{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:26:18Z","timestamp":1790079978736,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T23:02:47Z","timestamp":1555196567000},"page":"1513-1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["A potential role for the gut microbiome in substance use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Meckel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4818-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew D.","family":"Kiraly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13858","volume":"45","author":"C Acharya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Acharya C, Betrapally NS, Gillevet PM et al (2017) Chronic opioid use is associated with altered gut microbiota and predicts readmissions in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 45:319\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13858","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"5232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.05.002","volume":"39","author":"TE Adolph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adolph TE, Grander C, Moschen AR, Tilg H (2018) Liver-microbiome axis in health and disease. Trends Immunol 39:712\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"5232_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","volume":"23","author":"A Agus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agus A, Planchais J, Sokol H (2018) Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 23:716\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"5232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227901","volume":"339","author":"A Aguzzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aguzzi A, Barres BA, Bennett ML (2013) Microglia: scapegoat, saboteur, or something else? Science 339:156\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1227901","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0192-3","volume":"21","author":"P Ayata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ayata P, Badimon A, Strasburger HJ et al (2018) Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity. Nat Neurosci 21:1049\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-018-0192-3","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12046","volume":"25","author":"Q Aziz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aziz Q, Dor\u00e9 J, Emmanuel A et al (2013) Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions. Neurogastroenterol Motil 25:4\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12046","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"5232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182331870","volume":"255","author":"T Babrowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Babrowski T, Holbrook C, Moss J et al (2012) Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence expression is directly activated by morphine and is capable of causing lethal gut derived sepsis in mice during chronic morphine administration. Ann Surg 255:386\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182331870","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"5232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2014.16.3\/rbagot","volume":"16","author":"RC Bagot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bagot RC, Labont\u00e9 B, Pe\u00f1a CJ, Nestler EJ (2014) Epigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders: stress and depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 16:281\u2013295","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096864","volume":"9","author":"S Bala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bala S, Marcos M, Gattu A et al (2014) Acute binge drinking increases serum endotoxin and bacterial DNA levels in healthy individuals. PLoS One 9:e96864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096864","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04933.x","volume":"22","author":"S Balzan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balzan S, de Almeida Quadros C, de Cleva R et al (2007) Bacterial translocation: overview of mechanisms and clinical impact. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:464\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04933.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5232_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.9","volume":"9","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Sindberg G, Wang F et al (2016) Opioid-induced gut microbial disruption and bile dysregulation leads to gut barrier compromise and sustained systemic inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 9:1418\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mi.2016.9","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"5232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0194171","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194171","volume":"13","author":"E Barengolts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barengolts E, Green SJ, Eisenberg Y et al (2018) Gut microbiota varies by opioid use, circulating leptin and oxytocin in African American men with diabetes and high burden of chronic disease. PLoS One 13:e0194171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194171","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.10.058","volume":"1628","author":"JM Barker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barker JM, Taylor JR, De Vries TJ, Peters J (2015) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Res 1628:68\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.10.058","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","volume":"157","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belkaid Y, Hand TW (2014) Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell 157:121\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602546","volume":"61","author":"D Benton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Benton D, Williams C, Brown A (2007) Impact of consuming a milk drink containing a probiotic on mood and cognition. Eur J Clin Nutr 61:355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602546","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.052","volume":"141","author":"P Bercik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bercik P, Denou E, Collins J et al (2011a) The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology 141:599\u2013609, 609.e1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.052","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x","volume":"23","author":"P Bercik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bercik P, Park AJ, Sinclair D et al (2011b) The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication. Neurogastroenterol Motil 23:1132\u20131139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"5232_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.07.005","volume":"179","author":"NS Betrapally","year":"2017","unstructured":"Betrapally NS, Gillevet PM, Bajaj JS (2017) Gut microbiome and liver disease. Transl Res 179:49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.07.005","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"5232_CR19","first-page":"163","volume":"38","author":"F Bishehsari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G et al (2017) Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation. Alcohol Res 38:163\u2013171","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5232_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.01.008","volume":"25","author":"YA Blednov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blednov YA, Benavidez JM, Geil C et al (2011) Activation of inflammatory signaling by lipopolysaccharide produces a prolonged increase of voluntary alcohol intake in mice. Brain Behav Immun 25(Suppl 1):S92\u2013S105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.01.008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5232_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00049","volume":"12","author":"B Bonaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonaz B, Bazin T, Pellissier S (2018) The vagus nerve at the interface of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 12:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00049","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263ra158","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759","volume":"6","author":"V Braniste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braniste V, Al-Asmakh M, Kowal C et al (2014) The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice. Sci Transl Med 6:263ra158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"5232_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","volume":"108","author":"JA Bravo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV et al (2011) Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:16050\u201316055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1102999108","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5232_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00044","volume":"9","author":"S