{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:02:28Z","timestamp":1789398148962,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:15:29Z","timestamp":1789348529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formulation and Box\u2013Behnken optimization of roflumilast loaded ultradeformable nanotransethosomal gel: physicochemical characterization, stability, dermal permeation, and antipsoriatic efficacy in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Andhale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3991-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Someshwar","family":"Mankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achal","family":"Andhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajashree","family":"Ghogare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhas","family":"Siddheshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S158018","volume":"12","author":"IM Abdulbaqi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Assi RA, Khan NAK (2018) Transethosomal gels as carriers for the transdermal delivery of colchicine: statistical optimization, characterization, and ex vivo evaluation. Drug des Devel Ther 12:795\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S158018","journal-title":"Drug des Devel Ther"},{"key":"5896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S105016","volume":"11","author":"IM Abdulbaqi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Khan NAK, Assi RA, Khan AA (2016) Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials. Int J Nanomedicine 11:2279\u20132304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S105016","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"5896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155905","volume":"28","author":"M Adnan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adnan M, Akhter MH, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Ahmad I, Alossaimi MA et al (2023) Exploring nanocarriers as treatment modalities for skin cancer. Molecules 28:5905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28155905","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5896_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.112211","volume":"299","author":"A Alanazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alanazi A, Alshehri S, Altamimi M, Shakeel F (2020) Solubility determination and three dimensional Hansen solubility parameters of gefitinib in different organic solvents: experimental and computational approaches. J Mol Liq 299:112211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.112211","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"5896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9050400","volume":"9","author":"MM Alfadhel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfadhel MM, Zaki RM, Aldosari BN, Sayed OM (2023) Numerical optimization of prednisolone\u2013tacrolimus loaded ultraflexible transethosomes for transdermal delivery enhancement; box\u2013behnken design, evaluation, optimization, and pharmacokinetic study. Gels 9:400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9050400","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"5896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201052772915","volume":"2","author":"H Benson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benson H (2005) Transdermal drug delivery: penetration enhancement techniques. CDD 2:23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567201052772915","journal-title":"CDD"},{"key":"5896_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102391","volume":"15","author":"YA Bin Jardan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Al-Jenoobi FI (2023) Preparation and characterization of transethosome formulation for the enhanced delivery of sinapic acid. Pharmaceutics 15:2391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15102391","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"5896_CR8","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2024) Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures 2024. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/q2r2-validation-analytical-procedures.\u00a0Accessed 22 Sept 2025"},{"key":"5896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104595","author":"N Chauhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chauhan N, Vasava P, Khan SL, Siddiqui FA, Islam F, Chopra H et al (2022) Ethosomes: a novel drug carrier. Ann Med Surg (Lond). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104595","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"5896_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.59","volume":"2","author":"P Chowdary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdary P, Padmakumar A, Rengan AK (2023) Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: a comprehensive review. MedComm \u2013 Biomaterials and Applications 2:e59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mba2.59","journal-title":"MedComm \u2013 Biomaterials and Applications"},{"key":"5896_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20602","volume":"185","author":"A Egeberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Egeberg A, Meteran H, Gyldenl\u00f8ve M, Zachariae C (2021) Complete clearance of severe plaque psoriasis with 24 weeks of oral roflumilast therapy. Br J Dermatol 185:1251\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.20602","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"5896_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103347","volume":"27","author":"M Farooq","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farooq M, Usman F, Zaib S, Shah HS, Jamil QA, Akbar Sheikh F et al (2022) Fabrication and evaluation of voriconazole loaded transethosomal gel for enhanced antifungal and antileishmanial activity. Molecules 27:3347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27103347","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5896_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118817","volume":"573","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda R, Lalatsa A, Statts L, Bol\u00e1s-Fern\u00e1ndez F, Ballesteros MP, Serrano DR (2020) Transferosomes as nanocarriers for drugs across the skin: quality by design from lab to industrial scale. Int J Pharm 573:118817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118817","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"5896_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226786","volume":"26","author":"G Gaynanova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaynanova G, Vasileva L, Kashapov R, Kuznetsova D, Kushnazarova R, Tyryshkina A et al (2021) Self-assembling drug formulations with tunable permeability and biodegradability. Molecules 