{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:49:41Z","timestamp":1786121381404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:10:31Z","timestamp":1786075831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin B12 and pregabalin combination restored brain waves dynamics and behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zain","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hussain","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohabia","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2295-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fakhir","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faleh","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIOX12040942","volume":"12","author":"AEK Ait Tayeb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ait Tayeb AEK, Poinsignon V, Chappell K et al (2023) Major depressive disorder and oxidative stress: a review of peripheral and genetic biomarkers according to clinical characteristics and disease stages. Antioxidants 12:942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIOX12040942","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"5788_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2013.10.007","volume":"215","author":"C Anderson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderson C, George D, Quante A (2014) Pregabalin in acute treatment of anxious depression: a case series. Psychiatry Res 215:246\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2013.10.007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"5788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PSYM.2011.01.003","volume":"52","author":"M Bar-Shai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bar-Shai M, Gott D, Marmor S (2011) Acute psychotic depression as a sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Psychosomatics 52:384\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PSYM.2011.01.003","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"5788_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/JN\/137.2.373","volume":"137","author":"J Blacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blacher J, Czernichow S, Rapha\u00ebl M et al (2007) Very low oral doses of vitamin B-12 increase serum concentrations in elderly subjects with food-bound vitamin B-12 malabsorption. J Nutr 137:373\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JN\/137.2.373","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5788_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17816\/CP6140","volume":"4","author":"NA Bokhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bokhan NA, Galkin SA, Vasilyeva SN (2023) EEG alpha band characteristics in patients with a depressive episode within recurrent and bipolar depression. Consort Psychiatr 4:5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17816\/CP6140","journal-title":"Consort Psychiatr"},{"key":"5788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40360-024-00794-Y","author":"H \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan H, Akat F, Dursun AD, Zalo\u011flu N (2024) Chronic pregabalin treatment reduced anxiety, and acute pregabalin treatment increased depression-like behaviors in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S40360-024-00794-Y","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"5788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2025.1483770","volume":"16","author":"N Cardoner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cardoner N, Guti\u00e9rrez-Rojas L, Saiz P et al (2025) Does pregabalin offer potential as a first-line therapy for generalized anxiety disorder? A meta-analysis of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Front Pharmacol 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2025.1483770","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5788_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBR.2015.04.052","volume":"291","author":"XY Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deng XY, Li HY, Chen JJ et al (2015) Thymol produces an antidepressant-like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in mice. Behav Brain Res 291:12\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBR.2015.04.052","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5788_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPSYCH.2014.12.011","volume":"77","author":"AA Fingelkurts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA (2015) Altered structure of dynamic electroencephalogram oscillatory pattern in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 77:1050\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPSYCH.2014.12.011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5788_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53109","volume":"2015","author":"JC Frisbee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frisbee JC, Brooks SD, Stanley SC, D\u2019Audiffret AC (2015) An unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol for instigating depressive symptoms, behavioral changes and negative health outcomes in rodents. J Vis Exp 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/53109","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"5788_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SEMCDB.2021.05.002","volume":"116","author":"FM Gunning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunning FM, Oberlin LE, Schier M, Victoria LW (2021) Brain-based mechanisms of late-life depression: implications for novel interventions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 116:169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SEMCDB.2021.05.002","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"5788_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gutsmiedl K, Krause M, Bighelli I et al (2020) How well do elderly patients with major depressive disorder respond to antidepressants: a systematic review and single-group meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12888-020-02514-2","DOI":"10.1186\/S12888-020-02514-2"},{"key":"5788_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain HK, Rasheed N, Rehman Z et al (2025) Nutritional co-therapy with vitamin D and L-theanine reduces unpredictable mild chronic stress (UCMS) in aged mice by restoring alpha-oscillations, dopamine levels and behavioral improvement. Exp Gerontol 