{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:14:25Z","timestamp":1783725265730,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,9]],"date-time":"2013-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T06:48:41Z","timestamp":1362725321000},"page":"309-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of three therapeutic doses of codeine\/paracetamol on driving performance, a psychomotor vigilance test, and subjective feelings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Jean-No\u00ebl","family":"Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sullivan","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Lelong-Boulouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magalie","family":"Paillet-Loilier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Berthelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Coquerel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Denise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459008994241","volume":"52","author":"T Akerstedt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Akerstedt T, Gillberg M (1990) Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 52:29\u201337","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"3035_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00316090","volume":"39","author":"G Alvan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alvan G, Bechtel P, Iselius L, Gundert-Remy U (1990) Hydroxylation polymorphisms of debrisoquine and mephenytoin in European populations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 39:533\u2013537","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR3","first-page":"285","volume":"3","author":"DV Babst","year":"1973","unstructured":"Babst DV, Newman S, Gordon N, Warner A (1973) Driving records of methadone maintenance patients in New-York state. JDI 3:285\u2013292","journal-title":"JDI"},{"key":"3035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0561-y","volume":"58","author":"L Bachs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bachs L, Skurtveit S, Morland J (2003) Codeine and clinical impairment in samples in which morphine is not detected. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 58:785\u2013789","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.14","volume":"85","author":"LC Bachs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bachs LC, Engeland A, Morland JG, Skurtveit S (2009) The risk of motor vehicle accidents involving drivers with prescriptions for codeine or tramadol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 85:596\u2013599","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3035_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baewert A, Gombas W, Schindler SD, Peternell-Moelzer A, Eder H, Jagsch R, Fischer G (2007) Influence of peak and trough levels of opioid maintenance therapy on driving aptitude. Eur Addict Res 13:127\u2013135","DOI":"10.1159\/000101548"},{"key":"3035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2075-5","volume":"214","author":"ML Bocca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bocca ML, Marie S, Lelong-Boulouard V, Bertran F, Couque C, Desfemmes T, Berthelon C, Amato JN, Moessinger M, Paillet-Loilier M, Coquerel A, Denise P (2011) Zolpidem and zopiclone impair similarly monotonous driving performance after a single nighttime intake in aged subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 214:699\u2013706","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"3035_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1974.tb02285.x","volume":"47","author":"A Bond","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bond A, Lader M (1974) The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. Br J med Psychol 47:211\u2013218","journal-title":"Br J med Psychol"},{"key":"3035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02928.x","volume":"22","author":"CM Bradley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bradley CM, Nicholson AN (1986) Effects of a mu-opioid receptor agonist (codeine phosphate) on visuo-motor coordination and dynamic visual acuity in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 22:507\u2013512","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR10","unstructured":"Brookhuis KA, De Vries G, Van Wijngaarden PP, Veenstra G, Hommes M, Louwerens JW, O'Hanlon JF (1985) The effects of increasing doses of Meptazinol (100, 200, 400\u00a0mg) and Glafenine (200\u00a0mg) on driving performance. Verkeerskundig Studiecentrum: Traffic Research Center, Haren, pp 40"},{"key":"3035_CR11","unstructured":"Cadet-Ta\u00efrou A, Gandilhon M, Toufik A, Evrard I (2008) Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes \u00e9mergents li\u00e9s au drogues en 2006\/2007. Huiti\u00e8me rapport national du dispositif TREND. Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais des drogues et des toxicomanies, Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais des drogues et des toxicomanies"},{"key":"3035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)34915-8","volume":"290","author":"Y Caraco","year":"1999","unstructured":"Caraco Y, Sheller J, Wood AJ (1999) Impact of ethnic origin and quinidine coadministration on codeine's disposition and pharmacodynamic effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 290:413\u2013422","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"3035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(85)90031-4","volume":"17","author":"GB Chesher","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chesher GB (1985) The influence of analgesic drugs in road crashes. Accid Anal Prev 17:303\u2013309","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"3035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0191","volume":"6","author":"R Cluydts","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cluydts R, De Valck E, Verstraeten E, Theys P (2002) Daytime sleepiness and its evaluation. Sleep Med Rev 