{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:22:37Z","timestamp":1770016957295,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T11:15:06Z","timestamp":1143803706000},"page":"246-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Separable noradrenergic and dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in rats: implications for predictive validity and Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Neal R.","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele J.","family":"Bongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tochen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody M.","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1089\/104454604773840562","volume":"14","author":"MT Acosta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Acosta MT, Castellanos FX (2004) Use of the \u201cinverse neuroleptic\u201d metoclopramide in Tourette syndrome: an open case series. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 14:123\u2013128","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000076181.39162.FC","volume":"61","author":"RL Albin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albin RL, Koeppe RA, Bohnen NI, Nichols TE, Meyer P, Wernette K, Minoshima S, Kilbourn MR, Frey KA (2003) Increased ventral striatal monoaminergic innervation in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 61:310\u2013315","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"374_CR3","unstructured":"Alsene KM, Connors EE, Bakshi VP (2005) Microinfusion of norepinephrine into the nucleus accumbens disrupts prepulse inhibition. Abstr Soc Neurosci 557.14"},{"key":"374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000123111.00324.BF","volume":"62","author":"MH Anca","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anca MH, Giladi N, Korczyn AD (2004) Ropinirole in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurology 62:1626\u20131627","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"374_CR5","first-page":"333","volume":"85","author":"AF Arnsten","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arnsten AF (2001) Modulation of prefrontal cortical\u2013striatal circuits: relevance to therapeutic treatments for Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Adv Neurol 85:333\u2013341","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"374_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1194::AID-MDS1019>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"15","author":"KJ Black","year":"2000","unstructured":"Black KJ, Mink JW (2000) Response to levodopa challenge in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 15:1194\u20131198","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780250029002","volume":"37","author":"J Bliss","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bliss J (1980) Sensory experiences of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:1343\u20131347","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.40.s1.14","volume":"40","author":"TD Blumenthal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blumenthal TD (2003) The impact of attention on pre-attentive processing. Psychophysiology 40:S15","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"374_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00019-7","volume":"32","author":"AH Bohmelt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bohmelt AH, Schell AM, Dawson ME (1999) Attentional modulation of short- and long-lead interval modification of the acoustic startle eyeblink response: comparing auditory and visual prestimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 32:239\u2013250","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"374_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00360-8","volume":"26","author":"J Borrelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borrelli J, Vela JM, Arevalo-Martin A, Molina-Holgado E, Guaza C (2002) Prenatal immune challenge disrupts sensorimotor gating in adult rats. Implications for the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 26:204\u2013215","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x","volume":"15","author":"D Braff","year":"1978","unstructured":"Braff D, Stone C, Callaway E, Geyer M, Glick I, Bali L (1978) Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology 15:339\u2013343","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100810","volume":"156","author":"DL Braff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Braff DL, Geyer MA, Swerdlow NR (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology 156:234\u2013258","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR13","first-page":"29","volume":"57","author":"RD Bruun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bruun RD, Budman CL (1996) Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 57:29\u201331","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0412","volume":"62","author":"CL Budman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Budman CL, Gayer A, Lesser M, Shi Q, Bruun RD (2001) An open-label study of the treatment efficacy of olanzapine for Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 62:290\u2013294","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00051-3","volume":"37","author":"BS Carasso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carasso BS, Bakshi VP, Geyer MA (1998) Disruption in prepulse inhibition after alpha-1 adrenoceptor stimulation in rats. Neuropharmacology 37:401\u2013404","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00101-8","volume":"39","author":"FX Castellanos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Castellanos FX, Fine EJ, Kaysen DL, Marsh WL, Rapoport JL, Hallett M (1996) Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette\u2019s Syndrome and ADHD: preliminary results. Biol Psychiatry 39:33\u201341","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR17","first-page":"319","volume":"5","author":"DJ Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen DJ, Leckman JF (1992) Sensory phenomena associated with Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 5:319\u2013323","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90237-2","volume":"49","author":"P Curzon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Curzon P, Kim DJ, Decker, MW (1994) Effect of