Breit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G, Hasler G (2018) Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain-gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Front Psychiatry 9:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00044","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9303-6","volume":"6","author":"JM Breslow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Breslow JM, Monroy MA, Daly JM et al (2011) Morphine, but not trauma, sensitizes to systemic Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 6:551\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-011-9303-6","journal-title":"J NeuroImmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"5232_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053028","volume":"8","author":"L Bull-Otterson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bull-Otterson L, Feng W, Kirpich I et al (2013) Metagenomic analyses of alcohol induced pathogenic alterations in the intestinal microbiome and the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG treatment. PLoS One 8:e53028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0053028","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01881-x","volume":"9","author":"ES Calipari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calipari ES, Godino A, Peck EG et al (2018) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor controls neural and behavioral plasticity in response to cocaine. Nat Commun 9:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-01881-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5232_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c120023","volume":"3","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiang JYL (2013) Bile acid metabolism and signaling. Compr Physiol 3:1191\u20131212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c120023","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5232_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.043539.116","volume":"24","author":"JE Childs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Childs JE, DeLeon J, Nickel E, Kroener S (2017) Vagus nerve stimulation reduces cocaine seeking and alters plasticity in the extinction network. Learn Mem 24:35\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/lm.043539.116","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"5232_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEURO.2017.04.005","volume":"60","author":"C Cruz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cruz C, Meireles M, Silva SM (2017) Chronic ethanol intake induces partial microglial activation that is not reversed by long-term ethanol withdrawal in the rat hippocampal formation. Neurotoxicology 60:107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEURO.2017.04.005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5232_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","volume":"13","author":"John F. Cryan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cryan JF, Dinan TG (2012) Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3346","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"5232_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.020","volume":"95","author":"LM Biase De","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Biase LM, Schuebel KE, Fusfeld ZH et al (2017) Local cues establish and maintain region-specific phenotypes of basal ganglia microglia. Neuron 95:341\u2013356.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5232_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1107696","volume":"6","author":"P Timary de","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Timary P, Leclercq S, St\u00e4rkel P, Delzenne N (2015) A dysbiotic subpopulation of alcohol-dependent subjects. Gut Microbes 6:388\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2015.1107696","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"5232_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2017.04.013","volume":"122","author":"P Timary de","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Timary P, St\u00e4rkel P, Delzenne NM, Leclercq S (2017) A role for the peripheral immune system in the development of alcohol use disorders? Neuropharmacology 122:148\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2017.04.013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.025","volume":"137","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Baxter AJ, Lee YY et al (2014) The global epidemiology and burden of psychostimulant dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Drug Alcohol Depend 137:36\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.025","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"5232_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000750","volume":"22","author":"AK DeGruttola","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeGruttola AK, Low D, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E (2016) Current understanding of dysbiosis in disease in human and animal models. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22:1137\u20131150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000750","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"5232_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.03.002","volume":"23","author":"M Derrien","year":"2015","unstructured":"Derrien M, van Hylckama Vlieg JET (2015) Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol 23:354\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2015.03.002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010529108","volume":"108","author":"R Diaz Heijtz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diaz Heijtz R, Wang S, Anuar F et al (2011) Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:3047\u20133052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1010529108","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5232_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9019-1","volume":"1","author":"TK Eisenstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eisenstein TK, Rahim RT, Feng P et al (2006) Effects of opioid tolerance and withdrawal on the immune system. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 1:237\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-006-9019-1","journal-title":"J NeuroImmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"5232_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.1.4342.9285","volume":"37","author":"PA Engen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Engen PA, Green SJ, Voigt RM et al (2015) The gastrointestinal microbiome: alcohol effects on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Alcohol Res 37:223\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.4342.9285","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"5232_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","volume":"18","author":"D Erny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erny D, Hrab\u011b De Angelis AL, Jaitin D et al (2015) Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nat Neurosci 18:965\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4030","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.110","volume":"4","author":"JJ Faith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faith JJ, Rey FE, O\u2019Donnell D et al (2010) Creating and characterizing communities of human gut microbes in gnotobiotic mice. ISME J 4:1094\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2010.110","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"5232_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237439","volume":"341","author":"JJ Faith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Faith JJ, Guruge JL, Charbonneau M et al (2013) The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Science 341:1237439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1237439","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5232_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1806.06050","volume":"28","author":"Y Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan Y, Ya-E Z, Ji-Dong W et al (2018) Comparison of microbial diversity and composition in jejunum and colon of the alcohol-dependent rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 28:1883\u20131895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4014\/jmb.1806.06050","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"5232_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0078","volume":"28","author":"R Felipe Palma-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Felipe Palma-\u00c1lvarez R, Ros-Cucurull E, Amaro-Hosey K et al (2017) Peripheral levels of BDNF and opiate-use disorder: literature review and update. Rev Neurosci 28:499\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0078","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5221","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00208-06","volume":"74","author":"P