26:6786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26226786","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5896_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112324","volume":"14","author":"O Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez O, Ramirez IO, Ramirez BI, O\u2019Connell P, Ballesteros MP, Torrado JJ et al (2022) Drug stability: ICH versus accelerated predictive stability studies. Pharmaceutics 14:2324","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"5896_CR16","first-page":"357","volume":"21","author":"AK Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Ravi SP, Vincent K, Abramovits W (2023) ZORYVETM (Roflumilast) Cream: a topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of psoriasis. Skinmed 21:357\u2013359","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"key":"5896_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gyldenl\u00f8ve M, Meteran H, S\u00f8rensen JA, Fage S, Yao Y, Lindhardsen J et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of oral roflumilast for moderate-to-severe psoriasis\u2014a randomized controlled trial (PSORRO). The Lancet Regional Health \u2013 Europe 30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100639"},{"key":"5896_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02573-0","volume":"24","author":"S Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain S, Shah RP (2023) Drug-excipient compatibility study through a novel vial-in-vial experimental setup: a benchmark study. AAPS PharmSciTech 24:117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-023-02573-0","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"5896_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.02.006","volume":"45","author":"A Joshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joshi A, Kaur J, Kulkarni R, Chaudhari R (2018) In-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation of Raloxifene hydrochloride delivery using nano-transfersome based formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 45:151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.02.006","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"5896_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S400610","volume":"18","author":"S Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim S, Abdella S, Abid F, Afinjuomo F, Youssef SH, Holmes A et al (2023) Development and optimization of imiquimod-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using a hybrid design of experiments approach. Int J Nanomedicine 18:1007\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S400610","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"5896_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280231170031","volume":"58","author":"C Kontzias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kontzias C, Chandy R, Feldman SR (2024) Choosing systemic agents for psoriasis. Ann Pharmacother 58:333\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280231170031","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"5896_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-022-00440-6","volume":"8","author":"B Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar B, Pandey M, Aggarwal R, Sahoo PK (2022) A comprehensive review on invasomal carriers incorporating natural terpenes for augmented transdermal delivery. Futur J Pharm Sci 8:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43094-022-00440-6","journal-title":"Futur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5896_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15632","volume":"328","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG, Kircik LH, Moore AY, Stein Gold L, Draelos ZD, Gooderham MJ et al (2022) Effect of roflumilast cream vs vehicle cream on chronic plaque psoriasis: the DERMIS-1 and DERMIS-2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA 328:1073\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.15632","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5896_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2000073","volume":"383","author":"MG Lebwohl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lebwohl MG, Papp KA, Gold LS, Gooderham MJ, Kircik LH, Draelos ZD et al (2020) Trial of roflumilast cream for chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med 383:229\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2000073","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5896_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.02.020","volume":"26","author":"EH Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee EH, Kim A, Oh Y-K, Kim C-K (2005) Effect of edge activators on the formation and transfection efficiency of ultradeformable liposomes. Biomaterials 26:205\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.02.020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"5896_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020222","volume":"16","author":"Y Lei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lei Y, Yang Y, Yang G, Li A, Yang Y, Wang Y et al (2024) Delivery strategies for colchicine as a critical dose drug: reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. Pharmaceutics 16:222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020222","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"5896_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-01060-5","volume":"13","author":"PC Luna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luna PC, Chu C-Y, Fatani M, Borlenghi C, Adora A, Llamado LQ et al (2023) Psychosocial burden of psoriasis: a systematic literature review of depression among patients with psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 13:3043\u20133055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01060-5","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"5896_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060803","volume":"17","author":"ZK Maded","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maded ZK, Sfar S, Taqa GAA, Lassoued MA, Ben Hadj Ayed O, Fawzi HA (2024) Development and optimization of dipyridamole- and roflumilast-loaded nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel for enhanced skin permeation: formulation, characterization, and in vitro assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 17:803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17060803","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"5896_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malang SD, Shambhavi, Sahu AN (2024) Transethosomal gel for enhancing transdermal delivery of natural therapeutics. Nanomedicine 19:1801\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435889.2024.2375193","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2024.2375193"},{"key":"5896_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/jjnpp-17653","author":"E Moghimipour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moghimipour E, Salami A, Monjezi M (2015) Formulation and evaluation of liposomes for transdermal delivery of celecoxib. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17795\/jjnpp-17653","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod"},{"key":"5896_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2023.2221354","volume":"34","author":"M Munir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munir M, Zaman M, Waqar MA, Hameed H, Riaz T (2024) A comprehensive review on transethosomes as a novel vesicular approach for drug delivery through transdermal route. J Liposome Res 34:203\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08982104.2023.2221354","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"key":"5896_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25132959","volume":"25","author":"H Natsheh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Natsheh H, Touitou E (2020) Phospholipid vesicles for dermal\/transdermal and nasal administration of active molecules: the effect of surfactants and alcohols on the fluidity of their lipid bilayers and penetration enhancement properties. Molecules 25:2959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25132959","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5896_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01681-5","volume":"21","author":"D Nayak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nayak D, Tawale RM, Aranjani JM, Tippavajhala VK (2020) Formulation, optimization and evaluation of novel ultra-deformable vesicular drug delivery system for an anti-fungal drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 21:140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-020-01681-5","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"5896_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-010-9522-9","volume":"11","author":"S-F Ng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ng S-F, Rouse JJ, Sanderson FD, Meidan V, Eccleston GM (2010) Validation of a static franz diffusion cell system for in vitro permeation studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 11:1432\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-010-9522-9","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"5896_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001678","volume":"30","author":"SE Nicolas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicolas SE, Bear MD, Kanaan AO, Coman OA, Dima L (2023) Roflumilast 0.3% cream: a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Am J Ther 30:e535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001678","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"5896_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"A O\u2019Toole","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole A, Gooderham M (2023) Topical roflumilast for plaque psoriasis. Skin Therapy Lett 28:1\u20134","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"5896_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.36849\/jdd.2020.5370","volume":"19","author":"KA Papp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papp KA, Gooderham M, Droege M, Merritt C, Osborne DW, Berk DR et al (2020) Roflumilast cream improves signs and symptoms of plaque psoriasis: results from a phase 1\/2a randomized, controlled study. J Drugs Dermatol 19:734\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36849\/jdd.2020.5370","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"5896_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122839","volume":"637","author":"S Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel S, Patel M, Kulkarni M, Patel MS (2023) DE-INTERACT: a machine-learning-based predictive tool for the drug-excipient interaction study during product development\u2014validation through paracetamol and vanillin as a case study. Int J Pharm 637:122839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122839","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"5896_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280221137750","volume":"57","author":"JN Pixley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pixley JN, Schaetzle T, Feldman SR (2023) A review of topical roflumilast for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Ann Pharmacother 57:966\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280221137750","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"5896_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S519420","volume":"15","author":"M Ponikowska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ponikowska M, Vellone E, Czapla M, Uchmanowicz I (2025) Challenges psoriasis and its impact on quality of life: challenges in treatment and management. Psoriasis Targets Ther 15:175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PTT.S519420","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther"},{"key":"5896_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3329\/icpj.v1i11.12063","volume":"1","author":"D Prasanthi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasanthi D, Lakshmi PK (2012) Development of ethosomes with taguchi robust design-based studies for transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride. Int Curr Pharm J 1:370\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3329\/icpj.v1i11.12063","journal-title":"Int Curr Pharm J"},{"key":"5896_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1504","volume":"26","author":"MR Prausnitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prausnitz MR, Langer R (2008) Transdermal drug delivery. Nat Biotechnol 26:1261\u20131268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt.1504","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"5896_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9090767","volume":"9","author":"MI Qureshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qureshi MI, Jamil QA, Usman F, Wani TA, Farooq M, Shah HS et al (2023) Tioconazole-loaded transethosomal gel using box\u2013behnken design for topical applications: in vitro, in vivo, and molecular docking approaches. Gels 9:767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9090767","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"5896_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2023.105315","volume":"255","author":"A Raj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raj A, Dua K, Nair RS, Sarath Chandran C, Alex AT (2023) Transethosome: an ultra-deformable ethanolic vesicle for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Chem Phys Lipids 255:105315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2023.105315","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"5896_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2024v16i1.49328","author":"M Rosmiati","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosmiati M, Sopyan I, Chaerunisaa AY, Abdassah M (2024) Development of serum with 4-n-butylresorsinol in the transetosomes vesicular system. Int J App Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22159\/ijap.2024v16i1.49328","journal-title":"Int J App Pharm"},{"key":"5896_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06909.x","volume":"154","author":"F Sampogna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sampogna F, Chren MM, Melchi CF, Pasquini P, Tabolli S, Abeni D (2006) Age, gender, quality of life and psychological distress in patients hospitalized with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 154:325\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06909.