico vaccine design based on a novel vaccine candidate against infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Pept Res Ther 28:16","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"5693_CR37","first-page":"a224","volume":"2","author":"S Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan S, Ali L, Ahmad S, Ullah S (2024) Developing a novel computational strategy for a multi-epitope vaccination against the guanarito virus to eliminate a deadly danger to worldwide health. J Emerg Trends Novel Res 2(6):a224\u2013a250","journal-title":"J Emerg Trends Novel Res"},{"key":"5693_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aichem.2025.100104","author":"S Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan S, Ahmad N, Ullah S, Ali L, Ahmad S, Fazal H (2025) Computational design and immunoinformatic evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against border disease virus. Artificial Intelligence Chemistry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aichem.2025.100104","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Chemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"5693_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-024-01278-4","volume":"67","author":"N Khakpour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khakpour N, Zahmatkesh A, Hosseini SY, Ghamar H, Nezafat N (2025) Identifi cation of the potential role ofthe E4orf4 protein in adenovirus A, B, C, and D groups in cancer therapy: computational approaches. Mol Biotechnol 67(9):3613\u20133625","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"5693_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh468","volume":"32","author":"DE Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim DE, Chivian D, Baker D (2004) Protein structure prediction and analysis using the Robetta server. Nucleic Acids Res 32:W526\u2013W531","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5693_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar Mishra S, Kumar N, Or Rashid MH, Sultana S, Dawoud TM, Bourhia M, Georrge JJ (2025) An integrated mutation-based immunoinformatic approach incorporating variability in epitopes: a study based on HIV subtype C. Front Immunol 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1540253","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1540253"},{"key":"5693_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar Singha A (2026) Rational in silico design of a multiepitope marburg virus vaccine candidate. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9870714\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9870714\/v1"},{"key":"5693_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-424","volume":"8","author":"MV Larsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larsen MV, Lundegaard C, Lamberth K, Buus S, Lund O, Nielsen M (2007) Large-scale validation of methods for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 8:424","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889892009944","volume":"26","author":"RA Laskowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laskowski RA, MacArthur MW, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J Appl Crystallogr 26:283\u2013291","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"5693_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05258-0","author":"K Latif","year":"2026","unstructured":"Latif K, Ali SS, Khan I, Almoghrabi-Ramirez S, Khan A, Iqbal A, Agouni A, Haq IU (2026) Integrative immunoinformatics and molecular modeling approaches for the rational design and in silico validation of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human herpesvirus 7. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05258-0","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"5693_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70669","volume":"8","author":"A Letafati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Letafati A, Fakhr SSH, Najafabadi AQ, Karami N, Karami H (2025) Marburg virus disease: a narrative review. Health Sci Rep 8:e70669","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"5693_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00554-7","volume":"22","author":"DJ Lynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynn DJ, Benson SC, Lynn MA, Pulendran B (2022) Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 22:33\u201346","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5693_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141147","volume":"305","author":"VR Majithiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Majithiya VR, Ghoghari AM, Gohel SD (2025) Purification, characterization, structural elucidation, and industrial applications of thermostable alkaline protease produced by seaweed-associated Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain VCs-4. Int J Biol Macromol 305:141147","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5693_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1021\/ci400071x","volume":"53","author":"T Makarewicz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Makarewicz T, Ka\u017amierkiewicz R (2013) Molecular dynamics simulation by GROMACS using GUI plugin for PyMOL. J Chem Inf Model 53(5):1229\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ci400071x","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"5693_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-025-00459-6","volume":"13","author":"R Mallick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mallick R, Sethi G, Sethi S, Hwang JH, Krishna R (2025) Artificial intelligence, structural, and immunoinformatics-driven multi-epitope vaccine design targeting non-structural proteins of West Nile Virus. In Silico Pharmacol 13:1\u201320","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5693_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.37897\/RMJ.2026.1.15","volume":"73","author":"A Manilal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Manilal A, Mitiku A, Karim DO, Sied M, Abebe M (2026) Marburg virus disease outbreaks: A narrative review of epidemiology and response. Rom Med J 73(1):139","journal-title":"Rom Med J"},{"key":"5693_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.4.404","volume":"16","author":"LJ McGuffin","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGuffin LJ, Bryson K, Jones DT (2000) The PSIPRED protein structure prediction server. Bioinformatics 16:404\u2013405","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02764-0","volume":"22","author":"SK Mishra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mishra SK, Guendouzi A, Kumar N, Sharma G, Alqahtani T, Zaki ME, Al Mashud MA, Tiruneh YK, Georrge