Feng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feng P, Truant AL, Meissler JJ et al (2006) Morphine withdrawal lowers host defense to enteric bacteria: spontaneous sepsis and increased sensitivity to oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect Immun 74:5221\u20135226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00208-06","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"5232_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2329","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319284111","volume":"111","author":"EA Franzosa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franzosa EA, Morgan XC, Segata N et al (2014) Relating the metatranscriptome and metagenome of the human gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E2329\u2013E2338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1319284111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5232_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gacias M, Gaspari S, Santos P-MG, et al (2016) Microbiota-driven transcriptional changes in prefrontal cortex override genetic differences in social behavior. Elife 5:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.13442","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13442"},{"key":"5232_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00013","volume":"8","author":"J Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao J, Xu K, Liu H et al (2018) Impact of the gut microbiota on intestinal immunity mediated by tryptophan metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00013","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90192-2","volume":"108","author":"GR Gibson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Beatty ER, Wang X, Cummings JH (1995) Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human volon by oligofructose and inulin. Gastroenterology 108:975\u2013982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5232_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008791","volume":"5","author":"E Glattard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glattard E, Welters ID, Lavaux T et al (2010) Endogenous morphine levels are increased in sepsis: a partial implication of neutrophils. PLoS One 5:e8791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0008791","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21849","volume":"18","author":"NK Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta NK, Thaker AI, Kanuri N et al (2012) Serum analysis of tryptophan catabolism pathway: correlation with Crohn\u2019s disease activity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 18:1214\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.21849","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"5232_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049","volume":"175","author":"W Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han W, Tellez LA, Perkins MH et al (2018) A neural circuit for gut-induced reward in brief. Cell 175:665\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2002-16.2016","volume":"37","author":"RA Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris RA, Bajo M, Bell RL et al (2017) Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of TLR4 has minimal impact on ethanol consumption in rodents. J Neurosci 37:1139\u20131155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2002-16.2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0013-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"EA Heller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heller EA, Hamilton PJ, Burek DD et al (2016) Targeted epigenetic remodeling of the Cdk5 gene in nucleus accumbens regulates cocaine- and stress-evoked behavior. J Neurosci 36:4690\u20134697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0013-16.2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilburger ME, Adler MW, Truant AL et al (1997) Morphine induces sepsis in mice. J Infect Dis 176:183\u2013188","DOI":"10.1086\/514021"},{"key":"5232_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015","volume":"85","author":"Thomas Hillemacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hillemacher T, Bachmann O, Kahl KG, Frieling H (2018) Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e774","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.42","volume":"6","author":"AE Hoban","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoban AE, Stilling RM, Ryan FJ et al (2016) Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota. Transl Psychiatry 6:e774\u2013e774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.42","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5232_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14143","volume":"50","author":"Rebecca S. Hofford","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofford RS, Russo SJ, Kiraly DD (2018) Neuroimmune mechanisms of psychostimulant and opioid use disorders. Eur J Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14143","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"5232_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2018.08.026","volume":"141","author":"KS Jadhav","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jadhav KS, Peterson VL, Halfon O et al (2018) Gut microbiome correlates with altered striatal dopamine receptor expression in a model of compulsive alcohol seeking. Neuropharmacology 141:249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROPHARM.2018.08.026","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00155","volume":"11","author":"J Joseph","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joseph J, Depp C, Shih PB et al (2017) Modified Mediterranean diet for enrichment of short chain fatty acids: potential adjunctive therapeutic to target immune and metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia? Front Neurosci 11:155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2017.00155","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42658","volume":"7","author":"M Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang M, Mischel RA, Bhave S et al (2017) The effect of gut microbiome on tolerance to morphine mediated antinociception in mice. Sci Rep 7:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42658","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2015.0100","volume":"7","author":"A Kato-Kataoka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kato-Kataoka A, Nishida K, Takada M et al (2016) Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota prevents the onset of physical symptoms in medical students under academic examination stress. Benefic Microbes 7:153\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/BM2015.0100","journal-title":"Benefic Microbes"},{"key":"5232_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.04.008","volume":"26","author":"D Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly D, Conway S, Aminov R (2005) Commensal gut bacteria: mechanisms of immune modulation. Trends Immunol 26:326\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2005.04.008","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"5232_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00392","volume":"9","author":"JR Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly JR, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF et al (2015) Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 9:392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2015.00392","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3354","volume":"16","author":"PJ Kennedy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kennedy PJ, Feng J, Robison AJ et al (2013) Class I HDAC inhibition blocks cocaine-induced plasticity by targeted changes in histone methylation. Nat Neurosci 16:434\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3354","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.028","volume":"50","author":"A Keshavarzian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Farhadi A, Forsyth CB et al (2009) Evidence that chronic alcohol exposure promotes intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia prior to development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. J Hepatol 50:538\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.028","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5232_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35455","volume":"6","author":"DD Kiraly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kiraly DD, Walker DM, Calipari ES et al (2016) Alterations of the host microbiome affect behavioral responses to cocaine. Sci Rep 6:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep35455","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006","volume":"42","author":"IA Kirpich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kirpich IA, Solovieva NV, Leikhter SN et al (2008) Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study. Alcohol 42:675\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.08.006","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"5232_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","volume":"165","author":"A