{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T07:38:08Z","timestamp":1770968288048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]],"date-time":"2004-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,27]],"date-time":"2004-04-27T14:24:35Z","timestamp":1083075875000},"page":"374-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuroendocrinological and neuropsychological correlates of dopaminergic function in nicotine dependence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Smolka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Karow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz G.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02897.x","volume":"92","author":"al","year":"1997","unstructured":"al Adawi S, Powell J (1997) The influence of smoking on reward responsiveness and cognitive functions: a natural experiment. Addiction 92:1773?1782","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(95)00078-X","volume":"19","author":"Allan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allan LM, Williams JH, Wellman NA, Tonin J, Taylor E, Feldon J, Rawlins JNP (1995) Effects of tobacco smoking, schizotypy and number of pre-exposures on latent inhibition in healthy subjects. Person Individ Diff 19:893?902","journal-title":"Person Individ Diff"},{"key":"CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-8206.2003.00152.x","volume":"17","author":"Aymard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aymard G, Berlin I, de Brettes B, Diquet B (2003) Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of apomorphine?s effect on growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 17:473?481","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00537-6","volume":"59","author":"Balfour","year":"1998","unstructured":"Balfour DJ, Benwell ME, Birrell CE, Kelly RJ, Al Aloul M (1998) Sensitization of the mesoaccumbens dopamine response to nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:1021?1030","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)80008-3","volume":"32","author":"Balldin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Balldin J, Berggren U, Lindstedt G, Sundkler A (1993) Further neuroendocrine evidence for reduced D2 dopamine receptor function in alcoholism. Drug Alcohol Depend 32:159?162","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1730","volume":"123","author":"Batra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Batra V, Patkar AA, Berrettini WH, Weinstein SP, Leone FT (2003) The genetic determinants of smoking. Chest 123:1730?1739","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(68)90038-9","volume":"6","author":"Benton","year":"1968","unstructured":"Benton AL (1968) Differential behavioral effects in frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia 6:63?80","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200210153830","volume":"4","author":"Caskey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Caskey NH, Jarvik ME, Wirshing WC, Madsen DC, Iwamoto-Schaap PN, Eisenberger NI, Huerta L, Terrace SM, Olmstead RE (2002) Modulating tobacco smoking rates by dopaminergic stimulation and blockade. Nicotine Tob Res 4:259?266","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1098","volume":"42","author":"Dagher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dagher A, Bleicher C, Aston JA, Gunn RN, Clarke PB, Cumming P (2001) Reduced dopamine D1 receptor binding in the ventral striatum of cigarette smokers. Synapse 42:48?53","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245105","volume":"117","author":"Dawe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dawe S, Gerada C, Russell MA, Gray JA (1995) Nicotine intake in smokers increases following a single dose of haloperidol. Psychopharmacology 117:110?115","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"CR11","unstructured":"DiChiara G, Gessa GL (1978) Pharmacology and neurochemistry of apomorphine. Academic, New York, pp 87?143"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00372-6","volume":"375","author":"Di","year":"1999","unstructured":"Di Chiara G (1999) Drug addiction as dopamine-dependent associative learning disorder. Eur J Pharmacol 375:13?30","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/30001","volume":"393","author":"Epping-Jordan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Epping-Jordan MP, Watkins SS, Koob GF, Markou A (1998) Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal. Nature 393:76?79","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245709","volume":"71","author":"Fabbrini","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fabbrini G, Braun A, Mouradian MM, Tamminga CA, Chase TN (1988) Dopamine D-1 receptor agonist stimulation of prolactin secretion in man. J Neural Transm 71:159?163","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/379733a0","volume":"379","author":"Fowler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, MacGregor R, Alexoff D, Shea C, Schlyer D, Wolf AP, Warner D, Zezulkova I, Cilento R (1996a) Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B in the brains of smokers. Nature 379:733?736","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14065","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14065","volume":"93","author":"Fowler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, Shea C, Alexoff D, MacGregor RR, Schlyer DJ, Zezulkova I, Wolf AP (1996b) Brain monoamine oxidase A inhibition in cigarette smokers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:14065?14069","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.11.1864","volume":"157","author":"Fowler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fowler JS, Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Franceschi D, Logan J, Pappas N, Shea C, MacGregor RR, Garza V (2000) Maintenance of brain monoamine oxidase B inhibition in smokers after overnight cigarette abstinence. Am J Psychiatry 157:1864?1866","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)02063-2","volume":"53","author":"Fung","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fung YK, Schmid MJ, Anderson TM, Lau YS (1996) Effects of nicotine withdrawal on central dopaminergic systems. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53:635?640","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstr\u00f6m KO (1991) The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict 86:1119?1127","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830120061011","volume":"53","author":"Heinz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Heinz A, Dufeu P, Kuhn S, Dettling M, Graf K, Kurten I, Rommelspacher H, Schmidt LG (1996) Psychopathological and behavioral correlates of dopaminergic sensitivity in alcohol-dependent patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:1123?1128","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR21","first-page":"25","volume":"2","author":"Heinz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heinz A, Ragan P, Shoaf S, Linnoila M, Hommer D (2000) Erh\u00f6hter Dopaminumsatz bei rauchenden Alkoholabh\u00e4ngigen und Kontrollpersonen. Suchtmed Forsch Prax 2:25?29","journal-title":"Suchtmed Forsch Prax"},{"key":"CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93690712.x","volume":"93","author":"Heishman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heishman SJ (1998) What aspects of human performance are truly enhanced by nicotine? Addiction 93:317?320","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01135-9","volume":"779","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hildebrand BE, Nomikos GG, Hertel P, Schilstrom B, Svensson TH (1998) Reduced dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens but not in the medial prefrontal cortex in rats displaying a mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Brain Res 779:214?225","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050974","volume":"144","author":"Houlihan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Houlihan ME, Pritchard WS, Robinson JH (1999) A double blind study of the effects of smoking on heart rate: is there tachyphylaxis? Psychopharmacology 144:38?44","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.5.689","volume":"60","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes JR (1992) Tobacco withdrawal in self-quitters. J Consult Clin Psychol 60:689?697","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03744.x","volume":"89","author":"Hughes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hughes JR, Higgins ST, Bickel WK (1994) Nicotine withdrawal versus other drug withdrawal syndromes: similarities and dissimilarities. Addiction 89:1461?1470","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.95811734.x","volume":"95","author":"Jarvik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jarvik ME, Caskey NH, Wirshing WC, Madsen DC, Iwamoto-Schaap PN, Elins JL, Eisenberger NI, Olmstead RE (2000) Bromocriptine reduces cigarette smoking. Addiction 95:1173?1183","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400903","volume":"340","author":"Jorenby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, Rennard SI, Johnston JA, Hughes AR, Smith SS, Muramoto ML, Daughton DM, Doan K, Fiore MC, Baker TB (1999) A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 340:685?691","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03306.2002","volume":"22","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kelley AE, Berridge KC (2002) The neuroscience of natural rewards: relevance to addictive drugs. J Neurosci 22:3306?3311","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06682.x","volume":"909","author":"Koob","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koob GF (2000) Neurobiology of addiction. Toward the development of new therapies. Ann NY Acad Sci 909:170?185","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.52","volume":"278","author":"Koob","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M (1997) Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278:52?58","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(88)90033-4","volume":"12","author":"Lal","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lal S (1988) Apomorphine in the evaluation of dopaminergic function in man. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 12:117?164","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(90)90069-H","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lee MA, Bowers MM, Nash JF, Meltzer HY (1990) Neuroendocrine measures of dopaminergic function in chronic cocaine users. Psychiatry Res 33:151?159","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10148","volume":"53","author":"Mansvelder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mansvelder HD, McGehee DS (2002) Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction. J Neurobiol 53:606?617","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100751","volume":"139","author":"Martin-S\u00f6lch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin-S\u00f6lch C, Magyar S, Kunig G, Missimer J, Schultz W, Leenders KL (2001) Changes in brain activation associated with reward processing in smokers and nonsmokers. A positron emission tomography study. Exp Brain Res 139:278?286","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246063","volume":"119","author":"McEvoy","year":"1995","unstructured":"McEvoy JP, Freudenreich O, Levin ED, Rose JE (1995) Haloperidol increases smoking in patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 119:124?126","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210220139550","volume":"7","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murphy MF, Hey K, Johnstone E, Munafo M, Walton R, Willis B, Harrison PJ (2002) Bromocriptine use is associated with decreased smoking rates. Addict Biol 7:325?328","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"CR38","first-page":"A122","volume":"49","author":"Nakamura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakamura H, Tanaka A, Nomoto Y, Ueno Y, Nakayama Y (2000) Activation of fronto-limbic system in the human brain by cigarette smoking: evaluated by a CBF measurement. Keio J Med 49:A122?A124","journal-title":"Keio J Med"},{"key":"CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890160105","volume":"16","author":"Nisell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nisell M, Nomikos GG, Svensson TH (1994) Systemic