{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:27:18Z","timestamp":1786994838970,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:29:54Z","timestamp":1786991394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maximizing weight loss with cagrisema: a systematic review and GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6397-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal Wazir","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed AsadUllah","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Huzaifa","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyaba Ikram","family":"Qazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahreena Athar","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafila","family":"Zeeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer Zaryab","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humaira","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Faaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haris Wazir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Affan Masaud","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdur","family":"Rafay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5809_CR1","first-page":"16","volume":"31","author":"N Alfaris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfaris N, Waldrop S, Johnson V, Boaventura B, Kendrick K, Stanford FC (2024) GLP-1 single, dual, and triple receptor agonists for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity: A narrative review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 31(1):16\u201322","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"5809_CR2","unstructured":"American College of Cardiology (n.d.) REDEFINE 1 and REDEFINE 2: greater weight loss with combined cagrilintide\u2013semaglutide vs either drug alone or placebo [Internet]. 2025 Jul 2 [cited 2025 Aug 22]. Available from: https:\/\/www.acc.org\/Latest-in-Cardiology\/Journal-Scans\/2025\/07\/02\/14\/43\/REDEFINE-1-and-REDEFINE-2.\u00a0Accessed 10 Nov 2025"},{"key":"5809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2024.171149","volume":"174","author":"CJ Bailey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bailey CJ, Flatt PR, Conlon JM (2024) Recent advances in peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides 174:171149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2024.171149","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"5809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12551","volume":"18","author":"GA Bray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bray GA, Kim KK, Wilding JPH (2017) Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 18:715\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12551","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"5809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buse JB, Bajaj HS, Dalskov SM, Donaldson L, Hansen Duus HH, Fabricius TW, et al (2026) Cagrilintide\u2013semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2026 Jun 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(26)00125-7. Epub ahead of print","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(26)00125-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"5809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00796-z","volume":"11","author":"M Capehorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Capehorn M, Ghani Y, Hindsberger C, Johansen P, J\u00f3dar E (2020) Once-weekly semaglutide reduces HbA1c and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of background common OAD: a subgroup analysis from SUSTAIN 2\u20134 and 10. Diabetes Ther 11(5):1061\u20131075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-020-00796-z","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"5809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105836","volume":"118","author":"AO Carvas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carvas AO, Leuthardt A, Kulka P, Lommi G, Hassan S, Coester B, Lundh S, Pers T, Secher A, Raun K, Lutz TA, Le Foll C (2025) Cagrilintide lowers bodyweight through brain amylin receptors 1 and 3. EBioMedicine 118:105836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105836","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"5809_CR8","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (n.d.) REDEFINE 1: CagriSema in adults with overweight or obesity. NCT05567796. Updated 2025 Jul 31. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05567796."},{"key":"5809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crabtree TSJ, Adamson K, Reid H, Barnes D, Sivappriyan S, Bickerton A, Gallen IW, Field BCT, Idris I, Ryder REJ, & all ABCD semaglutide audit contributors (2022) Injectable semaglutide and reductions in HbA1c and weight in the real world in people switched from alternative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes, Obesity Metabolism, 24(7) 1398\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14701","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14701"},{"key":"5809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D\u2019Ascanio, Antonella M. BS*; Mullally, Jamie A. MD\u2020; Frishman, William H. MD\u2021. (2024) Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity. Cardiology in Review 32(1): 83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000513","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000513"},{"issue":"7","key":"5809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502082","volume":"393","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2025","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Bajaj HS, Broholm C, Eliasen A, Garvey WT, le Roux CW et al (2025) Cagrilintide\u2013semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 393(7):648\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2502082","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes21071","volume":"30","author":"B Dehestani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dehestani B, Stratford NR, Roux CWL (2021) Amylin as a future obesity treatment. J Obes Metab Syndr 30:320\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7570\/jomes21071","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_45_24","volume":"28","author":"D Dutta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dutta D, Nagendra L, Harish BG, Sharma M, Joshi A, Hathur B, Kamrul-Hasan A (2024) Efficacy and safety of cagrilintide alone and in combination with semaglutide (Cagrisema) as anti-obesity medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 28(5):436\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_45_24","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5809_CR14","unstructured":"Dymala K (2024) Co-formulation of semaglutide and cagrilintide shows promise against diabetes and obesity. American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"5809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eldor R, Avraham N, Rosenberg O, Shpigelman M, Golan-Cohen A, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Merzon E, Buch A (2025) Gradual Titration of Semaglutide Results in Better Treatment Adherence and Fewer Adverse Events: A Randomized Controlled Open-Label Pilot Study Examining a 16-Week Flexible Titration Regimen Versus Label-Recommended 8-Week Semaglutide Titration Regimen. Diabetes care, dc250690. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc25-0690","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-0690"},{"issue":"10286","key":"5809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00845-X","volume":"397","author":"LB Enebo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Enebo LB, Berthelsen KK, Kankam M, Lund MT, Rubino DM, Satylganova A, Lau DCW (2021) Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial. Lancet 397(10286):1736\u20131748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00845-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10403","key":"5809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01163-7","volume":"402","author":"JP Frias","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frias JP, Deenadayalan S, Erichsen L, Knop FK, Lingvay I, Macura S, Mathieu C, Pedersen SD, Davies M (2023) Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2.4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 402(10403):720\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01163-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"5809_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502081","volume":"393","author":"WT Garvey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garvey WT, Bl\u00fcher M, Osorto Contreras CK, Davies MJ, Winning Lehmann E, Pietil\u00e4inen KH et al (2025) Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med 393(7):635\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2502081","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"GBD","year":"2015","unstructured":"GBD (2015) Obesity Collaborators (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 377(1):13\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10258","key":"5809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","volume":"396","author":"GBD","year":"2019","unstructured":"GBD (2019) Risk Factors Collaborators (2020) Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396(10258):1223\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000940","author":"S Hadid","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hadid S, Frishman WH, Aronow WS (2025) Advancing Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control While Exploring CagriSema\u2019s Impact on Obesity Management. Cardiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000940","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"5809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Br Med J [Internet]. 2003 Sep 6 [cited 2025 Jul 25];327(7414):557\u201360. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12958120\/","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"issue":"2","key":"5809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S1978","volume":"4","author":"BJ Hoogwerf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoogwerf BJ, Doshi KB, Diab D (2008) Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4(2):355\u2013362","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"7640","key":"5809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","volume":"542","author":"GS Hotamisligil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hotamisligil GS (2017) Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 542(7640):177\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21363","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102789","volume":"75","author":"C Jarade","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jarade C, Zolotarova T, Moiz A, Eisenberg MJ (2024) GLP-1-based therapies for resistant hypertension in individuals with overweight or obesity. eClinicalMedicine 75:102789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102789","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"5809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","volume":"129","author":"MD Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA, Hu FB, Hubbard VS, Jakicic JM, Kushner RF, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Pi-Sunyer FX, Stevens J, Stevens VJ, Wadden TA, Wolfe BM, Yanovski SZ (2014) 2013 AHA\/ACC\/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. Circulation 129:S102\u2013S138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"38","key":"5809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae564","volume":"45","author":"C Kennedy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kennedy C, Hayes P, Cicero AFG, Dobner S, Le Roux CW, McEvoy JW, Zgaga L, Hennessy M (2024) Semaglutide and blood pressure: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 45(38):4124\u20134134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae564","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5809_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14890","volume":"25","author":"MN Kosiborod","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kosiborod MN, Bhatta M, Davies M, Deanfield JE, Garvey WT, Khalid U, Kushner R, Rubino DM, Zeuthen N, Verma S (2023) Semaglutide improves cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity: STEP 1 and 4 exploratory analyses. Diabetes Obes Metab 25(2):468\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14890","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"5809_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22794","volume":"28","author":"RF Kushner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kushner RF, Calanna S, Davies M, Dicker D, Garvey WT, Goldman B, Lingvay I, Thomsen M, Wadden TA, Wharton S, Wilding JPH, Rubino D (2020) Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the Treatment of Obesity: Key Elements of the STEP Trials 1 to 5. Obesity 28:1050\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22794","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"5809_CR30","unstructured":"Latif W, Lambrinos KJ, Patel P, et al (n.d.) Compare and Contrast the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RAs) [Updated 2024 Feb 25]. In: Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK572151\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u00a0Accessed 10 Nov 2025"},{"issue":"10317","key":"5809_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01751-7","volume":"398","author":"DCW Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, Satylganova A, le Roux CW, McGowan B, Pedersen SD, Pietil\u00e4inen KH, Rubino D, Batterham RL (2021) Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet 398(10317):2160\u20132172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01751-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5809_CR32","unstructured":"LiverTox (2012) Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Pramlintide. [Updated 2016 Jun 6]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK548949\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u00a0Accessed 10 Nov 2025"},{"key":"5809_CR33","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic (2025) Semaglutide (subcutaneous route): description. Drugs & Supplements. March 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 22]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements\/semaglutide-subcutaneous-route\/description\/drg-20406730"},{"key":"5809_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175397","volume":"938","author":"SA Melander","year":"2023","unstructured":"Melander SA, Katri A, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K (2023) Improved metabolic efficacy of a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist when combined with semaglutide or empagliflozin. Eur J Pharmacol 938:175397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175397","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10113","key":"5809_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","volume":"390","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2017","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2017) Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128\u00b79 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 390(10113):2627\u20132642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5809_CR36","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ [Internet]. 