Koh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, B\u00e4ckhed F (2016) From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell 165:1332\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CELREP.2018.03.109","volume":"23","author":"S Krishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krishnan S, Ding Y, Saedi N et al (2018) Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites modulate inflammatory response in hepatocytes and macrophages. Cell Rep 23:1099\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CELREP.2018.03.109","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.01.051","volume":"601","author":"EJ Kyzar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kyzar EJ, Pandey SC (2015) Molecular mechanisms of synaptic remodeling in alcoholism. Neurosci Lett 601:11\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.01.051","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5232_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.82","volume":"42","author":"MJ Lacagnina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lacagnina MJ, Kopec AM, Cox SS et al (2017) Opioid self-administration is attenuated by early-life experience and gene therapy for anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the nucleus accumbens of male rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 42:2128\u20132140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2017.82","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ALCOHOL.2017.06.002","volume":"65","author":"M Lainiola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lainiola M, Linden A-M (2017) Alcohol intake in two different mouse drinking models after recovery from the lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness reaction. Alcohol 65:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ALCOHOL.2017.06.002","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"5232_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G907","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.4.G907","volume":"281","author":"S Lal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lal S, Kirkup AJ, Brunsden AM et al (2001) Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281:G907\u2013G915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.4.G907","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"5232_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200007000-00019","volume":"232","author":"RS Laughlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Laughlin RS, Musch MW, Hollbrook CJ et al (2000) The key role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-I lectin on experimental gut-derived sepsis. Ann Surg 232:133\u2013142","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5232_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.04.001","volume":"26","author":"Sophie Leclercq","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leclercq S, Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, et al (2012) Role of intestinal permeability and inflammation in the biological and behavioral control of alcohol-dependent subjects. 26:911\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.04.001","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"5232_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.02.003","volume":"76","author":"S Leclercq","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leclercq S, De Saeger C, Delzenne N et al (2014a) Role of inflammatory pathways, blood mononuclear cells, and gut-derived bacterial products in alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry 76:725\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.02.003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415174111","volume":"111","author":"S Leclercq","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leclercq S, Matamoros S, Cani PD et al (2014b) Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:E4485\u2013E4493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1415174111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"5232_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0211-9","volume":"43","author":"Kevin Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee K, Vuong HE, Nusbaum DJ et al (2018) The gut microbiota mediates reward and sensory responses associated with regimen-selective morphine dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-018-0211-9","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lefebvre P, Cariou B, Lien F, et al (2009) Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00010.2008.-The","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2008.-The"},{"key":"5232_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.284091.116","volume":"30","author":"M Levy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levy M, Thaiss CA, Elinav E (2016) Metabolites: messengers between the microbiota and the immune system. Genes Dev 30:1589\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gad.284091.116","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"5232_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.030","volume":"90","author":"GM Lewitus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewitus GM, Konefal SC, Greenhalgh AD et al (2016) Microglial TNF-\u03b1 suppresses cocaine-induced plasticity and behavioral sensitization. Neuron 90:483\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.030","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5232_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.11.018","volume":"279","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li X, Wolf ME (2015) Multiple faces of BDNF in cocaine addiction. Behav Brain Res 279:240\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.11.018","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5232_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00314","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Z, Quan G, Jiang X et al (2018) Effects of metabolites derived from gut microbiota and hosts on pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00314","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9118-1","volume":"24","author":"M Maes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maes M, Yirmyia R, Noraberg J et al (2009) The inflammatory & neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression: leads for future research and new drug developments in depression. Metab Brain Dis 24:27\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9118-1","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"5232_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.032","volume":"67","author":"M Malvaez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malvaez M, Sanchis-Segura C, Vo D et al (2010) Modulation of chromatin modification facilitates extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. Biol Psychiatry 67:36\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.032","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054040","volume":"8","author":"J Meng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meng J, Yu H, Ma J et al (2013) Morphine induces bacterial translocation in mice by compromising intestinal barrier function in a TLR-dependent manner. PLoS One 8:e54040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0054040","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10918","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10918","volume":"5","author":"J Meng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng J, Banerjee S, Li D et al (2015a) Opioid exacerbation of gram-positive sepsis, induced by gut microbial modulation, is rescued by IL-17A neutralization. Sci Rep 5:10918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep10918","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00643","volume":"6","author":"J Meng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng J, Sindberg GM, Roy S (2015b) Disruption of gut homeostasis by opioids accelerates HIV disease progression. Front Microbiol 6:643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00643","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004319","volume":"105","author":"M Messaoudi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N et al (2011a) Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Br J Nutr 105:755\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114510004319","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"5232_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.2.4.16108","volume":"2","author":"M Messaoudi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Messaoudi M, Violle N, Bisson J-F et al (2011b) Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes 2:256\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/gmic.2.4.16108","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"5232_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710902010076","volume":"2","author":"JJ Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miguel-Hidalgo JJ (2009) The role of glial cells in drug abuse. