{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1792903491450,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-15-2-4057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-15-2-4057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH105014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH105014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T15:51:55Z","timestamp":1533743515000},"page":"355-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation as a tool for enhancing extinction in exposure-based therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Lindsey J.","family":"Noble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimenez R.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8138-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa K.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4994_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.09.013","volume":"6","author":"ST Aaronson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aaronson ST, Carpenter LL, Conway CR, Reimherr FW, Lisanby SH, Schwartz TL, Moreno FA, Dunner DL, Lesem MD, Thompson PM, Husain M, Vine CJ, Banov MD, Bernstein LP, Lehman RB, Brannon GE, Keepers GA, O\u2019Reardon JP, Rudolph RL, Bunker M (2013) Vagus nerve stimulation therapy randomized to different amounts of electrical charge for treatment-resistant depression: acute and chronic effects. Brain Stimul 6:631\u2013640","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"4994_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.11.007","volume":"108","author":"AD Abraham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abraham AD, Neve KA, Lattal KM (2014) Dopamine and extinction: a convergence of theory with fear and reward circuitry. Neurobiol Learn Mem 108:65\u201377","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005703","volume":"135","author":"E Agostoni","year":"1957","unstructured":"Agostoni E, Chinnock JE, De Daly MB, Murray JG (1957) Functional and histological studies of the vagus nerve and its branches to the heart, lungs and abdominal viscera in the cat. J Physiol 135:182\u2013205","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4994_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04603.x","volume":"23","author":"I Akirav","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akirav I, Raizel H, Maroun M (2006) Enhancement of conditioned fear extinction by infusion of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol into the rat prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 23:758\u2013764","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4273280","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4273280","volume":"2016","author":"AC Alvarez-Dieppa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez-Dieppa AC, Griffin K, Cavalier S, McIntyre CK (2016) Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear in rats and modulates arc protein, CaMKII, and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the basolateral amygdala. Neural Plast 2016:4273280","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"4994_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10262","volume":"60","author":"P Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson P, Jacobs C, Rothbaum BO (2004) Computer-supported cognitive behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychol 60:253\u2013267","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4100.682","volume":"181","author":"GM Anlezark","year":"1973","unstructured":"Anlezark GM, Crow TJ, Greenway AP (1973) Impaired learning and decreased cortical norepinephrine after bilateral locus coeruleus lesions. Science 181:682\u2013684","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4994_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, Bromet E, Karam EG, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Ruscio AM, Shahly V, Stein DJ, Petukhova M, Hill E, Alonso J, Atwoli L, Bunting B, Bruffaerts R, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, de Girolamo G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Huang Y, Lepine JP, Kawakami N, Kovess-Masfety V, Medina-Mora ME, Navarro-Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Scott KM, Shalev A, Slade T, ten Have M, Torres Y, Viana MC, Zarkov Z, Koenen KC (2016) The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychol Med 46:327\u2013343","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"4994_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200109000-00005","volume":"18","author":"E Ben-Menachem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ben-Menachem E (2001) Vagus nerve stimulation, side effects, and long-term safety. J Clin Neurophysiol 18:415\u2013418","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4994_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.10.011","volume":"24","author":"D Bentz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bentz D, Michael T, de Quervain DJ, Wilhelm FH (2010) Enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders with glucocorticoids: from basic mechanisms of emotional learning to clinical applications. J Anxiety Disord 24:223\u2013230","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"4994_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2005.12.008","volume":"86","author":"DJ Berlau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berlau DJ, McGaugh JL (2006) Enhancement of extinction memory consolidation: the role of the noradrenergic and GABAergic systems within the basolateral amygdala. Neurobiol Learn Mem 86:123\u2013132","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.08.018","volume":"9","author":"MS Borland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borland MS, Vrana WA, Moreno NA, Fogarty EA, Buell EP, Sharma P, Engineer CT, Kilgard MP (2016) Cortical map plasticity as a function of vagus nerve stimulation intensity. Brain Stimul 9:117\u2013123","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"4994_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802607154","volume":"43","author":"MJ Boschen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boschen MJ, Neumann DL, Waters AM (2009) Relapse of successfully treated anxiety and fear: theoretical issues and recommendations for clinical practice. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 43:89\u2013100","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.1.80","volume":"114","author":"ME Bouton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bouton ME (1993) Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychol Bull 114:80\u201399","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"4994_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.78804","volume":"11","author":"ME Bouton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bouton ME (2004) Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Learn Mem 11:485\u2013494","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.5.4.368","volume":"5","author":"ME Bouton","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bouton ME, Bolles RC (1979) Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear. J Exp Psychol Anim B 5:368\u2013378","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Anim B"},{"key":"4994_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.003","volume":"76","author":"CR Bramham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bramham CR, Messaoudi E (2005) BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: the synaptic consolidation hypothesis. Prog Neurobiol 76:99\u2013125","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"4994_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17050481","volume":"175","author":"A Brunet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunet A, Saumier D, Liu A, Streiner DL, Tremblay J, Pitman RK (2018) Reduction of PTSD symptoms with pre-reactivation propranolol therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 175:427\u2013433","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00058-5","volume":"26","author":"TW Buchanan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buchanan TW, Lovallo WR (2001) Enhanced memory for emotional material following stress-level cortisol treatment in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26:307\u2013317","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"4994_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12710","volume":"53","author":"A Burger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burger A, Verkuil B, van Diest I, van der Does W, Thayer J, Brosschot J (2016) The effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on conditioned fear extinction in humans. Psychophysiology 53:S8\u2013S8","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"4994_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.005","volume":"97","author":"AM Burger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burger AM, Verkuil B, Fenlon H, Thijs L, Cools L, Miller HC, Vervliet B, Van Diest I (2017) Mixed evidence for the potential of non-invasive transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation to improve the extinction and retention of fear. Behav Res Ther 97:64\u201374","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"4994_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2006.00062.x","volume":"9","author":"HP Buschman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buschman HP, Storm CJ, Duncker DJ, Verdouw PD, van der Aa HE, van der Kemp P (2006) Heart rate control via vagus nerve stimulation. Neuromodulation 9:214\u2013220","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"4994_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7427(02)00036-9","volume":"79","author":"L Cahill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cahill L, Alkire MT (2003) Epinephrine enhancement of human memory consolidation: interaction with arousal at encoding. Neurobiol Learn Mem 79:194\u2013198","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.09.011","volume":"227","author":"MA Castoro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castoro MA, Yoo PB, Hincapie JG, Hamann JJ, Ruble SB, Wolf PD, Grill WM (2011) Excitation properties of the right cervical vagus nerve in adult dogs. Exp Neurol 227:62\u201368","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"4994_CR25","first-page":"35","volume":"6","author":"CC Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen CC, Williams CL (2012) Interactions between epinephrine, ascending vagal fibers, and central noradrenergic systems in modulating memory for emotionally arousing events. Front Behav Neurosci 6:35","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113s","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.02.031","volume":"57","author":"JP Chhatwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chhatwal JP, Maguschak KA, Davis M, Ressler KJ (2005) Enhancing cannabinoid neurotransmission augments the extinction of conditioned fear. Biol Psychiatry 57:113s\u2013113s","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1718","volume":"9","author":"JP Chhatwal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chhatwal JP, Stanek-Rattiner L, Davis M, Ressler KJ (2006) Amygdala BDNF signaling is required for consolidation but not encoding of extinction. Nat Neurosci 9:870\u2013872","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Childs JE, Alvarez-Dieppa AC, McIntyre CK, Kroener S (2015) Vagus nerve stimulation as a tool to induce plasticity in pathways relevant for extinction learning. J Vis Exp 102:e53032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/53032","DOI":"10.3791\/53032"},{"key":"4994_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1995.1024","volume":"63","author":"KB Clark","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clark KB, Krahl SE, Smith DC, Jensen RA (1995) Post-training unilateral vagal-stimulation enhances retention performance in the rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 63:213\u2013216","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3863","volume":"70","author":"KB Clark","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clark KB, Smith DC, Hassert DL, Browning RA, Naritoku DK, Jensen RA (1998) Posttraining electrical stimulation of vagal afferents with concomitant vagal efferent inactivation enhances memory storage processes in the rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 70:364\u2013373","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/4600","volume":"2","author":"KB Clark","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clark KB, Naritoku DK, Smith DC, Browning RA, Jensen RA (1999) Enhanced recognition memory following vagus nerve stimulation in human subjects. Nat Neurosci 2:94\u201398","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/42.8.690","volume":"42","author":"PR Clarke","year":"1970","unstructured":"Clarke PR, Eccersley PS, Frisby JP, Thornton JA (1970) The amnesic effect of diazepam (valium). Br J Anaesth 42:690\u2013697","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4994_CR33","first-page":"4","volume":"39","author":"JL Corning","year":"1884","unstructured":"Corning JL (1884) Electrization of the sympathetic and pneumogastric nerves, with simultaneous bilateral compression of the carotids. The New York Medical Journal 39:4","journal-title":"The New York Medical Journal"},{"key":"4994_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01507-X","volume":"52","author":"M Davis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davis M, Myers KM (2002) The role of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in fear extinction: clinical implications for exposure therapy. Biol Psychiatry 52:998\u20131007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2005.12.008","volume":"3","author":"M Davis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davis M, Myers KM, Chhatwal J, Ressler KJ (2006a) Pharmacological treatments that facilitate extinction of fear: relevance to psychotherapy. NeuroRx 3:82\u201396","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"4994_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.084","volume":"60","author":"M Davis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davis M, Ressler K, Rothbaum BO, Richardson R (2006b) Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction: translation from preclinical to clinical work. Biol Psychiatry 60:369\u2013375","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9216-0","volume":"16","author":"GM De Ferrari","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Ferrari GM, Schwartz PJ (2011) Vagus nerve stimulation: from pre-clinical to clinical application: challenges and future directions. Heart Fail Rev 16:195\u2013203","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"4994_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.033","volume":"71","author":"RA de Kleine","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Kleine RA, Hendriks GJ, Kusters WJ, Broekman TG, van Minnen A (2012) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine to enhance exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 71:962\u2013968","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0272-3","volume":"11","author":"L De Taeye","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Taeye L, Vonck K, van Bochove M, Boon P, Van Roost D, Mollet L, Meurs A, De Herdt V, Carrette E, Dauwe I, Gadeyne S, van Mierlo P, Verguts