2021 Mar 29 [cited 2025 Jul 25];372. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33782057\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"5809_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060836","volume":"16","author":"S Pandey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pandey S, Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W (2023) Multifaceted roles of GLP-1 and its analogs: a review on molecular mechanisms with a cardiotherapeutic perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 16(6):836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16060836","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"12","key":"5809_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14514","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46120872","volume":"46","author":"I Papakonstantinou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Papakonstantinou I, Tsioufis K, Katsi V (2024) Spotlight on the mechanism of action of semaglutide. Curr Issues Mol Biol 46(12):14514\u201314541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46120872","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"5809_CR39","unstructured":"Peptides.org. (n.d.) Cagrilintide: side effects, complications and risk profile [Internet]. Updated 29 Aug 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 22].\u00a0Available from:\u00a0https:\/\/www.peptides.org\/cagrilintide-side-effects-complications-and-risk-profile\/.\u00a0Accessed 10 Nov 2025"},{"issue":"39","key":"5809_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66504","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16008","volume":"8","author":"YC Qiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiao YC, Ling W, Pan YH, Chen YL, Zhou D, Huang YM, Zhang XX, Zhao HL (2017) Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8(39):66504\u201366515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.16008","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"5809_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosenstock J, Billings LK, Gajria R, Giorgino F, Johansen NB, Klein KR, et al (2026) Cagrilintide\u2013semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2026 Jun 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)01022-6. Epub ahead of print","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)01022-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"5809_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/ds.DS-D-22-00154","volume":"41","author":"SC Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao SC, Kuo LT, Huang YT, Lai PC, Chi CC (2023) Using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to rate the certainty of evidence of study outcomes from systematic reviews: a quick tutorial. Dermatol Sin 41(1):3\u20137","journal-title":"Dermatol Sin"},{"issue":"9","key":"5809_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0029","volume":"31","author":"SR Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith SR, Aronne LJ, Burns CM, Kesty NC, Halseth AE, Weyer C (2008) Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity. Diabetes Care 31(9):1816\u20131823","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"5809_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al (2019) RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. The BMJ [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jul 25];366. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31462531\/","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"5809_CR45","unstructured":"Synapse (Patsnap) (n.d.) What is the therapeutic class of Cagrilintide? [Internet]. 2025 Mar 6 [cited 2025 Aug 22]. Available from: https:\/\/synapse.patsnap.com\/article\/what-is-the-therapeutic-class-of-cagrilintide.\u00a0Accessed 10 Nov 2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"5809_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9170-8","volume":"12","author":"J Tong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tong J, Sandoval DA (2011) Is the GLP-1 system a viable therapeutic target for weight reduction? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 12(3):187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-011-9170-8","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"5809_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14551","volume":"24","author":"S Wharton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wharton S, Calanna S, Davies M, Dicker D, Goldman B, Lingvay I, Mosenzon O, Rubino DM, Thomsen M, Wadden TA, Pedersen SD (2022) Gastrointestinal tolerability of once weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab 24(1):94\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14551","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"5809_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2032183","volume":"384","author":"JPH Wilding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, Mcgowan BM, Rosenstock J, Tran MTD, Wadden TA, Wharton S, Yokote K, Zeuthen N, Kushner RF (2021) Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med 384:989\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2032183","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5809_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamauchi T, Becker NP, Hagemann CA, Huang KC, Kiyosue A, Lim S, Onishi Y, Kosuvaripalli A, Takano T, Ishigaki Y; REDEFINE 5 study group (2026) Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 14(6):450\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00402-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00402-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"5809_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14661","volume":"25","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang S, Zhou Z, Miao H, Zhang Y (2023) Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 25(5):404\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14661","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:29:56Z","timestamp":1786991396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["5809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05809-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that all data were generated in-house, that no paper mill was used and that no AI tool has been used for the generation of text or figures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of AI Use","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review and meta-analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Trial registration number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}