nicotine, lobeline, and mecamylamine on sensory gating in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49:877\u2013882","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00006","volume":"22","author":"Y Dion","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dion Y, Annable L, Sandor P, Chouinard G (2002) Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90388-3","volume":"344","author":"SM Dursun","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dursun SM, Reveley MA, Bird R, Stirton F (1994) Longlasting improvement of Tourette\u2019s syndrome with transdermal nicotine. Lancet 344:1577","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02149-1","volume":"863","author":"JA Engel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Engel JA, Zhang J, Bergstrom T, Conradi N, Forkstam C, Liljeroth A, Svensson L (2000) Neonatal herpes simplex virus type 1 brain infection affects the development of sensorimotor gating in rats. Brain Res 863:233\u2013240","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"374_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200203000-00013","volume":"41","author":"GR Gaffney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaffney GR, Perry PJ, Lund BC, Bever-Stille KA, Arndt S, Kuperman S (2002) Risperidone versus clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:330\u2013336","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100811","volume":"156","author":"M Geyer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geyer M, Krebs-Thomson K, Braff D, Swerdlow NR (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 156:117\u2013154","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000044058.64647.7E","volume":"60","author":"DL Gilbert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilbert DL, Dure L, Sethuraman G, Raab D, Lane J, Sallee FR (2003) Tic reduction with pergolide in a randomized controlled trial in children. Neurology 60:606\u2013611","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"374_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050150049015","volume":"41","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Klawans HL (1984) Fluphenazine and multifocal tic disorders. Arch Neurol 41:271\u2013272","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"374_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.9.1233","volume":"55","author":"E Gomez-Wong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gomez-Wong E, Marti MJ, Tolosa E, Valls-Sole J (1998) Sensory modulation of the blink reflex in patients with blepharospasm. Arch Neurol 55:1233\u20131237","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01284.x","volume":"12","author":"F Graham","year":"1975","unstructured":"Graham F (1975) The more or less startling effects of weak prestimuli. Psychophysiology 12:238\u2013248","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"374_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00320-9","volume":"111","author":"JJ Hallett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hallett JJ, Harling-Berg CJ, Knopf PM, Stopa EG, Kiessling LS (2000) Anti-striatal antibodies in Tourette syndrome cause neuronal dysfunction. J Neuroimmunol 111:195\u2013202","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246184","volume":"120","author":"DC Hoffman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hoffman DC, Donovan H (1995) Catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting antipsychotic drugs with extrapyramidal side effect liability. Psychopharmacology 120:128\u2013133","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0887-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"KL Hoffman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoffman KL, Hornig M, Yaddanapudi K, Jabado O, Lipkin WI (2004) A murine model for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. J Neurosci 24:1780\u20131791","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.688","volume":"34","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Glaze DG, Frost JD (1984) Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Neurology 34:688\u2013692","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90008-6","volume":"643","author":"MH Kodsi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kodsi MH, Swerdlow NR (1994) Quinolinic acid lesions of the ventral striatum reduce sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in rats. Brain Res 643:59\u201365","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"374_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00482-5","volume":"231","author":"MH Kodsi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kodsi MH, Swerdlow NR (1997) Mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid produces startle reflex abnormalities and striatal damage in rats that model some features of Huntington\u2019s Disease. Neurosci Lett 231:1\u20135","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"374_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050109","volume":"128","author":"V Kumari","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kumari V, Checkley SA, Gray JA (1996) Effect of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in healthy male smokers. Psychopharmacology 128:54\u201360","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810280040006","volume":"48","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Hardin MT, Riddle MA, Stevenson J, Ort SI, Cohen DJ (1991) Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:324\u2013328","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98","volume":"150","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Walker DE, Cohen DJ (1993) Premonitory urges in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 150:98\u2013102","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246439","volume":"122","author":"BK Lipska","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lipska BK, Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA, Jaskiw GE, Braff DL, Weinberger DR (1995) Neonatal excitotoxic hippocampal damage in rats causes post-pubertal changes in prepulse inhibition of startle and its disruption by apomorphine. Psychopharmacology 122:35\u201343","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90315-Q","volume":"31","author":"BJ McConville","year":"1992","unstructured":"McConville