nicotine-induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens is regulated by nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area. Synapse 16:36?44","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/382255a0","volume":"382","author":"Pontieri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pontieri FE, Tanda G, Orzi F, Di Chiara G (1996) Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs. Nature 382:255?257","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01208-2","volume":"51","author":"Powell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Powell J, Dawkins L, Davis RE (2002) Smoking, reward responsiveness, and response inhibition: tests of an incentive motivational model. Biol Psychiatry 51:151?163","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9611038.x","volume":"96","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robinson TE, Berridge KC (2001) Incentive-sensitization and addiction. Addiction 96:103?114","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01452-8","volume":"441","author":"Rommelspacher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rommelspacher H, Meier-Henco M, Smolka M, Kloft C (2002) The levels of norharman are high enough after smoking to affect monoamineoxidase B in platelets. Eur J Pharmacol 441:115?125","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.323","volume":"160","author":"Rose","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, Mathew RJ, London ED, Hawk TC, Turkington TG, Coleman RE (2003) PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers. Am J Psychiatry 160:323?333","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb01013.x","volume":"49","author":"Rowell","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rowell PP, Carr LA, Garner AC (1987) Stimulation of [3H]dopamine release by nicotine in rat nucleus accumbens. J Neurochem 49:1449?1454","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.632","volume":"157","author":"Salokangas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salokangas RK, Vilkman H, Ilonen T, Taiminen T, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Alanen A, Syvalahti E, Hietala J (2000) High levels of dopamine activity in the basal ganglia of cigarette smokers. Am J Psychiatry 157:632?634","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145702003188","volume":"6","author":"Schilstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schilstr\u00f6m B, Rawal N, Mameli-Engvall M, Nomikos GG, Svensson TH (2003) Dual effects of nicotine on dopamine neurons mediated by different nicotinic receptor subtypes. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6:1?11","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15184","volume":"34","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schmidt K, Nolte-Zenker B, Patzer J, Bauer M, Schmidt LG, Heinz A (2001) Psychopathological correlates of reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in depression, schizophrenia, and opiate and alcohol dependence. Pharmacopsychiatry 34:66?72","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00017-7","volume":"24","author":"Smolka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smolka M, Sander T, Schmidt LG, Samochowiec J, Rommelspacher H, Gscheidel N, Wendel B, Hoehe MR (1999) Mu-opioid receptor variants and dopaminergic sensitivity in alcohol withdrawal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24:629?638","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(89)90090-2","volume":"23","author":"Snyder","year":"1989","unstructured":"Snyder FR, Davis FC, Henningfield JE (1989) The tobacco withdrawal syndrome: performance decrements assessed on a computerized test battery. Drug Alcohol Depend 23:259?266","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01447-2","volume":"22","author":"Spanagel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spanagel R, Weiss F (1999) The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status. Trends Neurosci 22:521?527","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.8.1009","volume":"155","author":"Stein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stein EA, Pankiewicz J, Harsch HH, Cho JK, Fuller SA, Hoffmann RG, Hawkins M, Rao SM, Bandettini PA, Bloom AS (1998) Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain: a functional MRI study. Am J Psychiatry 155:1009?1015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.x","volume":"86","author":"Tiffany","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tiffany ST, Drobes DJ (1991) The development and initial validation of a questionnaire on smoking urges. Br J Addict 86:1467?1476","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(02)00087-2","volume":"116","author":"Volkow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Maynard L, Fowler JS, Jayne B, Telang F, Logan J, Ding YS, Gatley SJ, Hitzemann R, Wong C, Pappas N (2002) Effects of alcohol detoxification on dopamine D2 receptors in alcoholics: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 116:163?172","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1945.9917223","volume":"19","author":"Wechsler","year":"1945","unstructured":"Wechsler DA (1945) A standardized memory scale for clinical use. J Psychol 19:87?95","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"key":"CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01180-3","volume":"40","author":"Wiesbeck","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiesbeck GA, Mauerer C, Thome J, Jakob F, Boening J (1995) Alcohol dependence, family history, and D2 dopamine receptor function as neuroendocrinologically assessed with apomorphine. Drug Alcohol Depend 40:49?53","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00467-4","volume":"57","author":"Yeomans","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yeomans J, Baptista M (1997) Both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in ventral tegmental area contribute to brain-stimulation reward. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 57:915?921","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T20:01:16Z","timestamp":1558641676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-004-1824-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]]}}}