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"5896_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.20450\/mjcce.2008.235","volume":"27","author":"I Savi\u0107","year":"2008","unstructured":"Savi\u0107 I, Nikoli\u0107 G, Bankovi\u0107 V (2008) Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for phenylephrine hydrochloride estimation in nasal drops formulations. Maced J Chem Chem Eng 27:149\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20450\/mjcce.2008.235","journal-title":"Maced J Chem Chem Eng"},{"key":"5896_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-03035-x","volume":"26","author":"R Seenivasan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seenivasan R, Halagali P, Nayak D, Tippavajhala VK (2025) Transethosomes: a comprehensive review of ultra-deformable vesicular systems for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 26:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03035-x","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"5896_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-024-13392-1","volume":"149","author":"RC Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva RC, Trevisan MG, Garcia JS (2024) Characterization and drug-excipient compatibility study of bromopride by DSC, FTIR and HPLC. J Therm Anal Calorim 149:9333\u20139342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-024-13392-1","journal-title":"J Therm Anal Calorim"},{"key":"5896_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.12.004","volume":"92","author":"CK Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song CK, Balakrishnan P, Shim C-K, Chung S-J, Chong S, Kim D-D (2012) A novel vesicular carrier, transethosome, for enhanced skin delivery of voriconazole: characterization and in vitro\/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 92:299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.12.004","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"5896_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2010.507880","volume":"28","author":"Y-K Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song Y-K, Hyun SY, Kim H-T, Kim C-K, Oh J-M (2011) Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin loaded in flexible liposomes with bioavailability enhancement: comparison with ethosomes. J Microencapsul 28:151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02652048.2010.507880","journal-title":"J Microencapsul"},{"key":"5896_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121226","volume":"610","author":"K Sudhakar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sudhakar K, Mishra V, Jain S, Rompicherla NC, Malviya N, Tambuwala MM (2021) Development and evaluation of the effect of ethanol and surfactant in vesicular carriers on Lamivudine permeation through the skin. Int J Pharm 610:121226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121226","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"5896_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802999","volume":"182","author":"L Van Der Fits","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Der Fits L, Mourits S, Voerman JS, Kant M, Boon L, Laman JD et al (2009) Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice is mediated via the IL-23\/IL-17 axis. J Immunol 182:5836\u20135845","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5896_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4103\/0110-5558.72415","volume":"1","author":"P Verma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verma P, Pathak K (2010) Therapeutic and cosmeceutical potential of ethosomes: an overview. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 1:274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0110-5558.72415","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"5896_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2174\/2211738506666180813122102","volume":"6","author":"S Verma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verma S, Utreja P (2018) Transethosomes of econazole nitrate for transdermal delivery: development, in-vitro characterization, and ex-vivo assessment. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 6:171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2211738506666180813122102","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology"},{"key":"5896_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110631","volume":"149","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Huang X, Jing H, Ma C, Wang H (2021) Bilosomes as effective delivery systems to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Food Res Int 149:110631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110631","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5896_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1308822","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Dong S, Ma Y, Mou Y (2019) Burden of psoriasis in young adults worldwide from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Endocrinol 15:1308822","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5896_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01075-7","volume":"21","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Hu Y, Liu L, Liu L, Chen H, Huang D et al (2023) IL-33-mediated activation of mast cells is involved in the progression of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Cell Commun Signal 21:52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01075-7","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"}],"container-title":["Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:03:12Z","timestamp":1789394592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["5896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-026-05896-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-1298","1432-1912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-1298","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1912","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have given their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Approval No. PRCOP\/CCSEA\/IEAC\/2024\/18A) and the studies were carried as per the Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals guidelines.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Research involving humans and animals statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}