BJ, Sanberg PR, Fogelson MH, King J, Cirino P, Parker KW, Norman AB (1992) The effects of nicotine plus haloperidol compared to nicotine only and placebo nicotine only in reducing tic severity and frequency in Tourette\u2019s disorder. Biol Psychiatry 31:832\u2013840","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR39","first-page":"102","volume":"34","author":"A McGhie","year":"1961","unstructured":"McGhie A, Chapman J (1961) Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 34:102\u2013116","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"374_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0213","volume":"61","author":"EC Miguel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miguel EC, de Rosario-Campos MC, Prado HS, do Valle R, Rauch SL, Coffey BJ, Baer L, Savage CR, O\u2019Sullivan RL, Jenike MA, Leckman JF (2000) Sensory phenomena in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 61:150\u2013156","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322572624","volume":"13","author":"NM Mukaddes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mukaddes NM, Abali O (2003) Quetiapine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 13:295\u2013299","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25028","volume":"35","author":"KR Muller-Vahl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Koblenz A, Jobges M, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM (2002) Treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 35:57\u201361","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600220","volume":"46","author":"HC Parraga","year":"2001","unstructured":"Parraga HC, Parraga MI (2001) Quetiapine treatment in patients with Tourette syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 46:184\u2013185","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.941","volume":"43","author":"B Peterson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peterson B, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ, Katz LD, Smith JC, Hardin MT, Leckman JF (1993) Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette\u2019s syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images. Neurology 43:941\u2013949","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"374_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1976-6","volume":"178","author":"B Pouzet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pouzet B, Andersen MP, Hogg S (2005) Effects of acute treatment with antidepressant drugs on sensorimotor gating deficits in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 178:9\u201316","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"374_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02553-7","volume":"906","author":"OL Pudovkina","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pudovkina OL, Kawahara Y, de Vries J, Westerink BH (2001) The release of noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus and prefrontal cortex studied with dual-probe microdialysis. Brain Res 906:38\u201345","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"374_CR47","first-page":"585","volume":"155","author":"M Ross","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ross M, Moldofsky H (1978) A comparison of pimozide and haloperidol in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 155:585\u2013589","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.1999.tb00065.x","volume":"12","author":"L Scahill","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scahill L, Barloon L, Farkas L (1999) Alpha-2 agonists in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 12:168\u2013173","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"374_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067","volume":"158","author":"L Scahill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Shepherd E, Arnsten AF, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF (2001) A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 158:1067\u20131074","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810080052006","volume":"46","author":"E Shapiro","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shapiro E, Shapiro AK, Fulop GK, Hubbard M, Mandeli J, Nordlie J, Phillips RA (1989) Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:722\u2013730","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00297.2003","volume":"23","author":"L Shi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shi L, Fatemi SH, Sidwell RW, Patterson PH (2003) Maternal influenza infection causes marked behavioral and pharmacological changes in the offspring. J Neurosci 23:297\u2013302","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"374_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.895","volume":"52","author":"SJ Smith","year":"1989","unstructured":"Smith SJ, Lees AJ (1989) Abnormalities of the blink reflex in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52:895\u2013898","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760180095012","volume":"31","author":"RD Sweet","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sweet RD, Bruun R, Shapiro E, Shapiro AK (1974) Presynaptic catecholamine antagonists as treatment for Tourette syndrome. Effects of alpha methyl para tyrosine and tetrabenazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:857\u2013861","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90005-3","volume":"21","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1986","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Geyer MA, Koob GF (1986) Central dopamine hyperactivity in rats mimics abnormal acoustic startle response in schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 21:23\u201333","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244063","volume":"101","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1990","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Masten VL, Geyer MA (1990a) Schizophrenic-like sensorimotor gating abnormalities in rats following dopamine infusion into the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology 101:414\u2013420","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91754-5","volume":"532","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1990","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1990b) GABAergic