T, Raedt R (2014) The P3 event-related potential is a biomarker for the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics 11:612\u2013622","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"4994_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2806-x","volume":"225","author":"O Deschaux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deschaux O, Zheng X, Lavigne J, Nachon O, Cleren C, Moreau JL, Garcia R (2013) Post-extinction fluoxetine treatment prevents stress-induced reemergence of extinguished fear. Psychopharmacology 225:209\u2013216","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR41","first-page":"147","volume":"61","author":"L Detari","year":"1983","unstructured":"Detari L, Juhasz G, Kukorelli T (1983) Effect of stimulation of vagal and radial nerves on neuronal activity in the basal forebrain area of anaesthetized cats. Acta Physiol Hung 61:147\u2013154","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"key":"4994_CR42","volume-title":"The third chimpanzee: the evolution and future of the human animal","author":"JM Diamond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Diamond JM (1992) The third chimpanzee: the evolution and future of the human animal, 1st edn. Harper Collins, New York","edition":"1"},{"key":"4994_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432721","volume":"87","author":"SB Dunnett","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dunnett SB (1985) Comparative effects of cholinergic drugs and lesions of nucleus basalis or fimbria-fornix on delayed matching in rats. Psychopharmacology 87:357\u2013363","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09656","volume":"470","author":"ND Engineer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engineer ND, Riley JR, Seale JD, Vrana WA, Shetake JA, Sudanagunta SP, Borland MS, Kilgard MP (2011) Reversing pathological neural activity using targeted plasticity. Nature 470:101\u2013104","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4994_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.JNS11977","volume":"115","author":"DJ Englot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Englot DJ, Chang EF, Auguste KI (2011) Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response. J Neurosurg 115:1248\u20131255","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4994_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.8.JNS122","volume":"117","author":"DJ Englot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Englot DJ, Rolston JD, Wang DD, Hassnain KH, Gordon CM, Chang EF (2012) Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in posttraumatic versus nontraumatic epilepsy. J Neurosurg 117:970\u2013977","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4994_CR47","first-page":"320","volume":"88","author":"DH Evans","year":"1954","unstructured":"Evans DH, Murray JG (1954) Histological and functional studies on the fibre composition of the vagus nerve of the rabbit. J Anat 88:320\u2013337","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"4994_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-03-00854.1992","volume":"12","author":"WA Falls","year":"1992","unstructured":"Falls WA, Miserendino MJ, Davis M (1992) Extinction of fear-potentiated startle: blockade by infusion of an NMDA antagonist into the amygdala. J Neurosci 12:854\u2013863","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.62","volume":"71","author":"A Feder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feder A, Parides MK, Murrough JW, Perez AM, Morgan JE, Saxena S, Kirkwood K, Aan Het Rot M, Lapidus KA, Wan LB, Iosifescu D, Charney DS (2014) Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 71:681\u2013688","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500682112","volume":"112","author":"PJ Fitzgerald","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fitzgerald PJ, Giustino TF, Seemann JR, Maren S (2015) Noradrenergic blockade stabilizes prefrontal activity and enables fear extinction under stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E3729\u2013E3737","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4994_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900670104","volume":"67","author":"JO Foley","year":"1937","unstructured":"Foley JO, DuBois F (1937) Quantitative studies of the vagus nerve in the cat\u2014I. The ratio of sensory to motor fibers. J Comp Neurol 67:49\u201367","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"4994_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.08.045","volume":"1179","author":"P Follesa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Follesa P, Biggio F, Gorini G, Caria S, Talani G, Dazzi L, Puligheddu M, Marrosu F, Biggio G (2007) Vagus nerve stimulation increases norepinephrine concentration and the gene expression of BDNF and bFGF in the rat brain. Brain Res 1179:28\u201334","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"4994_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009","volume":"74","author":"BH Friedman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Friedman BH (2007) An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biol Psychol 74:185\u2013199","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034844","volume":"7","author":"H Furmaga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Furmaga H, Carreno FR, Frazer A (2012) Vagal nerve stimulation rapidly activates brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor TrkB in rat brain. PLoS One 7:e34844","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4994_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1996.0067","volume":"66","author":"R Galvez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Galvez R, Mesches MH, McGaugh JL (1996) Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock stimulation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 66:253\u2013257","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ganzer PD, Darrow MJ, Meyers EC, Solorzano BR, Ruiz AD, Robertson NM, Adcock KS, James JT, Jeong HS, Becker AM, Goldberg MP, Pruitt DT, Hays SA, Kilgard MP, Rennaker RL (2018) Closed-loop neuromodulation restores network connectivity and motor control after spinal cord injury. Elife 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/elife.32058","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.32058"},{"key":"4994_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022705","volume":"8","author":"HA Garcia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcia HA, Kelley LP, Rentz TO, Lee S (2011) Pretreatment predictors of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Psychol Serv 8:1\u201311","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"4994_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.02.001","volume":"1","author":"MS George","year":"2008","unstructured":"George MS, Ward HE, Ninan PT, Pollack M, Nahas Z, Anderson B, Kose S, Howland RH, Goodman WK, Ballenger JC (2008) A pilot study of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Brain Stimulation 1:112\u2013121","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"4994_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.12.012","volume":"105","author":"PE Gold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gold PE (2014) Regulation of memory\u2014from the adrenal medulla to liver to astrocytes to neurons. Brain Res Bull 105:25\u201335","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"4994_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6773(75)91784-8","volume":"13","author":"PE Gold","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gold PE, Van Buskirk RB (1975) Facilitation of time-dependent memory processes with posttrial epinephrine