JJ (2025) Integrated immuno and bioinformatics assisted novel epitope vaccine against HIV infection: a study based on complete genome. Virol J 22:228","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"5693_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.127883","volume":"433","author":"SK Mishra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mishra SK, Siddiquee NH, Patel CN, Kumar N, Senathilake KS, Georrge JJ (2025) Integrated immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology assisted novel multi-epitope vaccine against Coxsackievirus A10 investigating its whole genome encoded polyprotein. J Mol Liq 433:127883","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"5693_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2021.100623","volume":"24","author":"SAHMH Moghri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moghri SAHMH, Kiadeh SGH, Rahaiee S (2021) In Silico investigation of lysostaphin-producing novel strains as an enzybiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 24:100623","journal-title":"Informatics in Medicine Unlocked"},{"key":"5693_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7603","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2022.2123395","volume":"41","author":"SAH Mohammadzadeh Hosseini Moghri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadzadeh Hosseini Moghri SAH, Ranjbar M, Hassannia H, Khakdan F (2023) In silico analysis of the conserved surface-exposed epitopes to design novel multiepitope peptide vaccine for all variants of the SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 41:7603\u20137615","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"5693_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naveed M, Asim M, Aziz T, Athar A, Majeed MN, Tombozara N, Al-Zaban MI, Shami A, Alwethaynani MS, Al-Joufi FA (2026) In silico design and immunoinformatics assessment of a multiepitope vaccine targeting borealpox virus. Sci Rep 16(1):3885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36680-2"},{"key":"5693_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5999","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56554-9","volume":"14","author":"TL Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen TL, Kim H (2024) Immunoinformatics and computational approaches driven designing a novel vaccine candidate against Powassan virus. Sci Rep 14:5999","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5693_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41836","author":"KHH Nguyen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nguyen KHH, Le NV, Nguyen PH, Nguyen HHT, Hoang DM, Huynh CD (2025) Human immune system: exploring diversity across individuals and populations. Heliyon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41836","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"5693_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oladipo EK, Ogunmolu MD, Oyelakin OD, Hammed SO, Oluwasanya GJ, Hammed SO, ... & Onyeaka H (2023) Exploring the potentials of structural proteins: towards a Mrna vaccine candidate against marburg virus disease","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4511911"},{"key":"5693_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12121390","volume":"12","author":"J Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park J, Zhang Z, Belinskaya T, Tsoras AN, Chao C-C, Jiang L, Champion JA (2023) Dual-antigen subunit vaccine nanoparticles for scrub typhus. Pathogens 12:1390","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"5693_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103581","author":"R Pisapia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pisapia R, Fusco FM, Scorzolini L, Fontana L, Nicastri E (2025) Clinical features of Marburg virus disease: a review of all reported patients since 1967. EClinicalMedicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103581","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"5693_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-514","volume":"9","author":"J Ponomarenko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ponomarenko J, Bui H-H, Li W, Fusseder N, Bourne PE, Sette A, Peters B (2008) ElliPro: a new structure-based tool for the prediction of antibody epitopes. BMC Bioinformatics 9:1\u20138","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacun.2025.500463","author":"M Rahiyab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rahiyab M, Haq IU, Ali S, Hussain Z, Ali S, Khan I, Iqbal A (2025) Design of a new multi-epitope subunit vaccine to combat the EIA virus, targeting Pol, Gag, and Env proteins: in silico technique. Vacunas. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vacun.2025.500463","journal-title":"Vacunas"},{"issue":"1","key":"5693_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33595-2","volume":"15","author":"J Sabzevari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sabzevari J, Adeli OA, Shafaghi M, Bahadori Z, Ranjbar MM, Hosseini SM (2025) In silico design and characterization of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci Rep 15(1):45154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-33595-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5693_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21078","volume":"65","author":"S Saha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saha S, Raghava GP (2006) Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network. Proteins 65:40\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prot.21078","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"5693_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32043","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c04817","volume":"6","author":"SA Sami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sami SA, Marma KKS, Mahmud S, Khan MAN, Albogami S, El-Shehawi AM, Rakib A, Chakraborty A, Mohiuddin M, Dhama K, Uddin MMN, Hossain MK, Tallei TE, Emran TB (2021) Designing of a multi-epitope vaccine against the structural proteins of Marburg virus exploiting the immunoinformatics approach. ACS Omega 6:32043\u201332071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c04817","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"5693_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030521","volume":"14","author":"M \u0160antak","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0160antak M, Mati\u0107 Z (2022) The role of nucleoprotein in immunity to human negative-stranded RNA viruses\u2014not just another brick in the viral nucleocapsid. Viruses 14:521","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5693_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma N, Naorem LD, Jain S, Raghava GPS (2022) ToxinPred2: an improved method for predicting toxicity of proteins. Brief Bioinform 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbac174","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac174"},{"key":"5693_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.11.1548","volume":"18","author":"S Sheik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sheik S, Sundararajan P, Hussain A, Sekar K (2002) Ramachandran plot on the web. Bioinformatics 18:1548\u20131549","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5693_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1145\/3728923","volume":"2","author":"M Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen M, Pillai AA, Yuan BA, Davis JC, Machiry A (2025) Finding 709 defects in 258 projects: an experience report on applying CodeQL to open-source embedded software (experience paper). Proc ACM Softw Eng 2:1077\u20131100","journal-title":"Proc ACM Softw Eng"},{"key":"5693_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040323","volume":"14","author":"EE Siddig","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siddig EE, Ndembi N, Ahmed A, Muvunyi CM (2025) Immunogenicity, pathogenesis, and host\u2019s immuno-responses to Marburg virus infection. Pathogens (Basel) 14:323","journal-title":"Pathogens (Basel)"},{"key":"5693_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40203-025-00323-7","volume":"13","author":"RK Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh RK, Sarkar K, Das RK (2025) In-silico repurposing of antiviral compounds against Marburg virus: a computational drug discovery approach. In Silico Pharmacology 13:41","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacology"},{"key":"5693_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soltan MA, Abdulsahib WK, Amer M, Refaat AM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Albogami S, Fayad E, Eid RA, Sharaf SMA, Elhady SS, Darwish KM, Eldeen MA (2022) Mining of Marburg virus proteome for designing an epitope-based vaccine. Front Immunol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.907481","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.907481"},{"key":"5693_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stagnoli S, Abrescia NGA (2025) Glycoproteins in viruses. In: Jim\u00e9nez-Barbero J, Millet O (eds) NMR of glycoproteins: methods and protocols. Springer US, New York, pp 181\u2013200","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4722-6_11"},{"key":"5693_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ullah N, Haq IU, Rahiyab M, Ali SS, Khan I, Iqbal A (2026) In-silico design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against Chapare virus using integrated immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approaches. Med Omics: 100059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meomic.2026.100059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meomic.2026.100059"},{"key":"5693_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30163","volume":"123","author":"R Verma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verma R, Pradhan D, Nayek A, Singh H, Jain AK, Khan LA (2022) Target-based drug repurposing against Candida albicans\u2014a computational modeling, docking, and molecular dynamic simulations study. J Cell Biochem 123:289\u2013305","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"D1","key":"5693_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D436","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1092","volume":"53","author":"R Vita","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vita R et al (2025) The immune epitope database (IEDB): 2024 update. Nucleic Acids Res 53(D1):D436\u2013D443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae1092","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5693_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20035","volume":"25","author":"J Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang J, Wolf RM, Caldwell JW, Kollman PA, Case DA (2004) Development and testing of a general amber force field. J Comput Chem 25:1157\u20131174","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"5693_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.714","volume":"5","author":"R Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang R, Lan C, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Miller H, Kubo M, Heegaard S, Lee P, Yang L, Forsman H (2024) The interaction of innate immune and adaptive immune system. MedComm 5:e714","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"5693_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W407","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm290","volume":"35","author":"M Wiederstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiederstein M, Sippl MJ (2007) ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 35:W407\u2013W410","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5693_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0312-x","volume":"15","author":"Y Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan Y, Tao H, He J, Huang S-Y (2020) The HDOCK server for integrated protein\u2013protein docking. Nat Protoc 15:1829\u20131852","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"5693_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18059","volume":"9","author":"H Yousaf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yousaf H, Naz A, Zaman N, Hassan M, Obaid A, Awan FM, Azam SS (2023) Immunoinformatic and reverse vaccinology-based designing of potent multi-epitope vaccine against Marburgvirus targeting the glycoprotein. Heliyon 9:e18059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18059","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"10","key":"5693_CR84","first-page":"4172","volume":"10","author":"N Zaharieva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaharieva N, Dimitrov I, Flower D, Doytchinova I (2017) Immunogenicity prediction by VaxiJen: a ten year overview. J Proteom Bioinform 10(10):4172","journal-title":"J Proteom Bioinform"},{"key":"5693_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-024-00811-1","volume":"214","author":"X Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang J, Hu C, Wang Y, Hu F, Cai S, He Y (2025) Construction and evaluation of glycoprotein-based nucleic acid vaccines for Marburg virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 214:1","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:02:25Z","timestamp":1792868545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05693-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}