projection from nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum mediates dopamine-induced sensorimotor gating deficits of acoustic startle in rats. Brain Res 532:146\u2013150","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"374_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90300-3","volume":"33","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Benbow CH, Zisook S, Geyer MA, Braff DL (1993) A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 33:298\u2013301","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950020063007","volume":"51","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1994","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Taaid N, Geyer MA (1994) Assessing the validity of an animal model of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:139\u2013154","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.2.192","volume":"58","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Paulsen J, Braff DL, Butters N, Geyer MA, Swenson MR (1995a) Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic and tactile startle in patients with Huntington\u2019s Disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58:192\u2013200","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246438","volume":"122","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Lipska BK, Weinberger DR, Braff DL, Jaskiw GE, Geyer MA (1995b) Increased sensitivity to the sensorimotor gating-disruptive effects of apomorphine after lesions of medial prefrontal cortex or ventral hippocampus in adult rats. Psychopharmacology 122:27\u201334","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200006000-00002","volume":"111","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Geyer MA (2000) Animal models of deficient sensorimotor gating: what we know, what we think we know, and what we hope to know soon. Behav Pharmacol 111:185\u2013204","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"374_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100799","volume":"156","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA, Braff DL (2001a) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 156:194\u2013215","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01164-7","volume":"50","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Karban B, Ploum Y, Sharp R, Geyer MA, Eastvold A (2001b) Tactile pre puff inhibition of startle in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: In search of an \u201cfMRI friendly\u201d startle paradigm. Biol Psychiatry 50:578\u2013585","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"374_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100856","volume":"158","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Platten A, Shoemaker J, Pitcher L, Auerbach P (2001c) Effects of pergolide on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats. Psychopharmacology 158:230\u2013240","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1480-4","volume":"174","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Shoemaker JM, Auerbach PP, Pitcher L, Goins J, Platten A (2004a) Heritable differences in the dopaminergic regulation of sensorimotor gating: II. Temporal, pharmacologic and generational analyses of apomorphine effects on prepulse inhibition. Psychopharmacology 174:452\u2013462","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"374_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.11.008","volume":"77","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Shoemaker JM, Crain S, Goins J, Onozuka K, Auerbach PP (2004b) Sensitivity to drug effects on prepulse inhibition in inbred and outbred rat strains. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 77:291\u2013302","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"374_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Talledo JA, Nagy D, Sutherland AN, Shoemaker JM (2005) Antipsychotic effects on prepulse inhibition in normal \u201clow gating\u201d humans and rats. Neuropsychopharmacology DOI: 10.1038\/sj.npp.1301043","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301043"},{"key":"374_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1086\/302613","volume":"65","author":"The Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics","year":"1999","unstructured":"The Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics (1999) A complete genome screen in sib pairs affected by Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 65:1428\u20131436","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"374_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.05.010","volume":"50","author":"M Tohmi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tohmi M, Tsuda N, Watanabe Y, Kakita A, Nawa H (2004) Perinatal inflammatory cytokine challenge results in distinct neurobehavioral alterations in rats: implication in psychiatric disorders of developmental origin. Neurosci Res 50:67\u201375","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"374_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.02.014","volume":"115","author":"J Valls-Sole","year":"2004","unstructured":"Valls-Sole J, Munoz JE, Valldeoriola F (2004) Abnormalities of prepulse inhibition do not depend on blink reflex excitability: a study in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Huntington\u2019s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 115:1527\u20131536","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"374_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2003.12.001","volume":"48","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Hashimoto S, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Ko J, Mizuno M, Someya T, Patterson PH, Nawa H (2004) Neonatal impact of leukemia inhibitory factor on neurobehavioral development in rats. Neurosci Res 48:345\u2013353","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"374_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239309148967","volume":"5","author":"OM Wolkowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wolkowitz OM (1993) Rational polypharmacy in schizophrenia. Ann Clin Psychiatry 5:79\u201390","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T16:31:20Z","timestamp":1558629080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0374-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]}}}