injections. Behav Biol 13:145\u2013153","journal-title":"Behav Biol"},{"key":"4994_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63665-1","volume":"42","author":"PE Gold","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gold PE, van Buskirk RB, McGaugh JL (1975) Effects of hormones on time-dependent memory storage processes. Prog Brain Res 42:210\u2013211","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"4994_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu008","volume":"55","author":"TD Goode","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goode TD, Maren S (2014) Animal models of fear relapse. ILAR J 55:246\u2013258","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"4994_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004","volume":"29","author":"DA Groves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Groves DA, Brown VJ (2005) Vagal nerve stimulation: a review of its applications and potential mechanisms that mediate its clinical effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:493\u2013500","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4994_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.11.011","volume":"63","author":"AJ Guastella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guastella AJ, Richardson R, Lovibond PF, Rapee RM, Gaston JE, Mitchell P, Dadds MR (2008) A randomized controlled trial of D-cycloserine enhancement of exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry 63:544\u2013549","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.560","volume":"215","author":"RL Hamlin","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hamlin RL, Smith CR (1968) Effects of vagal stimulation on S-A and A-V nodes. Am J Phys 215:560\u2013568","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"4994_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.48","volume":"51","author":"A Handforth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Handforth A, DeGiorgio CM, Schachter SC, Uthman BM, Naritoku DK, Tecoma ES, Henry TR, Collins SD, Vaughn BV, Gilmartin RC, Labar DR, Morris GL 3rd, Salinsky MC, Osorio I, Ristanovic RK, Labiner DM, Jones JC, Murphy JV, Ney GC, Wheless JW (1998) Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial. Neurology 51:48\u201355","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4994_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.1.79","volume":"118","author":"DL Hassert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hassert DL, Miyashita T, Williams CL (2004) The effects of peripheral vagal nerve stimulation at a memory-modulating intensity on norepinephrine output in the basolateral amygdala. Behav Neurosci 118:79\u201388","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_463","volume":"37","author":"J Haubrich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haubrich J, Nader K (2018) Memory reconsolidation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 37:151\u2013176","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.08.004","volume":"88","author":"M Hauschildt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hauschildt M, Peters MJ, Moritz S, Jelinek L (2011) Heart rate variability in response to affective scenes in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychol 88:215\u2013222","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63327-9.00010-2","volume":"207","author":"SA Hays","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hays SA, Rennaker RL, Kilgard MP (2013) Targeting plasticity with vagus nerve stimulation to treat neurological disease. Prog Brain Res 207:275\u2013299","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"4994_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006654","volume":"45","author":"SA Hays","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hays SA, Khodaparast N, Hulsey DR, Ruiz A, Sloan AM, Rennaker RL 2nd, Kilgard MP (2014) Vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitative training improves functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 45:3097\u20133100","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"4994_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.298","volume":"63","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hofmann SG, Meuret AE, Smits JA, Simon NM, Pollack MH, Eisenmenger K, Shiekh M, Otto MW (2006) Augmentation of exposure therapy with D-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:298\u2013304","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.1.165","volume":"72","author":"BL Jacobs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jacobs BL, Azmitia EC (1992) Structure and function of the brain serotonin system. Physiol Rev 72:165\u2013229","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4994_CR74","volume-title":"The principles of psychology","author":"W James","year":"1890","unstructured":"James W (1890) The principles of psychology. H. Holt and Company, New York"},{"key":"4994_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.02.002","volume":"10","author":"M Joels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joels M, Pu Z, Wiegert O, Oitzl MS, Krugers HJ (2006) Learning under stress: how does it work? Trends Cogn Sci 10:152\u2013158","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"4994_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214592","volume":"334","author":"NN Karpova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karpova NN, Pickenhagen A, Lindholm J, Tiraboschi E, Kulesskaya N, Ag\u00fastsd\u00f3ttir A, Antila H, Popova D, Akamine Y, Bahi A, Sullivan R, Hen R, Drew LJ, Castr\u00e9n E (2011) Fear erasure in mice requires synergy between antidepressant drugs and extinction training. Science 334:1731\u20131734","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4994_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(85)90047-1","volume":"2","author":"T Kasamatsu","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kasamatsu T, Watabe K, Heggelund P, Scholler E (1985) Plasticity in cat visual cortex restored by electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus. Neurosci Res 2:365\u2013386","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"4994_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.08.002","volume":"60","author":"N Khodaparast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khodaparast N, Hays SA, Sloan AM, Hulsey DR, Ruiz A, Pantoja M, Rennaker RL 2nd, Kilgard MP (2013) Vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitative training improves forelimb strength following ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 60:80\u201388","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"4994_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315616494","volume":"30","author":"N Khodaparast","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khodaparast N, Kilgard MP, Casavant R, Ruiz A, Qureshi I, Ganzer PD, Rennaker RL 2nd, Hays SA (2016) Vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitative training improves forelimb recovery after chronic ischemic stroke in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 30:676\u2013684","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"4994_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.09.002","volume":"35","author":"MP Kilgard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kilgard MP (2012) Harnessing plasticity to understand learning and treat disease. Trends Neurosci 35:715\u2013722","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5357.1714","volume":"279","author":"MP Kilgard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kilgard MP, Merzenich MM (1998) Cortical map reorganization enabled by nucleus basalis activity. Science 