{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:24:07Z","timestamp":1772763847071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]],"date-time":"2007-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]],"date-time":"2007-01-11T16:23:19Z","timestamp":1168532599000},"page":"951-959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cognitive, psychomotor and actual driving performance in healthy volunteers after immediate and extended release formulations of alprazolam 1\u00a0mg"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Tim R. M.","family":"Leufkens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Vermeeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beitske E.","family":"Smink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van Ruitenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Ramaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"669_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04087-2","volume":"352","author":"F Barbone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barbone F, McMahon AD, Davey PG, Morris AD, Reid IC, McDevitt DG, MacDonald TM (1998) Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use. Lancet 352:1331\u20131336","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"669_CR2","first-page":"1317","volume":"281","author":"RJ Bertz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bertz RJ, Kroboth PD, Kroboth FJ, Reynolds IJ, Salek F, Wright CE, Smith RB (1997) Alprazolam in young and elderly men: sensitivity and tolerance to psychomotor, sedative and memory effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281:1317\u20131329","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"669_CR3","unstructured":"Borkenstein RF (1974) The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents, the Grand Rapids study. Blutalkohol 11"},{"key":"669_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200012000-00008","volume":"20","author":"UE Busto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Busto UE, Kaplan HL, Wright CE, Gomez-Mancilla B, Zawertailo L, Greenblatt DJ, Seller EM (2000) A comparative pharmacokinetic and dynamic evaluation of alprazolam sustained-release, bromazepam, and lorazepam. J Clin Psychopharmacol 20:628\u2013635","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(86)90081-5","volume":"23","author":"HV Curran","year":"1986","unstructured":"Curran HV (1986) Tranquillising memories: a review of the effects of benzodiazepines on human memory. Biol Psychol 23:179\u2013213","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"669_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510110104","volume":"11","author":"MG Eller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Eller MG, Della-Coletta AA (1990) Absence of effect of food on alprazolam absorption from sustained release tablets. Biopharm Drug Dispos 11:31-37","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"669_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427897","volume":"86","author":"EH Ellinwood Jr","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ellinwood EH Jr, Heatherly DG, Nikaido AM, Bjornsson TD, Kilts C (1985) Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam and diazepam. Psychopharmacology 86:392\u2013399","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00062-5","volume":"67","author":"MT Fillmore","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fillmore MT, Rush CR, Hays L (2002) Acute effects of oral cocaine on inhibitory control of behavior in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend 67:157\u2013167","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"669_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03379.x","volume":"29","author":"JC Fleishaker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fleishaker JC, Phillips JP, Eller MG, Smith RB (1989) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam following single and multiple oral doses of a sustained-release formulation. J Clin Pharmacol 29:543\u2013549","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000182358.63457.48","volume":"13","author":"P Glue","year":"2006","unstructured":"Glue P, Fang A, Gandelman K, Klee B (2006) Pharmacokinetics of an extended release formulation of alprazolam (Xanax XR) in healthy normal adolescent and adult volunteers. Am J Ther 13:418\u2013422","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"669_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324060-00003","volume":"24","author":"DJ Greenblatt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Greenblatt DJ, Wright CE (1993) Clinical pharmacokinetics of alprazolam. Therapeutic implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 24:453\u2013471","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"669_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.158","volume":"44","author":"DJ Greenblatt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Dorsey C, Shader RI (1988) Comparative single-dose kinetics and dynamics of lorazepam, alprazolam, prazepam, and placebo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 44:326\u2013334","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"669_CR13","volume-title":"Guidelines on experimental studies undertaken to determine a medicinal drug\u2019s effect on driving or skills related to driving","author":"ICADTS","year":"1999","unstructured":"ICADTS (1999) Guidelines on experimental studies undertaken to determine a medicinal drug\u2019s effect on driving or skills related to driving. Bundes Anstalt fuer Strassenwesen (BASt), K\u00f6ln"},{"key":"669_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02089.x","volume":"58","author":"GK Isbister","year":"2004","unstructured":"Isbister GK, O\u2019Regan L, Sibbritt D, Whyte IM (2004) Alprazolam is relatively more toxic than other benzodiazepines in overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 58:88\u201395","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04433.x","volume":"38","author":"PD Kroboth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kroboth