{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:30:30Z","timestamp":1791142230865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]],"date-time":"2012-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:55:46Z","timestamp":1333068946000},"page":"75-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The effect of intermittent alcohol vapor or pulsatile heroin on somatic and negative affective indices during spontaneous withdrawal in Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa S.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Neira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Nealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cole E.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina D.","family":"Kloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Bilimoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan M.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2691_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00133-5","volume":"22","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmed SH, Walker JR, Koob GF (2000) Persistent increase in the motivation to take heroin in rats with a history of drug escalation. Neuropsychopharmacology 22:413\u2013421","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.12.008","volume":"135","author":"MR Azar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azar MR, Ahmed SH, Lintz R, Gutierrez T, Stinus L, Koob GF (2004) A non-invasive gating device for continuous drug delivery that allows control over the timing and duration of spontaneous opiate withdrawal. J Neurosci Methods 135:129\u2013135","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2691_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.1.33","volume":"111","author":"TB Baker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baker TB, Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Majeskie MR, Fiore MC (2004) Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol Rev 111:33\u201351","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2691_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00596-0","volume":"60","author":"GA Barr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barr GA, Zmitrovich A, Hamowy AS, Liu PY, Wang S, Hutchings DE (1998) Neonatal withdrawal following pre- and postnatal exposure to methadone in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60:97\u2013104","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2005.00029.x","volume":"11","author":"RL Bell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bell RL, Rodd ZA, Lumeng L, Murphy JM, McBride WJ (2006) The alcohol-preferring P rat and animal models of excessive alcohol drinking. Addict Biol 11:270\u2013288","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2691_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01075.x","volume":"12","author":"HG Birnbaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Birnbaum HG, White AG, Schiller M, Waldman T, Cleveland JM, Roland CL (2011) Societal costs of prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse in the United States. Pain Med 12:657\u2013667","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2691_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428791","volume":"33","author":"J Blasig","year":"1973","unstructured":"Blasig J, Herz A, Reinhold K, Zieglgansberger S (1973) Development of physical dependence on morphine in respect to time and dosage and quantification of the precipitated withdrawal syndrome in rats. Psychopharmacologia 33:19\u201338","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"2691_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300706","volume":"30","author":"GR Breese","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breese GR, Overstreet DH, Knapp DJ, Navarro M (2005) Prior multiple ethanol withdrawals enhance stress-induced anxiety-like behavior: inhibition by CRF1- and benzodiazepine-receptor antagonists and a 5-HT1a-receptor agonist. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:1662\u20131669","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1988.49.412","volume":"49","author":"SA Brown","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown SA, Schuckit MA (1988) Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 49:412\u2013417","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"2691_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100685","volume":"155","author":"J Burgdorf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burgdorf J, Knutson B, Panksepp J, Shippenberg TS (2001) Evaluation of rat ultrasonic vocalizations as predictors of the conditioned aversive effects of drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 155:35\u201342","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.06.014","volume":"62","author":"E Chartoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chartoff E, Sawyer A, Rachlin A, Potter D, Pliakas A, Carlezon WA (2012) Blockade of kappa opioid receptors attenuates the development of depressive-like behaviors induced by cocaine withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology 62:167\u2013176","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301008","volume":"31","author":"SA Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen SA, O'Dell LE, Hoefer ME, Greenwell TN, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF (2006) Unlimited access to heroin self-administration: independent motivational markers of opiate dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:2692\u20132707","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR13","first-page":"36","volume":"27","author":"J Cochin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cochin J, Miller JM, Rosow CE, Grell R, Poulsen JL (1979) The influence of the mode of morphine administration on tolerance and dependence. NIDA Res Monogr 27:36\u201347","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"key":"2691_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506999102","volume":"102","author":"A Contarino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Contarino A, Papaleo F (2005) The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 pathway mediates the negative affective states of opiate withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18649\u201318654","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2691_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02017-5","volume":"23","author":"JF Cryan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cryan JF, Markou A, Lucki I (2002) Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:238\u2013245","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2691_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0093-5","volume":"182","author":"JF Cryan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cryan JF, Page ME, Lucki I (2005a) Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 182:335\u2013344","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.008","volume":"29","author":"JF Cryan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cryan JF, Valentino RJ, Lucki I (2005b) Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:547\u2013569","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2691_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00164-1","volume":"64","author":"LL Devaud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Devaud LL, Matthews DB, Morrow AL (1999) Gender impacts behavioral and neurochemical adaptations in ethanol-dependent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64:841\u2013849","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(10)82001-1","volume":"82","author":"CH Duman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duman CH (2010) Models of depression. Vitam Horm 82:1\u201321","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"2691_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00508810","volume":"297","author":"M Fernandes","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fernandes M, Kluwe S, Coper H (1977) Quantitative assessment of tolerance to and dependence on morphine in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 297:53\u201360","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"2691_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31261-9","volume":"205","author":"VF Gellert","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gellert VF, Holtzman SG (1978) Development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and dependence in the rat by scheduled access to morphine drinking solutions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 205:536\u2013546","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2691_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.06.016","volume":"91","author":"B Getachew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Getachew B, Hauser SR, Taylor RE, Tizabi Y (2008) Desipramine blocks alcohol-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in two rat strains. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 91:97\u2013103","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.06.011","volume":"96","author":"B Getachew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Getachew B, Hauser SR, Taylor RE, Tizabi Y (2010) Alcohol-induced depressive-like behavior is associated with cortical norepinephrine reduction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 96:395\u2013401","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.021","volume":"69","author":"C Goeldner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goeldner C, Lutz PE, Darcq E, Halter T, Clesse D, Ouagazzal AM, Kieffer BL (2011) Impaired emotional-like behavior and serotonergic function during protracted abstinence from chronic morphine. Biol Psychiatry 69:236\u2013244","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2691_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01160-4","volume":"39","author":"BF Grant","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grant BF, Harford TC (1995) Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 39:197\u2013206","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2691_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00142.x","volume":"14","author":"TN Greenwell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenwell TN, Funk CK, Cottone P, Richardson HN, Chen SA, Rice KC, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF (2009) Corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor antagonists decrease heroin self-administration in long- but not short-access rats. Addict Biol 14:130\u2013143","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2691_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300037","volume":"28","author":"GC Harris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harris GC, Aston-Jones G (2003) Enhanced morphine preference following prolonged abstinence: association with increased Fos expression in the extended amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:292\u2013299","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47148-5_14","volume":"14","author":"HJ Harwood","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harwood HJ, Fountain D, Livermore G (1998) Economic costs of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Recent Dev Alcohol 14:307\u2013330","journal-title":"Recent Dev Alcohol"},{"key":"2691_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.9.794","volume":"59","author":"DS Hasin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hasin DS, Grant BF (2002) Major depression in 6050 former drinkers: association with past alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59:794\u2013800","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2691_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.09.056","volume":"626","author":"JL Hay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hay JL, Kaboutari J, White JM, Salem A, Irvine R (2010) Model of methadone-induced hyperalgesia in rats and effect of memantine. Eur J Pharmacol 626:229\u2013233","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2691_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.044206","volume":"304","author":"M Kalinichev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kalinichev M, Holtzman SG (2003) Changes in urination\/defecation, auditory startle response, and startle-induced ultrasonic vocalizations in rats undergoing morphine withdrawal: similarities and differences between acute and chronic dependence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304:603\u2013609","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2691_CR32","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Drug craving and drug use in the daily life of heroin addicts","author":"CD Kaplan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaplan CD (1992) In: de Vries MW (ed) Drug craving and drug use in the daily life of heroin addicts. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 193\u2013218"},{"key":"2691_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.11.001","volume":"28","author":"CL Kliethermes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kliethermes CL (2005) Anxiety-like behaviors following chronic ethanol exposure. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:837\u2013850","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2691_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(95)00044-5","volume":"62","author":"DJ Knapp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Knapp DJ, Pohorecky LA (1995) An air-puff stimulus method for elicitation of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. J Neurosci Methods 62:1\u20135","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2691_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04443.x","volume":"21","author":"DJ Knapp","year":"1997","unstructured":"Knapp DJ, Kampov-Polevoy AB, Overstreet DH, Breese GR, Rezvani AH (1997) Ultrasonic vocalization behavior differs between lines of ethanol-preferring and nonpreferring rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21:1232\u20131240","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR36","first-page":"481","volume":"22","author":"DJ Knapp","year":"1998","unstructured":"Knapp DJ, Duncan GE, Crews FT, Breese GR (1998) Induction of Fos-like proteins and ultrasonic vocalizations during ethanol withdrawal: further evidence for withdrawal-induced anxiety. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22:481\u2013493","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.6.961","volume":"128","author":"B Knutson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Knutson B, Burgdorf J, Panksepp J (2002) Ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states in rats. Psychol Bull 128:961\u2013977","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2691_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000057122.36127.C2","volume":"27","author":"GF Koob","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koob GF (2003) Alcoholism: allostasis and beyond. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:232\u2013243","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2691_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1216356","volume":"42","author":"GF Koob","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koob GF (2009) Dynamics of neuronal circuits in addiction: reward, antireward, and emotional memory. Pharmacopsychiatry 42(Suppl 1):S32\u2013S41","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"2691_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.52","volume":"278","author":"GF Koob","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M (1997) Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278:52\u201358","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2691_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0","volume":"24","author":"GF Koob","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M (2001) Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:97\u2013129","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07455","volume":"455","author":"V Krishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan V, Nestler EJ (2008) The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 455:894\u2013902","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2691_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0026-3","volume":"181","author":"MF Lopez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopez MF, Becker HC (2005) Effect of pattern and number of chronic ethanol exposures on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL\/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 181:688\u2013696","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000123059","volume":"31","author":"HJ Lynch","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lynch HJ, Rivest RW, Wurtman RJ (1980) Artificial induction of melatonin rhythms by programmed microinfusion. Neuroendocrinology 31:106\u2013111","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2691_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00113-9","volume":"18","author":"A Markou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Markou A, Kosten TR, Koob GF (1998) Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 18:135\u2013174","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/234223a0","volume":"234","author":"I Marshall","year":"1971","unstructured":"Marshall I, Weinstock M (1971) Quantitative method for assessing one symptom of the withdrawal syndrome in mice after chronic morphine administration. Nature 234:223\u2013224","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2691_CR47","first-page":"53","volume":"36","author":"I Matsumoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matsumoto I, Burke L, Inoue Y, Wilce PA (2001) Two models of ethanol withdrawal kindling. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi 36:53\u201364","journal-title":"Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2691_CR48","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2005) 2005 State estimates of substance use & mental health: substance dependence, abuse, and treatment need. SAMHSA, Rockville, MD"},{"key":"2691_CR49","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2010) Results from the 2009 national survey on drug use and health. In: Office of Applied Studies (ed) DHHS, Rockville, MD"},{"key":"2691_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02249333","volume":"114","author":"VA Molina","year":"1994","unstructured":"Molina VA, Heyser CJ, Spear LP (1994) Chronic variable stress or chronic morphine facilitates immobility in a forced swim test: reversal by naloxone. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 114:433\u2013440","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050303","volume":"131","author":"SS Moy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moy SS, Knapp DJ, Criswell HE, Breese GR (1997) Flumazenil blockade of anxiety following ethanol withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 131:354\u2013360","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000507","volume":"152","author":"SS Moy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moy SS, Knapp DJ, Duncan GE, Breese GR (2000) Enhanced ultrasonic vocalization and Fos protein expression following ethanol withdrawal: effects of flumazenil. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 152:208\u2013215","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050584","volume":"136","author":"NH Mutschler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mutschler NH, Miczek KA (1998) Withdrawal from a self-administered or non-contingent cocaine binge: differences in ultrasonic distress vocalizations in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 136:402\u2013408","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR54","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Research Council (1996) Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academy Press, Washington, DC"},{"key":"2691_CR55","volume-title":"Guidelines for the care and use of mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research","author":"National Research Council (US) Committee on Guidelines","year":"2003","unstructured":"National Research Council (US) Committee on Guidelines (2003) Guidelines for the care and use of mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research. National Academy Press, Washington, DC"},{"key":"2691_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.012","volume":"61","author":"KA Nealey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nealey KA, Smith AW, Davis SM, Smith DG, Walker BM (2011) kappa-opioid receptors are implicated in the increased potency of intra-accumbens nalmefene in ethanol-dependent rats. Neuropharmacology 61:35\u201342","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v13n03_02","volume":"13","author":"E Nunes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nunes E, Quitkin F, Brady R, Post-Koenig T (1994) Antidepressant treatment in methadone maintenance patients. J Addict Dis 13:13\u201324","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"2691_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900025803","volume":"11","author":"DJ Nutt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nutt DJ, Stein DJ (2006) Understanding the neurobiology of comorbidity in anxiety disorders. CNS Spectr 11:13\u201320","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"2691_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000145781.11923.4E","volume":"28","author":"LE O'Dell","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Dell LE, Roberts AJ, Smith RT, Koob GF (2004) Enhanced alcohol self-administration after intermittent versus continuous alcohol vapor exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28:1676\u20131682","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.04.018","volume":"78","author":"DH Overstreet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Overstreet DH, Knapp DJ, Breese GR (2004) Similar anxiety-like responses in male and female rats exposed to repeated withdrawals from ethanol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 78:459\u2013464","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38032-2","volume":"288","author":"SC Pandey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pandey SC, Zhang D, Mittal N, Nayyar D (1999) Potential role of the gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein in ethanol withdrawal-related anxiety. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288:866\u2013878","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2691_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000559","volume":"152","author":"NE Paterson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paterson NE, Myers C, Markou A (2000) Effects of repeated withdrawal from continuous amphetamine administration on brain reward function in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 152:440\u2013446","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90031-7","volume":"14","author":"S Pellow","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briley M (1985) Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 14:149\u2013167","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2691_CR64","first-page":"28","volume":"46","author":"CV Portfors","year":"2007","unstructured":"Portfors CV (2007) Types and functions of ultrasonic vocalizations in laboratory rats and mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 46:28\u201334","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"2691_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7","volume":"373","author":"J Rehm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J (2009) Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 373:2223\u20132233","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2691_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(79)92061-2","volume":"27","author":"J Rogers","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rogers J, Wiener SG, Bloom FE (1979) Long-term ethanol administration methods for rats: advantages of inhalation over intubation or liquid diets. Behav Neural Biol 27:466\u2013486","journal-title":"Behav Neural Biol"},{"key":"2691_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05120.x","volume":"10","author":"HH Samson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Samson HH (1986) Initiation of ethanol reinforcement using a sucrose-substitution procedure in food- and water-sated rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 10:436\u2013442","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.7.948","volume":"154","author":"MA Schuckit","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schuckit MA, Tipp JE, Bergman M, Reich W, Hesselbrock VM, Smith TL (1997) Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorders in 2,945 alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 154:948\u2013957","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2691_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.5880","volume":"92","author":"G Schulteis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schulteis G, Markou A, Cole M, Koob GF (1995) Decreased brain reward produced by ethanol withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5880\u20135884","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2691_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(98)00034-3","volume":"60","author":"G Schulteis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schulteis G, Yackey M, Risbrough V, Koob GF (1998) Anxiogenic-like effects of spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal in the elevated plus-maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60:727\u2013731","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.04.011","volume":"96","author":"AW Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith AW, Nealey KA, Wright JW, Walker BM (2011) Plasticity associated with escalated operant ethanol self-administration during acute withdrawal in ethanol-dependent rats requires intact matrix metalloproteinase systems. Neurobiol Learn Mem 