279:1714\u20131718","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4994_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.046","volume":"229","author":"FA Kozel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kozel FA, Motes MA, Didehbani N, DeLaRosa B, Bass C, Schraufnagel CD, Jones P, Morgan CR, Spence JS, Kraut MA, Hart J (2018) Repetitive TMS to augment cognitive processing therapy in combat veterans of recent conflicts with PTSD: a randomized clinical trial. J Affect Disord 229:506\u2013514","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4994_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.91610","volume":"3","author":"SE Krahl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krahl SE (2012) Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a review of the peripheral mechanisms. Surg Neurol Int 3:S47\u2013S52","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4994_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.103015","volume":"3","author":"SE Krahl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krahl SE, Clark KB (2012) Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a review of central mechanisms. Surg Neurol Int 3:S255\u2013S259","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4994_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01155.x","volume":"39","author":"SE Krahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krahl SE, Clark KB, Smith DC, Browning RA (1998) Locus coeruleus lesions suppress the seizure-attenuating effects of vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsia 39:709\u2013714","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"4994_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.315","volume":"41","author":"MCW Kroes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kroes MCW, Tona KD, den Ouden HEM, Vogel S, van Wingen GA, Fernandez G (2016) How administration of the beta-blocker propranolol before extinction can prevent the return of fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:1569\u20131578","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.116.013474","volume":"69","author":"RT LaLumiere","year":"2017","unstructured":"LaLumiere RT, McGaugh JL, McIntyre CK (2017) Emotional modulation of learning and memory: pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Rev 69:236\u2013255","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"4994_CR88","first-page":"84","volume":"55","author":"L Ledgerwood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ledgerwood L (2003) D-Cycloserine facilitates extinction of conditioned fear as assessed by freezing in rats. Aust J Psychol 55:84\u201384","journal-title":"Aust J Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR89","first-page":"227","volume":"6","author":"MN Levy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levy MN (1997) Neural control of cardiac function. Baillieres Clin Neurol 6:227\u2013244","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Neurol"},{"key":"4994_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91049-8","volume":"368","author":"KC Liang","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang KC, Juler RG, McGaugh JL (1986) Modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system. Brain Res 368:125\u2013133","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"4994_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.006","volume":"46","author":"BT Litz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Litz BT, Salters-Pedneault K, Steenkamp MM, Hermos JA, Bryant RA, Otto MW, Hofmann SG (2012) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine and exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 46:1184\u20131190","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4994_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03031.x","volume":"23","author":"I Lucki","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lucki I, Rickels K, Giesecke MA, Geller A (1987) Differential effects of the anxiolytic drugs, diazepam and buspirone, on memory function. Br J Clin Pharmacol 23:207\u2013211","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4994_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2008.12.001","volume":"19","author":"S Manta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manta S, Dong J, Debonnel G, Blier P (2009) Optimization of vagus nerve stimulation parameters using the firing activity of serotonin neurons in the rat dorsal raphe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 19:250\u2013255","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"4994_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.248575","volume":"591","author":"R Marek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marek R, Strobel C, Bredy TW, Sah P (2013) The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex: partners in the fear circuit. J Physiol 591:2381\u20132391","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4994_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3492","volume":"14","author":"S Maren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maren S, Phan KL, Liberzon I (2013) The contextual brain: implications for fear conditioning, extinction and psychopathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:417\u2013428","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035853","volume":"7","author":"M Maroun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maroun M, Kavushansky A, Holmes A, Wellman C, Motanis H (2012) Enhanced extinction of aversive memories by high-frequency stimulation of the rat infralimbic cortex. PLoS One 7:e35853","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4994_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3955","volume":"74","author":"D Mataix-Cols","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mataix-Cols D, Fernandez de la Cruz L, Monzani B, Rosenfield D, Andersson E, Perez-Vigil A, Frumento P, de Kleine RA, Difede J, Dunlop BW, Farrell LJ, Geller D, Gerardi M, Guastella AJ, Hofmann SG, Hendriks GJ, Kushner MG, Lee FS, Lenze EJ, Levinson CA, McConnell H, Otto MW, Plag J, Pollack MH, Ressler KJ, Rodebaugh TL, Rothbaum BO, Scheeringa MS, Siewert-Siegmund A, Smits JAJ, Storch EA, Strohle A, Tart CD, Tolin DF, van Minnen A, Waters AM, Weems CF, Wilhelm S, Wyka K, Davis M, Ruck C, the DCSAC, Altemus M, Anderson P, Cukor J, Finck C, Geffken GR, Golfels F, Goodman WK, Gutner C, Heyman I, Jovanovic T, Lewin AB, McNamara JP, Murphy TK, Norrholm S, Thuras P (2017) D-Cycloserine augmentation of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. JAMA Psychiatry 74:501\u2013510","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2009.11.005","volume":"93","author":"JR McReynolds","year":"2010","unstructured":"McReynolds JR, Donowho K, Abdi A, McGaugh JL, Roozendaal B, McIntyre CK (2010) Memory-enhancing corticosterone treatment increases amygdala norepinephrine and Arc protein expression in hippocampal synaptic fractions. Neurobiol Learn Mem 93:312\u2013321","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019202","volume":"49","author":"EC Meyers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meyers EC, Solorzano BR, James J, Ganzer PD, Lai ES, Rennaker RL 2nd, Kilgard MP, Hays SA (2018) Vagus nerve stimulation enhances stable plasticity and generalization of stroke recovery. Stroke 49:710\u2013717","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"4994_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.01.017","volume":"42","author":"MR Milad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milad MR, Orr SP, Lasko NB, Chang YC, Rauch SL, Pitman RK (2008) Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: results of a twin study. J