PD, Folan MM, Bauer KS, Tullock W, Wright CE, Sweeney JA (1998) Do alprazolam-induced changes in saccadic eye movement and psychomotor function follow the same time course? J Clin Pharmacol 38:337\u2013346","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR16","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language","author":"GD Logan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Logan GD (1994) On the ability to inhibit thought and action: a users\u2019 guide to the Stop Signal Paradigm. In: Dagenbach D, Carr TH (eds) Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language. Academic, San Diego, pp 189\u2013239"},{"key":"669_CR17","first-page":"183","volume":"86","author":"JW Louwerens","year":"1987","unstructured":"Louwerens JW, Gloerich ABM, de Vries G, Brookhuis KA, O\u2019Hanlon JF (1987) The relationship between drivers\u2019 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and actual driving performance during high speed travel. Alcohol Drugs Traffic Saf 86:183\u2013186","journal-title":"Alcohol Drugs Traffic Saf"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"669_CR18","first-page":"13","volume":"65","author":"G Moroz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moroz G (2004) High-potency benzodiazepines: recent clinical results. J Clin Psychiatry 65(Suppl 5):13\u201318","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"669_CR19","first-page":"185","volume":"5","author":"H Moskowitz","year":"1973","unstructured":"Moskowitz H (1973) Laboratory studies of the effects of alcohol on some variables related to driving. J Saf Res 5:185\u2013199","journal-title":"J Saf Res"},{"key":"669_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90162-0","volume":"57","author":"GK Mumford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mumford GK, Evans SM, Fleishaker JC, Griffiths RR (1995) Alprazolam absorption kinetics affects abuse liability. Clin Pharmacol Ther 57:356\u2013365","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"669_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00112-7","volume":"5","author":"CI Neutel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neutel CI (1995) Risk of traffic accidents injury after prescription for a benzodiazepine. Ann Epidemiol 5:239\u2013244","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"669_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1077(1998110)13:2+<S115::AID-HUP56>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"13","author":"I Neutel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neutel I (1998) Benzodiazepine-related traffic accidents in young and elderly drivers. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 13:S115\u2013S123","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"669_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121s","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02590.x","volume":"18","author":"JF O\u2019Hanlon","year":"1984","unstructured":"O\u2019Hanlon JF (1984) Driving performance under the influence of drugs: rationale for, and application of, a new test. Br J Clin Pharmacol 18(Suppl 1):121s\u2013129s","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01140.x","volume":"50","author":"JF O\u2019Hanlon","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Hanlon JF, Ramaekers JG (1995) Antihistamine effects on actual driving performance in a standard test: a summary of Dutch experience, 1989\u201394. Allergy 50:234\u2013242","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"669_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000119177","volume":"31","author":"JF O\u2019Hanlon","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Hanlon JF, Vermeeren A, Uiterwijk MM, van Veggel LM, Swijgman HF (1995) Anxiolytics\u2019 effects on the actual driving performance of patients and healthy volunteers in a standardized test. An integration of three studies. Neuropsychobiology 31:81\u201388","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"669_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0106","volume":"64","author":"JG Ramaekers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramaekers JG (2003) Antidepressants and driver impairment: empirical evidence from a standard on-the-road test. J Clin Psychiatry 64:20\u201329","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"669_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300894","volume":"31","author":"JG Ramaekers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC (2006) Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on behavioral measures of impulsivity: alone and in combination with alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1048\u20131055","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199906000-00003","volume":"19","author":"JG Ramaekers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ramaekers JG, Louwerens JW, Muntjewerff ND, Milius H, de Bie A, Rosenzweig P et al (1999) Psychomotor, cognitive, extrapyramidal, and affective functions of healthy volunteers during treatment with an atypical (amisulpride) and a classic (haloperidol) antipsychotic. J Clin Psychopharmacol 19:209\u2013221","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR29","volume-title":"L\u2019examen clinique en psychologie","author":"A Rey","year":"1964","unstructured":"Rey A (1964) L\u2019examen clinique en psychologie. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris"},{"key":"669_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.7.1599","volume":"5","author":"K Rickels","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rickels K (2004) Alprazolam extended-release in panic disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5:1599\u20131611","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"669_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-977X(94)00130-4","volume":"5","author":"HW Robbe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Robbe HW, O\u2019Hanlon JF (1995) Acute and subchronic effects of paroxetine 20 and 40\u00a0mg on actual driving, psychomotor performance and subjective assessments in healthy volunteers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5:35\u201342","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR32","unstructured":"RxList (2005) Top 200 prescriptions for 2005 by number of US prescriptions dispensed. http:\/\/www.rxlist.com\/top200.htm"},{"key":"669_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280132","volume":"42","author":"JM Scavone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scavone JM, Greenblatt DJ, Goddard JE, Friedman H, Harmatz JS, Shader RI (1992) The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sublingual and oral alprazolam in the post-prandial state. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 42:439\u2013443","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439595","volume":"93","author":"RW Smith","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smith RW, Kroboth PD (1987) Influence of dosing regime non alprazolam and metabolite serum concentrations and tolerance to sedative and psychomotor effects. Psychopharmacology 93:105\u2013112","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431449","volume":"84","author":"RB Smith","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smith RB, Kroboth PD, Vanderlugt JT, Phillips JP, Juhl RP (1984) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam after oral and iv administration. Psychopharmacology 84:452\u2013456","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00615963","volume":"29","author":"Z Subhan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Subhan Z, Harrison C, Hindmarch I (1986) Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 29:709\u2013712","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR37","first-page":"86","volume":"12","author":"MW Laar Van","year":"1991","unstructured":"Van Laar MW, Volkerts ER, Van Willigenburg APP (1991) Therapeutic effects and effects on actual driving performance of chronically administered buspirone and diazepam in anxious outpatients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 12:86\u201395","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"669_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418050-00003","volume":"18","author":"A Vermeeren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vermeeren A (2004) Residual effects of hypnotics: epidemiology and clinical implications. CNS Drugs 18:297\u2013328","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"669_CR39","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Medicamente im Strassenverkehr: Auftreten, Risiken Konsequenzen","author":"A Vermeeren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vermeeren A, De Gier JJ (1995) Methodological guidelines for experimental research in drugs and driving: accomplishments and future needs. In: Kr\u00fcger HP, Kohnen R, Schoch H (eds) Medicamente im Strassenverkehr: Auftreten, Risiken Konsequenzen. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 49\u201359"},{"key":"669_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245243","volume":"118","author":"A Vermeeren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vermeeren A, Jackson JL, Muntjewerff ND, Quint PJ, Harrison EM, O\u2019Hanlon JF (1995) Comparison of acute alprazolam (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0\u00a0mg) effects versus those of lorazepam 2\u00a0mg and placebo on memory in healthy volunteers using laboratory and telephone tests. Psychopharmacology 118:1\u20139","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR41","first-page":"224","volume":"25","author":"A Vermeeren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vermeeren A, Riedel WJ, van Boxtel CJ, Darwish M, Paty I, Patat A (2002) Differential residual effects of zaleplon and zopiclone on actual driving: a comparison with a low dose of alcohol. Sleep 25:224\u2013231","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"669_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61566-9","volume":"92","author":"JC Verster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verster JC, Volkerts ER (2004a) Antihistamines and driving ability: Evidence from on-the-road driving studies during normal traffic. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 92:294\u2013305","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"669_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x","volume":"10","author":"JC Verster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verster JC, Volkerts ER (2004b) Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature. CNS Drug Rev 10:45\u201376","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev"},{"key":"669_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00310-X","volume":"27","author":"JC Verster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verster JC, Volkerts ER, Verbaten MN (2002) Effects of alprazolam on driving ability, memory functioning and psychomotor performance: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychopharmacology 27:260\u2013269","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"669_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2174\/1573400054065613","volume":"1","author":"JC Verster","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verster JC, Veldhuijzen DS, Volkerts ER (2005) Is it safe to drive a car when treated with anxiolytics? Evidence from on-the-road driving studies during normal traffic. Curr Psychiatry Rev 1:215\u2013225","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rev"},{"key":"669_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02570505","volume":"47","author":"EF Vuurman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vuurman EF, Uiterwijk MM, Rosenzweig P, O\u2019Hanlon JF (1994) Effects of mizolastine and clemastine on actual driving and psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 47:253\u2013259","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T01:50:10Z","timestamp":1707529810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0669-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,12]]}}}