{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:56:55Z","timestamp":1791140215184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,16]],"date-time":"2005-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,15]],"date-time":"2005-07-15T11:56:52Z","timestamp":1121428612000},"page":"540-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The effects of chronic nicotine on spatial learning and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into the dentate gyrus of the rat"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Scerri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran C.","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J. K.","family":"Balfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"86_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03656.2002","volume":"22","author":"DN Abrous","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrous DN, Adriani W, Montaron MF, Aurousseau C, Rougon G, Le Moal M, Piazza PV (2002) Nicotine self-administration impairs hippocampal plasticity. J Neurosci 22:3656\u20133662","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1126\/science.135.3509.1127","volume":"135","author":"J Altman","year":"1962","unstructured":"Altman J (1962) Are new neurons formed in the brains of adult mammals? Science 135:1127\u20131128","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"86_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00081-5","volume":"67","author":"CM Attaway","year":"1999","unstructured":"Attaway CM, Compton DM, Turner MD (1999) The effects of nicotine on learning and memory: a neuropsychological assessment in young and senescent Fischer 344 rats. Physiol Behav 67:421\u2013431","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"86_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00202-3","volume":"113","author":"DJK Balfour","year":"2000","unstructured":"Balfour DJK, Wright AE, Benwell MEM, Birrell CE (2000) The putative role of extra-synaptic mesolimbic dopamine in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence. Behav Brain Res 113:73\u201383","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"86_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)00101-5","volume":"325","author":"MEM Benwell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK (1997) Regional variation in the effects of nicotine on catecholamine overflow in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 325:13\u201320","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"86_CR6","first-page":"233","volume":"72","author":"MEM Benwell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK, Khadra LF (1994) Studies on the influence of nicotine infusions on mesolimbic dopamine and locomotor responses to nicotine. Clin Invest 72:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"86_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13248.x","volume":"114","author":"MEM Benwell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benwell MEM, Balfour DJK, Birrell CE (1995) Desensitization of the nicotine-induced mesolimbic dopamine responses during constant infusion with nicotine. Br J Pharmacol 114:454\u2013460","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"86_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02647.x","volume":"17","author":"J Brown","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brown J, Cooper-Kuhn CM, Kempermann G, van Praag H, Winkler J, Gage FH, Kuhn HG (2003) Enriched environment and physical activity stimulate hippocampal but not olfactory bulb neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 17:2042\u20132046","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00040-4","volume":"26","author":"JP Changeux","year":"1998","unstructured":"Changeux JP, Bertrand D, Corringer PJ, Dehaene S, Edelstein S, Lena C, Le Novere N, Marubio L, Picciotto M, Zoli M (1998) Brain nicotinic receptors: structure and regulation, role in learning and reinforcement. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 26:198\u2013216","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"86_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00243-7","volume":"134","author":"CM Cooper-Kuhn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cooper-Kuhn CM, Kuhn HG (2002) Is it all DNA repair? Methodological considerations for detecting neurogenesis in the adult brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 134:13\u201321","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"86_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01536-1","volume":"714","author":"P Curzon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Curzon P, Brioni JD, Decker MW (1996) Effect of intraventricular injections of dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DH beta E) on spatial memory in the rat. Brain Res 714:185\u2013191","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"86_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90485-R","volume":"572","author":"MW Decker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Decker MW, Majchrzak MJ, Anderson DJ (1992) Effects of nicotine on spatial memory deficits in rats with septal lesions. Brain Res 572:281\u2013285","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"86_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001419","volume":"8","author":"MD Dobrossy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dobrossy MD, Drapeau E, Aurousseau C, Le Moal M, Piazza PV, Abrous DN (2003) Differential effects of learning on neurogenesis: learning increases or decreases the number of newly born cells depending on their birth date. Mol Psychiatry 8:974\u2013982","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"86_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.104.5.655","volume":"104","author":"SB Dunnett","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dunnett SB, Martel FL (1990) Proactive interference effects on short-term memory in rats: I. Basic parameters and drug effects. Behav Neurosci 104:655\u2013665","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/3305","volume":"4","author":"PS Eriksson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, Gage FH (1998) Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 4:1313\u20131317","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"86_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.112.6.1423","volume":"112","author":"SE File","year":"1998","unstructured":"File SE, Kenny PJ, Ouagazzal AM (1998) Bimodal modulation by nicotine of anxiety in the social interaction test: role of the dorsal hippocampus. Behav Neurosci 112:1423\u20131429","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00198-2","volume":"66","author":"SE File","year":"2000","unstructured":"File SE, Kenny PJ, Cheeta S (2000) The role of the dorsal hippocampal serotonergic and cholinergic systems in the modulation of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66:65\u201372","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"86_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02492.1997","volume":"17","author":"E Gould","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gould E, McEwen BS, Tanapat P, Galea LA, Fuchs E (1997) Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation. J Neurosci 17:2492\u20132498","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/6365","volume":"2","author":"E Gould","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gould E, Beylin A, Tanapat P, Reeves A, Shors TJ (1999) Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. Nat Neurosci 2:260\u2013265","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451686","volume":"98","author":"JJ Hagan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hagan JJ, Jansen JH, Broekkamp CL (1989) Hemicholinium-3 impairs spatial learning and the deficit is reversed by cholinomimetics. Psychopharmacology 98:347\u2013356","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"86_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1005-6","volume":"162","author":"B Hahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hahn B, Shoaib M, Stolerman IP (2002) Nicotine-induced enhancement of attention in the five-choice serial reaction time task: the influence of task demands. Psychopharmacology 