Psychiatr Res 42:515\u2013520","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"4994_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.026","volume":"66","author":"MR Milad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milad MR, Pitman RK, Ellis CB, Gold AL, Shin LM, Lasko NB, Zeidan MA, Handwerger K, Orr SP, Rauch SL (2009) Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 66:1075\u20131082","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.914","volume":"70","author":"MR Milad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milad MR, Furtak SC, Greenberg JL, Keshaviah A, Im JJ, Falkenstein MJ, Jenike M, Rauch SL, Wilhelm S (2013) Deficits in conditioned fear extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and neurobiological changes in the fear circuit. JAMA Psychiatry 70:608\u2013618","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2005.08.013","volume":"85","author":"T Miyashita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyashita T, Williams CL (2006) Epinephrine administration increases neural impulses propagated along the vagus nerve: role of peripheral beta-adrenergic receptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 85:116\u2013124","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"4994_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"D Mueller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mueller D, Porter JT, Quirk GJ (2008) Noradrenergic signaling in infralimbic cortex increases cell excitability and strengthens memory for fear extinction. J Neurosci 28:369\u2013375","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.12703\/P7-43","volume":"7","author":"LM Najavits","year":"2015","unstructured":"Najavits LM (2015) The problem of dropout from \u201cgold standard\u201d PTSD therapies. F1000Prime Rep 7:43","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep"},{"key":"4994_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.024","volume":"189","author":"JA Nichols","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nichols JA, Nichols AR, Smirnakis SM, Engineer ND, Kilgard MP, Atzori M (2011) Vagus nerve stimulation modulates cortical synchrony and excitability through the activation of muscarinic receptors. Neuroscience 189:207\u2013214","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4994_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1217","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.191","volume":"7","author":"LJ Noble","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noble LJ, Gonzalez IJ, Meruva VB, Callahan KA, Belfort BD, Ramanathan KR, Meyers E, Kilgard MP, Rennaker RL, McIntyre CK (2017) Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on extinction of conditioned fear and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in rats. Transl Psychiatry 7:e1217","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.021","volume":"73","author":"DF Pena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pena DF, Engineer ND, McIntyre CK (2013) Rapid remission of conditioned fear expression with extinction training paired with vagus nerve stimulation. Biol Psychiatry 73:1071\u20131077","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pena DF, Childs JE, Willett S, Vital A, McIntyre CK, Kroener S (2014) Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear and modulates plasticity in the pathway from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 8:327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00327","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00327"},{"key":"4994_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186909","volume":"328","author":"J Peters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peters J, Dieppa-Perea LM, Melendez LM, Quirk GJ (2010) Induction of fear extinction with hippocampal-infralimbic BDNF. Science 328:1288\u20131290","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4994_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089","volume":"15","author":"ET Peuker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peuker ET, Filler TJ (2002) The nerve supply of the human auricle. Clin Anat 15:35\u201337","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"4994_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.09.004","volume":"74","author":"MA Pezze","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pezze MA, Feldon J (2004) Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in fear conditioning. Prog Neurobiol 74:301\u2013320","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"4994_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.498","volume":"90","author":"SW Porges","year":"1992","unstructured":"Porges SW (1992) Vagal tone: a physiologic marker of stress vulnerability. Pediatrics 90:498\u2013504","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4994_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.76.s2.17","volume":"76","author":"SW Porges","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porges SW (2009) The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleve Clin J Med 76(Suppl 2):S86\u2013S90","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"4994_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr316","volume":"22","author":"BA Porter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Porter BA, Khodaparast N, Fayyaz T, Cheung RJ, Ahmed SS, Vrana WA, Rennaker RL 2nd, Kilgard MP (2012) Repeatedly pairing vagus nerve stimulation with a movement reorganizes primary motor cortex. Cereb Cortex 22:2365\u20132374","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"4994_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.01.001","volume":"23","author":"MB Powers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Otto MW, Sanders C, Emmelkamp PMG (2009) Facilitation of fear extinction in phobic participants with a novel cognitive enhancer: a randomized placebo controlled trial of yohimbine augmentation. J Anxiety Disord 23:350\u2013356","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"4994_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.007","volume":"30","author":"MB Powers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Powers MB, Halpern JM, Ferenschak MP, Gillihan SJ, Foa EB (2010) A meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 30:635\u2013641","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"4994_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3972","volume":"33","author":"DT Pruitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pruitt DT, Schmid AN, Kim LJ, Abe CM, Trieu JL, Choua C, Hays SA, Kilgard MP, Rennaker RL (2016) Vagus nerve stimulation delivered with motor training enhances recovery of function after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 33:871\u2013879","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4994_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.10.008","volume":"121","author":"JM Pyne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pyne JM, Constans JI, Wiederhold MD, Gibson DP, Kimbrell T, Kramer TL, Pitcock JA, Han X, Williams DK, Chartrand D, Gevirtz RN, Spira J, Wiederhold BK, McCraty R, McCune TR (2016) Heart rate variability: pre-deployment predictor of post-deployment PTSD symptoms. Biol Psychol 121:91\u201398","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301555","volume":"33","author":"GJ Quirk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Quirk GJ, Mueller D (2008) Neural mechanisms of extinction learning and retrieval. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:56\u201372","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR121","first-page":"H133","volume":"249","author":"WC Randall","year":"1985","unstructured":"Randall WC, Ardell JL, Becker DM (1985) Differential responses accompanying sequential stimulation and ablation of vagal branches to dog heart. Am J Phys 249:H133\u2013H140","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"4994_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199028","volume":"25","author":"RA Rescorla","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rescorla RA (1997) Spontaneous recovery after Pavlovian conditioning with multiple outcomes. Anim Learn Behav 25:99\u2013107","journal-title":"Anim Learn Behav"},{"key":"4994_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.1.1.88","volume":"104","author":"RA Rescorla","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rescorla RA, Heth CD (1975) Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus. J Exp Psychol-Anim B 104:88\u201396","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol-Anim B"},{"key":"4994_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.5.748","volume":"60","author":"PA Resick","year":"1992","unstructured":"Resick PA, Schnicke MK (1992) Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol 60:748\u2013756","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1944","volume":"10","author":"KJ Ressler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ressler KJ, Mayberg HS (2007) Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: from the laboratory to the clinic. Nat Neurosci 10:1116\u20131124","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1136","volume":"61","author":"KJ Ressler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, Anderson P, Graap K, Zimand E, Hodges L, Davis M (2004) Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy\u2014use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:1136\u20131144","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93519","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093519","volume":"9","author":"H Rodrigues","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodrigues H, Figueira I, Lopes A, Goncalves R, Mendlowicz MV, Coutinho ES, Ventura P (2014) Does D-cycloserine enhance exposure therapy for anxiety disorders in humans? A meta-analysis. PLoS One 9:e93519","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4994_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.01.009","volume":"65","author":"J Rodriguez-Romaguera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Romaguera J, Sotres-Bayon F, Mueller D, Quirk GJ (2009) Systemic propranolol acts centrally to reduce conditioned fear in rats without impairing extinction. Biol Psychiatry 65:887\u2013892","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200782109","volume":"109","author":"J Rodriguez-Romaguera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Romaguera J, Do Monte FH, Quirk GJ (2012) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatum enhances extinction of conditioned fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:8764\u20138769","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4994_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.048","volume":"1119","author":"RW Roosevelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roosevelt RW, Smith DC, Clough RW, Jensen RA, Browning RA (2006) Increased extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine in cortex and hippocampus following vagus nerve stimulation in the rat. Brain Res 1119:124\u2013132","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"4994_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601874103","volume":"103","author":"B Roozendaal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roozendaal B, Okuda S, Van der Zee EA, McGaugh JL (2006) Glucocorticoid enhancement of memory requires arousal-induced noradrenergic activation in the basolateral amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:6741\u20136746","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4994_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.64","volume":"39","author":"LE Rosas-Vidal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosas-Vidal LE, Do-Monte FH, Sotres-Bayon F, Quirk GJ (2014) Hippocampal-prefrontal BDNF and memory for fear extinction. Neuropsychopharmacology 39:2161\u20132169","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR133","unstructured":"Rothbaum BO, Davis M (2003) Applying learning principles to the treatment of post-trauma reactions. Roots of Mental Illness in Children 1008:112\u2013121"},{"key":"4994_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2010.12.002","volume":"42","author":"R Ruffoli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruffoli R, Giorgi FS, Pizzanelli C, Murri L, Paparelli A, Fornai F (2011) The chemical neuroanatomy of vagus nerve stimulation. J Chem Neuroanat 42:288\u2013296","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"4994_CR135","volume-title":"Why zebras don\u2019t get ulcers: a guide to stress, stress-related diseases and coping","author":"RM Sapolsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sapolsky RM (2004) Why zebras don\u2019t get ulcers: a guide to stress, stress-related diseases and coping, 3rd edn. Times Books, New York","edition":"3"},{"key":"4994_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.09.014","volume":"64","author":"H Schevernels","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schevernels H, van Bochove ME, De Taeye L, Bombeke K, Vonck K, Van Roost D, De Herdt V, Santens P, Raedt R, Boehler CN (2016) The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on response inhibition. Epilepsy Behav 64:171\u2013179","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"4994_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2008.71.2.134","volume":"71","author":"MA Schottenbauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schottenbauer MA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB, Tendick V, Gray SH (2008) Nonresponse and dropout rates in outcome studies on PTSD: review and methodological considerations. Psychiatry 71:134\u2013168","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.02.024","volume":"322","author":"AP Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah AP, Carreno FR, Wu H, Chung YA, Frazer A (2016) Role of TrkB in the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of vagal nerve stimulation: comparison with desipramine. Neuroscience 322:273\u2013286","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"4994_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.10.026","volume":"233","author":"JA Shetake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shetake JA, Engineer ND, Vrana WA, Wolf JT, Kilgard MP (2012) Pairing tone trains with vagus nerve stimulation induces temporal plasticity in auditory cortex. Exp Neurol 233:342\u2013349","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"4994_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152343099","volume":"99","author":"HZ Shouval","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shouval HZ, Bear MF, Cooper LN (2002) A unified model of NMDA receptor-dependent bidirectional synaptic plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:10831\u201310836","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4994_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.184","volume":"36","author":"D Sierra-Mercado","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sierra-Mercado D, Padilla-Coreano N, Quirk GJ (2011) Dissociable roles of prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, ventral hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala in the expression and extinction of conditioned fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:529\u2013538","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4994_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022659","volume":"79","author":"HB