96:199\u2013206","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"2691_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.05.023","volume":"202","author":"SC Steffensen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steffensen SC, Stobbs SH, Colago EE, Lee RS, Koob GF, Gallegos RA, Henriksen SJ (2006) Contingent and non-contingent effects of heroin on mu-opioid receptor-containing ventral tegmental area GABA neurons. Exp Neurol 202:139\u2013151","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2691_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02448.x","volume":"26","author":"GR Valdez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Valdez GR, Roberts AJ, Chan K, Davis H, Brennan M, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF (2002) Increased ethanol self-administration and anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal and protracted abstinence: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26:1494\u20131501","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3788.552","volume":"157","author":"ES Valenstein","year":"1967","unstructured":"Valenstein ES, Cox VC, Kakolewski JW (1967) Polydipsia elicited by the synergistic action of a saccharin and glucose solution. Science 157:552\u2013554","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2691_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.03.004","volume":"98","author":"LF Vendruscolo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vendruscolo LF, Schlosburg JE, Misra KK, Chen SA, Greenwell TN, Koob GF (2011) Escalation patterns of varying periods of heroin access. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 98:570\u2013574","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244177","volume":"104","author":"JA Vivian","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vivian JA, Miczek KA (1991) Ultrasounds during morphine withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 104:187\u2013193","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02247364","volume":"112","author":"JA Vivian","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vivian JA, Miczek KA (1993) Diazepam and gepirone selectively attenuate either 20\u201332 or 32\u201364\u00a0kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during aggressive encounters. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 112:66\u201373","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"2691_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker BM (2012) Conceptualizing withdrawal-induced escalation of alcohol self-administration as a learned, plasticity-dependent process. Alcohol (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2012.01.001"},{"key":"2691_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00259.x","volume":"31","author":"BM Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker BM, Koob GF (2007) The gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist baclofen attenuates responding for ethanol in ethanol-dependent rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:11\u201318","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2691_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301438","volume":"33","author":"BM Walker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker BM, Koob GF (2008) Pharmacological evidence for a motivational role of kappa-opioid systems in ethanol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:643\u2013652","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2691_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02288-X","volume":"854","author":"JR Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker JR, Ahmed SH, Gracy KN, Koob GF (2000) Microinjections of an opiate receptor antagonist into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis suppress heroin self-administration in dependent rats. Brain Res 854:85\u201392","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2691_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00094-7","volume":"75","author":"JR Walker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walker JR, Chen SA, Moffitt H, Inturrisi CE, Koob GF (2003) Chronic opioid exposure produces increased heroin self-administration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:349\u2013354","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2691_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2007.12.002","volume":"42","author":"BM Walker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker BM, Rasmussen DD, Raskind MA, Koob GF (2008) Alpha1-noradrenergic receptor antagonism blocks dependence-induced increases in responding for ethanol. Alcohol 42:91\u201397","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2691_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2010.06.006","volume":"44","author":"BM Walker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walker BM, Drimmer DA, Walker JL, Liu T, Mathe AA, Ehlers CL (2010) Effects of prolonged ethanol vapor exposure on forced swim behavior, and neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor levels in rat brains. Alcohol 44:487\u2013493","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"2691_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker BM, Valdez GR, McLaughlin JP, Bakalkin G (2012) Targeting Dynorphin\/Kappa Opioid Receptor Systems to Treat Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Alcohol (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2011.10.006"},{"key":"2691_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.08.004","volume":"35","author":"JS Wright","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wright JS, Panksepp J (2011) Toward affective circuit-based preclinical models of depression: sensitizing dorsal PAG arousal leads to sustained suppression of positive affect in rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:1902\u20131915","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2691_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00483.x","volume":"31","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Morse AC, Koob GF, Schulteis G (2007) Dose- and time-dependent expression of anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze during withdrawal from acute and repeated intermittent ethanol intoxication in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:1811\u20131819","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T11:28:57Z","timestamp":1742815737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-012-2691-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]]}}}