6:83\u201396","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.1.1","volume":"31","author":"R Coles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coles R, Kushnir MM, Nelson GJ, McMillin GA, Urry FM (2007) Simultaneous determination of codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and 6-acetylmorphine in urine, serum, plasma, whole blood, and meconium by LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 31:1\u201314","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"3035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craft RM (2003) Sex differences in opioid analgesia: from mouse to man. Clin J Pain 19:175\u201386","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200305000-00005"},{"key":"3035_CR17","first-page":"652","volume":"17","author":"DF Dinges","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dinges DF, Powell JW (1985) Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations. BRM 17:652\u2013655","journal-title":"BRM"},{"key":"3035_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos J, Batziris H, Chu M, Caplehorn JR, Robertson MD, Swann P (2003) The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Forensic Sci Int 134:154\u2013162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00134-8"},{"key":"3035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.06.030","volume":"42","author":"S Dubois","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubois S, Bedard M, Weaver B (2010) The association between opioid analgesics and unsafe driving actions preceding fatal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 42:30\u201337","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"3035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.009","volume":"17","author":"A Engeland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Engeland A, Skurtveit S, Morland J (2007) Risk of road traffic accidents associated with the prescription of drugs: a registry-based cohort study. Ann Epidemiol 17:597\u2013602","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"3035_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00017-8","volume":"24","author":"RB Fillingim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fillingim RB, Ness TJ (2000) Sex-related hormonal influences on pain and analgesic responses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24:485\u2013501","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3035_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/J354v16n01_03","volume":"16","author":"DA Fishbain","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fishbain DA, Cutler RB, Rosomoff HL, Rosomoff RS (2002) Can patients taking opioids drive safely? A structured evidence-based review. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 16:9\u201328","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"3035_CR23","first-page":"97","volume":"4","author":"JA Horne","year":"1976","unstructured":"Horne JA, Ostberg O (1976) A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol 4:97\u2013110","journal-title":"Int J Chronobiol"},{"key":"3035_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huestis MA, Smith ML (2009) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs abused in driving. In: Verster JC, Pandi-Perumal SR, Ramaekers JG, De Gier JJ (eds) Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety. Birkh\u00e4user Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp 151\u2013185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-9923-8_11"},{"key":"3035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.06.022","volume":"117","author":"SK Kamboj","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kamboj SK, Tookman A, Jones L, Curran HV (2005) The effects of immediate-release morphine on cognitive functioning in patients receiving chronic opioid therapy in palliative care. Pain 117:388\u2013395","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"3035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331289482","volume":"23","author":"E Kelly","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelly E, Darke S, Ross J (2004) A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions. Drug Alcohol Rev 23:319\u2013344","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"3035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1486","volume":"48","author":"I Kim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim I, Barnes AJ, Oyler JM, Schepers R, Joseph RE Jr, Cone EJ, Lafko D, Moolchan ET, Huestis MA (2002) Plasma and oral fluid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after oral codeine administration. Clin Chem 48:1486\u20131496","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"3035_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199411000-00006","volume":"5","author":"SG Leveille","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leveille SG, Buchner DM, Koepsell TD, McCloskey LW, Wolf ME, Wagner EH (1994) Psychoactive medications and injurious motor vehicle collisions involving older drivers. Epidemiology 5:591\u2013598","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"3035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.002","volume":"1129","author":"J Lim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lim J, Dinges DF (2008) Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1129:305\u2013322","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"3035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974154368","volume":"15","author":"M Linnoila","year":"1974","unstructured":"Linnoila M, Hakkinen S (1974) Effects of diazepam and codeine, alone and in combination with alcohol, on simulated driving. Clin Pharmacol Ther 15:368\u2013373","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3035_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.09.005","volume":"79","author":"J Lotsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lotsch J, Skarke C, Schmidt H, Rohrbacher M, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Geisslinger G (2006) Evidence for morphine-independent central nervous opioid effects after administration of codeine: contribution of other codeine metabolites. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79:35\u201348","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mailis-Gagnon A, Lakha SF, Furlan A, Nicholson K, Yegneswaran B, Sabatowski R (2012) Systematic review of the quality and generalizability of studies on the effects of opioids on driving and cognitive\/psychomotor performance. Clin J Pain 28:542\u2013555","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182385332"},{"key":"3035_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meskali M, Berthelon C, Marie S, Denise P, Bocca ML (2009) Residual effects of hypnotic drugs in aging drivers submitted to simulated accident scenarios: an exploratory study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 207:461\u2013467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1677-2"},{"key":"3035_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2173-6_19","volume-title":"Human behavior and traffic safety","author":"JA Michon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Michon JA (1985) A critical view of driver behavior models: what do we know, what should we do? In: Evans L, Schwing RC (eds) Human behavior and traffic safety. Plenum Press, New-York, pp 485\u2013520"},{"key":"3035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.09.008","volume":"15","author":"HK Nilsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nilsen HK, Landro NI, Kaasa S, Jenssen GD, Fayers P, Borchgrevink PC (2011) Driving functions in a video simulator in chronic non-malignant pain patients using and not using codeine. Eur J Pain 15:409\u2013415","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"3035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.01.017","volume":"117","author":"BS Oken","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oken BS, Salinsky MC, Elsas SM (2006) Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement. Clin Neurophysiol 117:1885\u20131901","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3035_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7089544","volume":"217","author":"JF O'Hanlon","year":"1982","unstructured":"O'Hanlon JF, Haak TW, Blaauw GJ, Riemersma JB (1982) Diazepam impairs lateral position control in highway driving. Science 217:79\u201381","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3035_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/23.6.452","volume":"23","author":"CL O'Neal","year":"1999","unstructured":"O'Neal CL, Crouch DJ, Rollins DE, Fatah A, Cheever ML (1999) Correlation of saliva codeine concentrations with plasma concentrations after oral codeine administration. J Anal Toxicol 23:452\u2013459","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"3035_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papafotiou K, Carter JD, Stough C (2005) The relationship between performance on the standardised field sobriety tests, driving performance and the level of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood. Forensic Sci Int 155:172\u2013178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.11.009"},{"key":"3035_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickering G, Estrade M, Dubray C (2005) Comparative trial of tramadol\/paracetamol and codeine\/paracetamol combination tablets on the vigilance of healthy volunteers. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19:707\u2013711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2005.00368.x"},{"key":"3035_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613612","volume":"23","author":"H Quiding","year":"1982","unstructured":"Quiding H, Persson G, Ahlstrom U, Bangens S, Hellem S, Johansson G, Jonsson E, Nordh PG (1982) Paracetamol plus supplementary doses of codeine. An analgesic study of repeated doses. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 23:315\u2013319","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00313-6","volume":"12","author":"P Rainville","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rainville P (2002) Brain mechanisms of pain affect and pain modulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 12:195\u2013204","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"3035_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KP, Bosker WM, Brookhuis KA, Veldstra JA, Simons R, Martens M, Hjalmdahl M, Forsman A, Knoche A (2012) Effects of stimulant drugs on actual and simulated driving: perspectives from four experimental studies conducted as part of the DRUID research consortium. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222:413\u2013418","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2766-1"},{"key":"3035_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30413-0","volume":"9","author":"WA Ray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ray WA, Thapa PB, Shorr RI (1993) Medications and the older driver. Clin Geriatr Med 9:413\u2013438","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"3035_CR45","first-page":"293","volume":"64","author":"U Saarialho-Kere","year":"1986","unstructured":"Saarialho-Kere U, Mattila MJ, Seppala T (1986) Pentazocine and codeine: effects on human performance and mood and interactions with diazepam. Med Biol 64:293\u2013299","journal-title":"Med Biol"},{"key":"3035_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvucci DD, Boer ER, Liu A (2007) Toward an Integrated Model of Driver Behavior in Cognitive Architecture. TRR 1779:9\u201316","DOI":"10.3141\/1779-02"},{"key":"3035_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.06.007","volume":"41","author":"EA Schmidt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmidt EA, Schrauf M, Simon M, Fritzsche M, Buchner A, Kincses WE (2009) Drivers' misjudgement of vigilance state during prolonged monotonous daytime driving. Accid Anal Prev 41:1087\u20131093","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"3035_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1990.tb03641.x","volume":"30","author":"JC Shah","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shah JC, Mason WD (1990) Plasma codeine and morphine concentrations after a single oral dose of codeine phosphate. J Clin Pharmacol 30:764\u2013766","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000119229","volume":"32","author":"N Sherwood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sherwood N (1995) Effects of cigarette smoking on performance in a simulated driving task. Neuropsychobiology 32:161\u2013165","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"3035_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2549-0","volume":"222","author":"R Simons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simons R, Martens M, Ramaekers J, Krul A, Klopping-Ketelaars I, Skopp G (2012) Effects of dexamphetamine with and without alcohol on simulated driving. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222:391\u2013399","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"3035_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199512000-00001","volume":"5","author":"SH Sindrup","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sindrup SH, Brosen K (1995) The pharmacogenetics of codeine hypoalgesia. Pharmacogenetics 5:335\u2013346","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"3035_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100095","volume":"81","author":"AA Somogyi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Somogyi AA, Barratt DT, Coller JK (2007) Pharmacogenetics of opioids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 81:429\u2013444","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3035_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03222.x","volume":"24","author":"G Stacher","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stacher G, Steinringer H, Schneider S, Mittelbach G, Gaupmann G, Abatzi TA, Stacher-Janotta G (1987) Effects of graded oral doses of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine\/noradrenaline uptake inhibitor (Ro 15\u20138081) in comparison with 60\u00a0mg codeine and placebo on experimentally induced pain and side effect profile in healthy men. Br J Clin Pharmacol 24:627\u2013635","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02820.x","volume":"21","author":"G Stacher","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stacher G, Steinringer H, Schneider S, Mittelbach G, Winklehner S, Gaupmann G (1986) Experimental pain induced by electrical and thermal stimulation of the skin in healthy man: sensitivity to 75 and 150\u00a0mg diclofenac sodium in comparison with 60\u00a0mg codeine and placebo. Br J Clin Pharmacol 21:35\u201343","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3035_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-008-0007-4","volume":"12","author":"SA Strassels","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strassels SA (2008) Cognitive effects of opioids. Curr Pain Headache Rep 12:32\u201336","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"3035_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580600943005","volume":"7","author":"DS Veldhuijzen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Veldhuijzen DS, van Wijck AJ, Verster JC, Kalkman CJ, Kenemans JL, Olivier B, Volkerts ER (2006) The impact of chronic pain patients' psychotropic drug knowledge and warning labels on the decision whether to drive a car or not. Traffic Inj Prev 7:360\u2013364","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"3035_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2537-4","volume":"222","author":"JL Veldstra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Veldstra JL, Brookhuis KA, de Waard D, Molmans BH, Verstraete AG, Skopp G, Jantos R (2012) Effects of alcohol (BAC 0.5 per thousand) and ecstasy (MDMA 100\u00a0mg) on simulated driving performance and traffic safety. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222:377\u2013390","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"3035_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verster JC, Veldhuijzen DS, Volkerts ER (2006) Effects of an opioid (oxycodone\/paracetamol) and an NSAID (bromfenac) on driving ability, memory functioning, psychomotor performance, pupil size, and mood. Clin J Pain 22:499\u2013504","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000202981.28915.b2"},{"key":"3035_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2174\/157488611798280933","volume":"6","author":"JC Verster","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verster JC, Spence DW, Shahid A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Roth T (2011) Zopiclone as positive control in studies examining the residual effects of hypnotic drugs on driving ability. Curr Drug Saf 6:209\u2013218","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"key":"3035_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker DJ, Zacny JP (1998) Subjective, psychomotor, and analgesic effects of oral codeine and morphine in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 140:191\u2013201","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050757"},{"key":"3035_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2004.07.011","volume":"9","author":"OH Wilder-Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilder-Smith OH (2005) Opioid use in the elderly. Eur J Pain 9:137\u2013140","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"3035_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.3.4.432","volume":"3","author":"JP Zacny","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zacny JP (1995) A review of the effects of opioids on psychomotor and cognitive functioning in humans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 3:432\u2013466","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T23:33:40Z","timestamp":1745969620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-013-3035-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,9]]}}}