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2:76\u201382","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"5232_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","volume":"7","author":"DJ Morrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morrison DJ, Preston T (2016) Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism. Gut Microbes 7:189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"5232_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249288","volume":"343","author":"A Mortha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mortha A, Chudnovskiy A, Hashimoto D et al (2014) Microbiota-dependent crosstalk between macrophages and ILC3 promotes intestinal homeostasis. Science 343:1249288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1249288","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5232_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","volume":"380","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R et al (2012) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet (London, England) 380:2197\u20132223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"5232_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","volume":"33","author":"E Mutlu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mutlu E, Keshavarzian A, Engen P et al (2009) Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33:1836\u20131846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"5232_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G966","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00380.2011","volume":"302","author":"Ece A. Mutlu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mutlu EA, Gillevet PM, Rangwala H, et al (2012) Colonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism. 302:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00380.2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"5232_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01620","volume":"8","author":"T Ning","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ning T, Gong X, Xie L, Ma B (2017) Gut microbiota analysis in rats with methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. Front Microbiol 8:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01620","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPSYCH.2006.10.009","volume":"62","author":"M Niwa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Niwa M, Nitta A, Yamada Y et al (2007) Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and its inducer inhibit morphine-induced rewarding effects and sensitization. Biol Psychiatry 62:658\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPSYCH.2006.10.009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.177","volume":"20","author":"AL Northcutt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Northcutt AL, Hutchinson MR, Wang X et al (2015) DAT isn\u2019t all that: cocaine reward and reinforcement require toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Mol Psychiatry 20:1525\u20131537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2014.177","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400731","volume":"7","author":"AM O\u2019Hara","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara AM, Shanahan F (2006) The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep 7:688\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.embor.7400731","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Mahony SM, Clarke G, Borre YE, et al (2015) Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav Brain Res 277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.027"},{"key":"5232_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.12.016","volume":"149","author":"FM Ocasio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ocasio FM, Jiang Y, House SD, Chang SL (2004) Chronic morphine accelerates the progression of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis to septic shock. J Neuroimmunol 149:90\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.12.016","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"5232_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798220918","volume":"17","author":"W Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan W, Stone KP, Hsuchou H et al (2011) Cytokine signaling modulates blood-brain barrier function. Curr Pharm Des 17:3729\u20133740","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"5232_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.020","volume":"79","author":"SC Pandey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pandey SC (2016) A critical role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in alcohol consumption. Biol Psychiatry 79:427\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.005","volume":"150","author":"G Parthasarathy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parthasarathy G, Chen J, Chen X et al (2016) Relationship between microbiota of the colonic mucosa vs feces and symptoms, colonic transit, and methane production in female patients with chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 150:367\u201379.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5232_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.03.016","volume":"426","author":"CJ Pe\u00f1a","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a CJ, Bagot RC, Labont\u00e9 B, Nestler EJ (2014) Epigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders. J Mol Biol 426:3389\u20133412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.03.016","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"5232_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.049","volume":"323","author":"VL Peterson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peterson VL, Jury NJ, Cabrera-Rubio R et al (2017) Drunk bugs: chronic vapour alcohol exposure induces marked changes in the gut microbiome in mice. Behav Brain Res 323:172\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.049","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5232_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23009","volume":"50","author":"R Rao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rao R (2009) Endotoxemia and gut barrier dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 50:638\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5232_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rao RK, Seth A, Sheth P (2004) Recent advances in alcoholic liver disease I. Role of intestinal permeability and endotoxemia in alcoholic liver disease https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00006.2004.-A","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00006.2004.-A"},{"key":"5232_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2009.07.007","volume":"153","author":"HE Raybould","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raybould HE (2010) Gut chemosensing: interactions between gut endocrine cells and visceral afferents. Auton Neurosci 153:41\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2009.07.007","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2006682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006682","volume":"16","author":"IA Reddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reddy IA, Smith NK, Erreger K et al (2018) Bile diversion, a bariatric surgery, and bile acid signaling reduce central cocaine reward. PLoS Biol 16:e2006682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006682","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5232_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-259598","volume":"29","author":"Christopher S. Reigstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reigstad CS, Salmonson CE, Rainey JF, et al (2015) Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells. FASEB J 29:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.14-259598","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"5232_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.35","volume":"6","author":"SH Rhee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhee SH, Pothoulakis C, Mayer EA (2009) Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 6:306\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.35","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5232_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19850038","volume":"53","author":"M Riottot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Riottot M, Sacquet E (1985) Increase in the ileal absorption rate of sodium taurocholate in germ-free or conventional rats given an amylomaize-starch diet. Br J Nutr 53:307\u2013310","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"5232_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4","volume":"9","author":"HM Roager","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roager HM, Licht TR (2018) Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease. Nat Commun 