162:129\u2013137","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"86_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1080\/14622299050011971","volume":"1","author":"SJ Heishman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heishman SJ (1999) Behavioral and cognitive effects of smoking: relationship to nicotine addiction. Nicotine Tob Res 1(Suppl 2):S143\u2013S147","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"86_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.2.285","volume":"110","author":"LF Jacobs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacobs LF, Schenk F (2003) Unpacking the cognitive map: the parallel map theory of hippocampal function. Psychol Rev 110:285\u2013315","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"86_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10151","volume":"53","author":"ED Levin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levin ED (2002) Nicotinic receptor subtypes and cognitive function. J Neurobiol 53:633\u2013640","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"86_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00885-7","volume":"393","author":"ED Levin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levin ED, Rezvani AH (2000) Development of nicotinic drug therapy for cognitive disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 393:141\u2013146","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"86_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007023339102","volume":"1","author":"ED Levin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levin ED, Rezvani AH (2002) Nicotinic treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 1:423\u2013431","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord"},{"key":"86_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050667","volume":"138","author":"ED Levin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levin ED, Simon BB (1998) Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals. Psychopharmacology 138:217\u2013230","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"86_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246285","volume":"123","author":"ED Levin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levin ED, Torry D (1996) Acute and chronic nicotine effects on working memory in aged rats. Psychopharmacology 123:88\u201397","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"86_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00228-6","volume":"47","author":"TM Madsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Madsen TM, Treschow A, Bengzon J, Bolwig TG, Lindvall O, Tingstrom A (2000) Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy. Biol Psychiatry 47:1043\u20131049","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"86_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9104","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09104.2000","volume":"20","author":"JE Malberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malberg JE, Eisch AJ, Nestler EJ, Duman RS (2000) Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 20:9104\u20139110","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9822","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403361101","volume":"101","author":"N Mechawar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mechawar N, Saghatelyan A, Grailhe R, Scoriels L, Gheusi G, Gabellec MM, Lledo PM, Changeux JP (2004) Nicotinic receptors regulate the survival of newborn neurons in the adult olfactory bulb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:9822\u20139826","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"86_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(84)90007-4","volume":"11","author":"R Morris","year":"1984","unstructured":"Morris R (1984) Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 11:47\u201360","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"86_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/297681a0","volume":"297","author":"RGM Morris","year":"1982","unstructured":"Morris RGM, Garrud P, Rawlins JNP, O'Keefe J (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 297:681\u2013683","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"86_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10102","volume":"53","author":"MR Picciotto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Picciotto MR, Zoli M (2002) Nicotinic receptors in aging and dementia. J Neurobiol 53:641\u2013655","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"86_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/37120","volume":"390","author":"VI Pidoplichko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pidoplichko VI, DeBiasi M, Williams JT, Dani JA (1997) Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons. Nature 390:401\u2013404","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"86_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01094-5","volume":"49","author":"AH Rezvani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rezvani AH, Levin ED (2001) Cognitive effects of nicotine. Biol Psychiatry 49:258\u2013267","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"86_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.994","volume":"93","author":"M Richards","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richards M, Jarvis MJ, Thompson N, Wadsworth ME (2003) Cigarette smoking and cognitive decline in midlife: evidence from a prospective birth cohort study. Am J Public Health 93:994\u2013998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"86_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083328","volume":"301","author":"L Santarelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Santarelli L, Saxe M, Gross C, Surget A, Battaglia F, Dulawa S, Weisstaub N, Lee J, Duman R, Arancio O, Belzung C, Hen R (2003) Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science 301:805\u2013809","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"86_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/35066584","volume":"410","author":"TJ Shors","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shors TJ, Miesegaes G, Beylin A, Zhao M, Rydel T, Gould E (2001) Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature 410:372\u2013376","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"86_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERE.0000035814.45494.15","volume":"29","author":"S Singer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singer S, Rossi S, Verzosa S, Hashim A, Lonow R, Cooper T, Sershen H, Lajtha A (2004) Nicotine-induced changes in neurotransmitter levels in brain areas associated with cognitive function. Neurochem Res 29:1779\u20131792","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"86_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)00091-R","volume":"16","author":"DJ Socci","year":"1995","unstructured":"Socci DJ, Sanberg PR, Arendash GW (1995) Nicotine enhances Morris water maze performance of young and aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 16:857\u2013860","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"86_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3109\/00498257509056125","volume":"5","author":"DM Turner","year":"1975","unstructured":"Turner DM (1975) Influence of route of administration on metabolism of [14C]nicotine in four species. Xenobiotica 5:553\u2013561","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"86_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/6368","volume":"2","author":"H Praag van","year":"1999","unstructured":"van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH (1999) Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 2:266\u2013270","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"86_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000118998","volume":"28","author":"DM Warburton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Warburton DM, Rusted JM (1993) Cholinergic control of cognitive resources. Neuropsychobiology 28:43\u201346","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T12:31:05Z","timestamp":1558614665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["86"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-005-0086-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,16]]}}}