Simpson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simpson HB, Maher MIJ, Wang YJ, Bao YY, Foa EB, Franklin M (2011) Patient adherence predicts outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 79:247\u2013252","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509184103","volume":"103","author":"LM Soravia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soravia LM, Heinrichs M, Aerni A, Maroni C, Schelling G, Ehlert U, Roozendaal B, de Quervain DJ (2006) Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:5585\u20135590","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4994_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.012","volume":"60","author":"F Sotres-Bayon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sotres-Bayon F, Cain CK, LeDoux JE (2006) Brain mechanisms of fear extinction: historical perspectives on the contribution of prefrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 60:329\u2013336","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR145","first-page":"9334","volume":"8","author":"J Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun J, Lu Y, Huang Y, Wugeti N (2015) Unilateral vagus nerve stimulation improves ventricular autonomic nerve distribution and functional imbalance in a canine heart failure model. Int J Clin Exp Med 8:9334\u20139340","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"4994_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19325","volume":"537","author":"T Takeuchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeuchi T, Duszkiewicz AJ, Sonneborn A, Spooner PA, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Smith CC, Fernandez G, Deisseroth K, Greene RW, Morris RG (2016) Locus coeruleus and dopaminergic consolidation of everyday memory. Nature 537:357\u2013362","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4994_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01351-9","volume":"65","author":"GW Thompson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thompson GW, Levett JM, Miller SM, Hill MR, Meffert WG, Kolata RJ, Clem MF, Murphy DA, Armour JA (1998) Bradycardia induced by intravascular versus direct stimulation of the vagus nerve. Ann Thorac Surg 65:637\u2013642","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"4994_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2018.1432679","volume":"47","author":"PW Tuerk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tuerk PW, Wangelin BC, Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Acierno R, Myers US, Orr SP, Foa EB, Hamner MB (2018) Augmenting treatment efficiency in exposure therapy for PTSD: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of yohimbine HCl. Cogn Behav Ther 47:351\u2013371","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"4994_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.09.007","volume":"6","author":"K Usami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Usami K, Kawai K, Sonoo M, Saito N (2013) Scalp-recorded evoked potentials as a marker for afferent nerve impulse in clinical vagus nerve stimulation. Brain Stimul 6:615\u2013623","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"4994_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Leusden JW, Sellaro R, Colzato LS (2015) Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS): a new neuromodulation tool in healthy humans? Front Psychol 6:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00102","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00102"},{"key":"4994_CR151","first-page":"395","volume":"10","author":"B Verkuil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verkuil B, Burger AM, van Diest I, Vervliet B, van der Does W, Thayer JF, Brosschot JF (2017) Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation to promote the extinction of fear. Behav Res Ther 10:395","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"4994_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185542","volume":"9","author":"B Vervliet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vervliet B, Craske MG, Hermans D (2013) Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 9:215\u2013248","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4994_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-06-02343.2002","volume":"22","author":"DL Walker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walker DL, Ressler KJ, Lu KT, Davis M (2002) Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration or intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats. J Neurosci 22:2343\u20132351","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1126\/science.129.3357.1226","volume":"129","author":"H Weil-Malherbe","year":"1959","unstructured":"Weil-Malherbe H, Axelrod J, Tomchick R (1959) Blood-brain barrier for adrenaline. Science 129:1226\u20131227","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4994_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07050776","volume":"165","author":"S Wilhelm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U, Tolin DF, Meunier SA, Pearlson GD, Reese HE, Cannistraro P, Jenike MA, Rauch SL (2008) Augmentation of behavior therapy with D-cycloserine for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 165:335\u2013341","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4994_CR156","unstructured":"Willis T (1664) Cerebri anatome: cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus. Typis Tho. Roycroft, impensis Jo. Martyn & Ja. Allestry"},{"key":"4994_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23840","volume":"95","author":"MA Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson MA, Fadel JR (2017) Cholinergic regulation of fear learning and extinction. J Neurosci Res 95:836\u2013852","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"4994_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01532.2002","volume":"22","author":"SW Ying","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ying SW, Futter M, Rosenblum K, Webber MJ, Hunt SP, Bliss TVP, Bramham CR (2002) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces long-term potentiation in intact adult hippocampus: requirement for ERK activation coupled to CREB and upregulation of Arc synthesis. J Neurosci 22:1532\u20131540","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12647","volume":"56","author":"H Yuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuan H, Silberstein SD (2016) Vagus nerve and vagus nerve stimulation, a comprehensive review: part I. Headache 56:71\u201378","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"4994_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01929-9","volume":"24","author":"A Zagon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zagon A (2001) Does the vagus nerve mediate the sixth sense? Trends Neurosci 24:671\u2013673","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"4994_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.11.009","volume":"90","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zuo Y, Smith DC, Jensen RA (2007) Vagus nerve stimulation potentiates hippocampal LTP in freely-moving rats. Physiol Behav 90:583\u2013589","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T22:54:11Z","timestamp":1661727251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-018-4994-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Lindsey J. Noble and Rimenez R Souza reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Christa K. McIntyre is an author of a patent entitled \u201cEnhancing Fear Extinction using Vagus Nerve Stimulation.\u201d","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}