9:3294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-05470-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5232_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.154","volume":"38","author":"GA Rogge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogge GA, Wood MA (2013) The role of histone acetylation in cocaine-induced neural plasticity and behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 38:94\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2012.154","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9342","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0379-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"P Romieu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romieu P, Host L, Gobaille S et al (2008) Histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease cocaine but not sucrose self-administration in rats. J Neurosci 28:9342\u20139348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0379-08.2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911795017317","volume":"9","author":"P Romieu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Romieu P, Deschatrettes E, Host L et al (2011) The inhibition of histone deacetylases reduces the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Curr Neuropharmacol 9:21\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157015911795017317","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"5232_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4106","volume":"22","author":"V Rothhammer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rothhammer V, Mascanfroni ID, Bunse L et al (2016) Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Nat Med 22:586\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4106","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"5232_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006426","volume":"13","author":"DR Samuelson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samuelson DR, Shellito JE, Maffei VJ et al (2017) Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis impairs pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. PLoS Pathog 13:e1006426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006426","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"5232_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.10.002","volume":"179","author":"KV Sandhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandhu KV, Sherwin E, Schellekens H et al (2017) Feeding the microbiota-gut-brain axis: diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry. Transl Res 179:223\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.10.002","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"5232_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.09.002","volume":"39","author":"A Sarkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S et al (2016) Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria-gut-brain signals. Trends Neurosci 39:763\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2016.09.002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"5232_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","volume":"17","author":"SI Sayin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sayin SI, Wahlstr\u00f6m A, Felin J et al (2013) Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of Tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist. Cell Metab 17:225\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5232_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.09.012","volume":"23","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schafer DP, Stevens B (2013) Phagocytic glial cells: sculpting synaptic circuits in the developing nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 23:1034\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2013.09.012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"5232_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a020545","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020545","volume":"7","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schafer DP, Stevens B (2015) Microglia function in central nervous system development and plasticity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7:a020545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a020545","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"5232_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.020","volume":"167","author":"M Schirmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schirmer M, Smeekens SP, Vlamakis H et al (2016) Linking the human gut microbiome to inflammatory cytokine production capacity. Cell 167:1125\u20131136.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","volume":"146","author":"B Schnabl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schnabl B, Brenner DA (2014) Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology 146:1513\u20131524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5232_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9936-9","volume":"35","author":"C Scorza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scorza C, Piccini C, Busi MM et al (2019) Alterations in the gut microbiota of rats chronically exposed to volatilized cocaine and its active adulterants caffeine and phenacetin. Neurotox Res 35:111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-018-9936-9","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"5232_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.2015.985203","volume":"20","author":"D Shorter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shorter D, Domingo CB, Kosten TR (2015) Emerging drugs for the treatment of cocaine use disorder: a review of neurobiological targets and pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 20:15\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14728214.2015.985203","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"5232_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-018-9805-6","volume":"14","author":"Gregory M. Sindberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sindberg GM, Callen SE, Banerjee S et al (2018) Morphine potentiates dysbiotic microbial and metabolic shifts in acute SIV infection. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-018-9805-6","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"},{"key":"5232_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","volume":"15","author":"RK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh RK, Chang H-W, Yan D et al (2017) Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med 15:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"5232_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.05.021","volume":"93","author":"PD Skosnik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skosnik PD, Cortes-Briones JA (2016) Targeting the ecology within: the role of the gut-brain axis and human microbiota in drug addiction. Med Hypotheses 93:77\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.05.021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"5232_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.013","volume":"24","author":"RF Slykerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slykerman RF, Hood F, Wickens K et al (2017) Effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in pregnancy on postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. EBioMedicine 24:159\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.013","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"5232_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045251","volume":"7","author":"TH Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith TH, Grider JR, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI (2012) Morphine decreases enteric neuron excitability via inhibition of sodium channels. PLoS One 7:e45251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0045251","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165","volume":"341","author":"PM Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N et al (2013) The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science 341:569\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1241165","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"5232_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy103","volume":"24","author":"M Anthony Sofia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sofia MA, Ciorba MA, Meckel K et al (2018) Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway is associated with endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izy103","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"key":"5232_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1349098","volume":"18","author":"M Soyka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soyka M, M\u00fcller CA (2017) Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism\u2014an update on approved and off-label medications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 