210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EXGER.2025.112881","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2025.112881"},{"key":"5788_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FNUT.2020.587367","volume":"7","author":"I Imran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imran I, Javaid S, Waheed A et al (2021) Grewia asiatica berry juice diminishes anxiety, depression, and scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in behavioral experimental animal models. Front Nutr 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FNUT.2020.587367","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"5788_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2023.114406","volume":"160","author":"S Javaid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Javaid S, Alqahtani F, Ashraf W et al (2023) Tiagabine suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice and improves behavioral and cognitive parameters by modulating BDNF\/TrkB expression and neuroinflammatory markers. Biomed Pharmacother 160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2023.114406","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"5788_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12786\/BN.2021.14.E7","volume":"14","author":"S Jee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jee S (2021) Brain oscillations and their implications for neurorehabilitation. Brain Neurorehabil 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12786\/BN.2021.14.E7","journal-title":"Brain Neurorehabil"},{"key":"5788_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S00702-023-02648-Z","volume":"130","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jellinger KA (2023) The heterogeneity of late-life depression and its pathobiology: a brain network dysfunction disorder. J Neural Transm 130:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00702-023-02648-Z","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"5788_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y et al (2023) How oxidative stress induces depression? ASN Neuro 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17590914231181037;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914231181037;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION"},{"key":"5788_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYG.2019.00500","volume":"10","author":"BJ Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones BJ, Fitzroy AB, Spencer RMC (2019) Emotional memory moderates the relationship between sigma activity and sleep-related improvement in affect. Front Psychol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPSYG.2019.00500","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"5788_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/WJCC.V9.I31.9350","volume":"9","author":"R Karrouri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karrouri R, Hammani Z, Otheman Y, Benjelloun R (2021) Major depressive disorder: validated treatments and future challenges. World J Clin Cases 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/WJCC.V9.I31.9350","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"5788_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JPSYCHIRES.2021.01.027","volume":"135","author":"B Kathrin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kathrin B, Michael AH, Ines W, Kerstin H (2021) The relation between sigma power and internalizing problems across development. J Psychiatr Res 135:302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JPSYCHIRES.2021.01.027","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"5788_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/CPN.2021.19.3.490","volume":"19","author":"HY Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HY, Lee HJ, Jhon M et al (2021) Predictors of remission in acute and continuation treatment of depressive disorders. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9758\/CPN.2021.19.3.490","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5788_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00916-6","volume":"5","author":"M Kovatcheva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kovatcheva M, Melendez E, Chondronasiou D et al (2023) Vitamin B12 is a limiting factor for induced cellular plasticity and tissue repair. Nat Metab 5(11):1911\u20131930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-023-00916-6","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"5788_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7421","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS22147421","volume":"22","author":"CY Kuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuo CY, Lin CH, Lane HY (2021) Molecular basis of late-life depression. Int J Mol Sci 22:7421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS22147421","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5788_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Kang C, Wei Z et al (2017) Beta oscillations in major depression\u2013signalling a new cortical circuit for central executive function. Sci Rep 7(1):18021-. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-18306-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18306-w"},{"key":"5788_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARR.2022.101805","volume":"83","author":"EC Lorenzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lorenzo EC, Kuchel GA, Kuo CL et al (2022) Major depression and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ARR.2022.101805","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"5788_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.83301","volume":"17","author":"DA McCoy","year":"2025","unstructured":"McCoy DA, Walter SR, Bogoyas M (2025) Pregabalin use in treatment-resistant depression: a case report. Cureus 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.83301","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5788_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106288","volume":"176","author":"D Pascucci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pascucci D, Men\u00e9trey MQ, Passarotto E et al (2025) EEG brain waves and alpha rhythms: past, current and future direction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106288","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"5788_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAD.2025.03.169","volume":"381","author":"B Pozuelo Moyano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pozuelo Moyano B, Orgeta V, von Gunten A et al (2025) Treatment-resistant