18:1187\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2017.1349098","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"5232_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S237","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S355","volume":"32","author":"B Staels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Staels B, Fonseca VA (2009) Bile acids and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical responses to bile acid sequestration. Diabetes Care 32(Suppl 2):S237\u2013S245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-S355","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"5232_CR141","first-page":"383","volume":"26","author":"F Stain-Texier","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stain-Texier F, Sandouk P, Scherrmann J-M (1998) Intestinal absorption and stability of morphine 6-glucuronide in different physiological compartments of the rat. Drug Metab Dispos 26:383\u2013387","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"5232_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBI.2015.04.003","volume":"48","author":"L Steenbergen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S et al (2015) A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun 48:258\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBI.2015.04.003","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5232_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12109","volume":"13","author":"RM Stilling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stilling RM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2014) Microbial genes, brain & behaviour\u2014epigenetic regulation of the gut-brain axis. Genes, Brain Behav 13:69\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gbb.12109","journal-title":"Genes, Brain Behav"},{"key":"5232_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00238","volume":"5","author":"L Subedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Subedi L, Huang H, Pant A et al (2017) Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in newborn infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Front Pediatr 5:238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2017.00238","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"5232_CR145","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2016) Facing addiction in America: the surgeon general\u2019s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. In: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) O of the SG (ed) Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General\u2019s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. HHS, Washington (DC), p ch. 6"},{"key":"5232_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388","volume":"558","author":"N Sudo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sudo N, Chida Y, Aiba Y et al (2004) Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice. J Physiol 558:263\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5232_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.08.001","volume":"1","author":"J Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun J, Chang EB (2014) Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease: pushing the envelope. Genes Dis 1:132\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2014.08.001","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"5232_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.03.003","volume":"618","author":"J Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun J, Wang F, Hong G et al (2016) Antidepressant-like effects of sodium butyrate and its possible mechanisms of action in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Neurosci Lett 618:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5232_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx024","volume":"52","author":"JE Temko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Temko JE, Bouhlal S, Farokhnia M et al (2017) The microbiota, the gut and the brain in eating and alcohol use disorders: a \u201cm\u00e9nage \u00e0 trois\u201d. Alcohol Alcohol 52:403\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agx024","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"5232_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.042","volume":"172","author":"MS Thion","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thion MS, Low D, Silvin A et al (2018) Microbiome influences prenatal and adult microglia in a sex-specific manner. Cell 172:500\u2013516.e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.11.042","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02906.x","volume":"92","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Kuhn DM (2005) Attenuated microglial activation mediates tolerance to the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine. J Neurochem 92:790\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02906.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5232_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEULET.2004.06.065","volume":"367","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Dowgiert J, Geddes TJ et al (2004a) Microglial activation is a pharmacologically specific marker for the neurotoxic amphetamines. Neurosci Lett 367:349\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEULET.2004.06.065","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5232_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.070961","volume":"311","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Walker PD, Benjamins JA et al (2004b) Methamphetamine neurotoxicity in dopamine nerve endings of the striatum is associated with microglial activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.104.070961","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"5232_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","volume":"15","author":"A Tripathi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA et al (2018) The gut\u2013liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:397\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5232_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6ra14","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","volume":"1","author":"PJ Turnbaugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turnbaugh PJ, Ridaura VK, Faith JJ et al (2009) The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. Sci Transl Med 1:6ra14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"5232_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2183\/PJAB.90.313","volume":"90","author":"Y Umesaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umesaki Y (2014) Use of gnotobiotic mice to identify and characterize key microbes responsible for the development of the intestinal immune system. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 90:313\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2183\/PJAB.90.313","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"key":"5232_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.001","volume":"146","author":"LK Ursell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ursell LK, Haiser HJ, Van Treuren W et al (2014) The intestinal metabolome: an intersection between microbiota and host. Gastroenterology 146:1470\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5232_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.240481","volume":"147","author":"M Wouw van de","year":"2017","unstructured":"van de Wouw M, Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2017) Microbiota-gut-brain axis: modulator of host metabolism and appetite. J Nutr 147:727\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.116.240481","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5232_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3793","volume":"12","author":"L V\u00e9csei","year":"2013","unstructured":"V\u00e9csei L, Szal\u00e1rdy L, F\u00fcl\u00f6p F, Toldi J (2013) Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12:64\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3793","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"5232_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20466","volume":"21","author":"FJ Verdam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verdam FJ, Fuentes S, De Jonge C et al (2013) Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity. Obesity 21:607\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.20466","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"5232_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0156-3","volume":"4","author":"C Vincent","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vincent C, Miller MA, Edens TJ et al (2016) Bloom and bust: intestinal microbiota dynamics in response to hospital exposures and Clostridium difficile colonization or infection. Microbiome 4:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-016-0156-3","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"5232_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.347","volume":"75","author":"GE Volpe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Volpe GE, Ward H, Mwamburi M et al (2014) Associations of cocaine use and HIV infection with the intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and inflammation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 75:347\u2013357","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"5232_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11030063","volume":"11","author":"B Waclawikov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Waclawikov\u00e1 B, El Aidy S, Waclawikov\u00e1 B, El Aidy S (2018) Role of microbiota and tryptophan metabolites in the remote effect of intestinal inflammation on brain and depression. Pharmaceuticals 11:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph11030063","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"5232_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","volume":"24","author":"A Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wahlstr\u00f6m A, Sayin SI, Marschall H-U, B\u00e4ckhed F (2016) Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on Host metabolism. Cell Metab 24:41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5232_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0413-7","volume":"329","author":"F-B Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang F-B, Powley TL (2007) Vagal innervation of intestines: afferent pathways mapped with new en bloc horseradish peroxidase adaptation. Cell Tissue Res 329:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-007-0413-7","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"5232_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623316679898","volume":"45","author":"F Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang F, Roy S (2017) Gut homeostasis, microbial dysbiosis, and opioids. Toxicol Pathol 45:150\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623316679898","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"5232_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21915-8","volume":"8","author":"F Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang F, Meng J, Zhang L et al (2018a) Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model. Sci Rep 8:3596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21915-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5232_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01874","volume":"9","author":"G Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang G, Liu Q, Guo L et al (2018b) Gut microbiota and relevant metabolites analysis in alcohol dependent mice. Front Microbiol 9:1874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01874","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5232_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.46","volume":"21","author":"M-L Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong M-L, Inserra A, Lewis MD et al (2016) Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition. Mol Psychiatry 21:797\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.46","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4345","volume":"23","author":"H Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu H, Esteve E, Tremaroli V et al (2017) Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med 23:850\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4345","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"5232_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXLET.2018.01.021","volume":"287","author":"H Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao H, Ge C, Feng G et al (2018) Gut microbiota modulates alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in mice. Toxicol Lett 287:23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TOXLET.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"5232_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03706-9","volume":"7","author":"Y Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu Y, Xie Z, Wang H et al (2017) Bacterial diversity of intestinal microbiota in patients with substance use disorders revealed by 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing. Sci Rep 7:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-03706-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5232_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1469","volume":"45","author":"Zheng Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu Z, Wang C, Dong X et al (2018) Chronic alcohol exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and its correlations with neuropsychic behaviors and brain BDNF\/Gabra1 changes in mice. BioFactors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.1469","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"5232_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24018","volume":"53","author":"AW Yan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yan AW, Fouts DE, Brandl J et al (2011) Enteric dysbiosis associated with a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 53:96\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.24018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5232_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047","volume":"161","author":"Jessica\u00a0M. Yano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yano JM, Yu K, Donaldson GP, et al (2015) Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis. Cell 161:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5232_CR176","first-page":"18","volume":"6","author":"A Yarlagadda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yarlagadda A, Alfson E, Clayton AH (2009) The blood brain barrier and the role of cytokines in neuropsychiatry. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 6:18\u201322","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"5232_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zallar LJ, Beurmann S, Tunstall BJ et al (2018) Ghrelin receptor deletion reduces binge-like alcohol drinking in rats. J Neuroendocrinol:e12663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.12663","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12663"},{"key":"5232_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PNPBP.2006.05.015","volume":"30","author":"L Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang L, Kitaichi K, Fujimoto Y et al (2006) Protective effects of minocycline on behavioral changes and neurotoxicity in mice after administration of methamphetamine. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 30:1381\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PNPBP.2006.05.015","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15367","volume":"525","author":"D Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang D, Chen G, Manwani D et al (2015) Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome. Nature 525:528\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature15367","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5232_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190362","volume":"13","author":"R Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang R, Meng J, Lian Q et al (2018) Prescription opioids are associated with higher mortality in patients diagnosed with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. PLoS One 13:e0190362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190362","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5232_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44","volume":"21","author":"P Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng P, Zeng B, Zhou C et al (2016) Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host\u2019s metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 21:786\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.44","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5232_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369","volume":"352","author":"A Zhernakova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ et al (2016) Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science 352:565\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad3369","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5232_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00082.2014","volume":"46","author":"L Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu L, Liu W, Alkhouri R et al (2014) Structural changes in the gut microbiome of constipated patients. Physiol Genomics 46:679\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00082.2014","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"5232_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zuo Z, Fan H, Tang X et al (2017) Effect of different treatments and alcohol addiction on gut microbiota in minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients. Exp Ther Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5141","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.5141"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T09:30:56Z","timestamp":1607247056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]]},"references-count":184,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-019-05232-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}