late-life depression prevalence and clinical\/sociodemographic correlates: an electronic health records study. J Affect Disord 381:77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAD.2025.03.169","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"5788_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSPS.2022.03.003","volume":"30","author":"Z Rehman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rehman Z, Farooq T, Javaid S et al (2022) Combination of levetiracetam with sodium selenite prevents pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and behavioral comorbidities in rats. Saudi Pharm J 30:494\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSPS.2022.03.003","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"5788_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rehman Z, Alqahtani F, Ashraf W et al (2024) Neuroprotective potential of topiramate, pregabalin and lacosamide combination in a rat model of acute SE and intractable epilepsy: perspectives from electroencephalographic, neurobehavioral and regional degenerative analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJPHAR.2024.176792","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJPHAR.2024.176792"},{"key":"5788_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS27031613","volume":"27","author":"P Revi Shanker","year":"2026","unstructured":"Revi Shanker P, Dorajoo R (2026) Molecular mechanisms of accelerated ageing in geriatric depression: interplay of telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. Int J Mol Sci 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS27031613","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5788_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/BN\/8037864","volume":"2025","author":"KA Saghir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saghir KA, Ashraf W, Mushtaq RMZ et al (2025) Brivaracetam combined with topiramate at low doses alleviates neurobehavioral deficits and oxidative stress in a chemoconvulsant kindled seizure model. Behav Neurol 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/BN\/8037864","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"5788_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.11169","volume":"12","author":"P Sangle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sangle P, Sandhu O, Aftab Z et al (2020) Vitamin B12 supplementation: preventing onset and improving prognosis of depression. Cureus 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.11169","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5788_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serchov T, Calker D van, Biber K (2016) Light\/dark transition test to assess anxiety-like behavior in mice. Bio-protocol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/BIOPROTOC.1957","DOI":"10.21769\/BIOPROTOC.1957"},{"key":"5788_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shakoor MU, Tareen FK, Rehman Z et al (2024) Probiotics by modulating gut\u2013brain axis together with brivaracetam mitigate seizure progression, behavioral incongruities, and prevented neurodegeneration in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 30.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CNS.7007","DOI":"10.1111\/CNS.7007"},{"key":"5788_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma S, Chawla S, Kumar P et al (2024) The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) paradigm: bridging the gap in depression research from bench to bedside. Brain Res 1843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149123"},{"key":"5788_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Evans ID et al (2024) Depression severity, slow- versus fast-wave neural activity, and symptoms of melancholia. Brain Sci 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BRAINSCI14060607","DOI":"10.3390\/BRAINSCI14060607"},{"key":"5788_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2023.02.008","volume":"46","author":"S Subramanian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Subramanian S, Oughli HA, Gebara MA et al (2023) Treatment-resistant late-life depression: a review of clinical features, neuropsychology, neurobiology, and treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 46:371\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2023.02.008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"5788_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szymkowicz SM, Gerlach AR, Homiack D, Taylor WD (2023) Biological factors influencing depression in later life: role of aging processes and treatment implications. Transl Psychiatry 13(1):160-. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02464-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02464-9"},{"key":"5788_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2020.108112","volume":"171","author":"C Trautmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trautmann C, Bock A, Urbach A et al (2020) Acute vitamin B12 supplementation evokes antidepressant response and alters Ntrk-2. Neuropharmacology 171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2020.108112","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5788_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waterborg JH (2009) The lowry method for protein quantitation. In: Walker, J.M. (Ed.), The protein protocols handbook. Springer protocols Handbook, Humana press, Totowa, NJ 7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-59745-198-7_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-198-7_2"},{"key":"5788_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S558969","volume":"21","author":"T Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu T, Mao Y, Wang Y et al (2025) Recent advances in multimodal non-pharmacological interventions for late-life depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 21:2525\u20132544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S558969","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1786075832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["5788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05788-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were conducted in accordance with all applicable institutional, national, and international rules and regulations. All experiments did not raise any ethical concerns. This article does not contain any studies with human participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}