{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:41:25Z","timestamp":1778503285776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA034721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA034721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DA007244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DA007244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 DA047054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 DA047054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DGE-1144081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1144081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1598630626000},"page":"3653-3664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dorsal hippocampal interleukin-1 signaling mediates heroin withdrawal-enhanced fear learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Shveta V.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline E.","family":"Paniccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Lebonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald T.","family":"Lysle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"5645_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.013","volume":"60","author":"BA Barres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barres BA (2008) The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease. Neuron 60:430\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"5645_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.05.013","volume":"141","author":"AM Benediktsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benediktsson AM, Schachtele SJ, Green SH, Dailey ME (2005) Ballistic labeling and dynamic imaging of astrocytes in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J Neurosci Methods 141:41\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.05.013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"5645_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1306563","volume":"52","author":"AS Bennett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bennett AS, Elliott L, Golub A, Wolfson-Stofko B, Guarino H (2017) Opioid-involved overdose among male Afghanistan\/Iraq-Era U.S. military veterans: a multidimensional perspective. Subst Use Misuse 52:1701\u20131711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2017.1306563","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"5645_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.01.014","volume":"23","author":"ST Bland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bland ST, Hutchinson MR, Maier SF, Watkins LR, Johnson KW (2009) The glial activation inhibitor AV411 reduces morphine-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release. Brain Behav Immun 23:492\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.01.014","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5645_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","volume":"8","author":"ML Block","year":"2007","unstructured":"Block ML, Zecca L, Hong JS (2007) Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:57\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2038","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5645_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.3.369","volume":"153","author":"JD Bremner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bremner JD, Southwick SM, Darnell A, Charney DS (1996) Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse. Am J Psychiatry 153:369\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.153.3.369","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.42.2.b","volume":"42","author":"M Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen M, Meir T, Klein E, Volpin G, Assaf M, Pollack S (2011) Cytokine levels as potential biomarkers for predicting the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in casualties of accidents. Int J Psychiatry Med 42:117\u2013131","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"5645_CR8","first-page":"331","volume":"37","author":"FT Crews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crews FT, Sarkar DK, Qin L, Zou J, Boyadjieva N, Vetreno RP (2015) Neuroimmune function and the consequences of alcohol exposure. Alcohol Res 37:331\u2013341 344-351","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"5645_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20262","volume":"53","author":"N El-Hage","year":"2006","unstructured":"El-Hage N et al (2006) HIV-1 Tat and opiate-induced changes in astrocytes promote chemotaxis of microglia through the expression of MCP-1 and alternative chemokines. Glia 53:132\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20262","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"5645_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx075","volume":"25","author":"EP Finley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Finley EP, Schneegans S, Tami C, Pugh MJ, McGeary D, Penney L, Sharpe Potter J (2018) Implementing prescription drug monitoring and other clinical decision support for opioid risk mitigation in a military health care setting: a qualitative feasibility study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 25:515\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocx075","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"5645_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv077","volume":"19","author":"D Garcia-Perez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia-Perez D, Laorden ML, Milanes MV (2015) Regulation of pleiotrophin, midkine, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta\/zeta, and their intracellular signaling cascades in the nucleus accumbens during opiate administration. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 19:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv077","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"5645_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9631-2","volume":"54","author":"D Garcia-Perez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia-Perez D, Laorden ML, Milanes MV (2017) Acute morphine, chronic morphine, and morphine withdrawal differently affect pleiotrophin, midkine, and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta\/zeta regulation in the ventral tegmental area. Mol Neurobiol 54:495\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-015-9631-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"5645_CR13","first-page":"536","volume":"205","author":"VF Gellert","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gellert VF, Holtzman SG (1978) Development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and dependence in the rat by scheduled access to morphine drinking solutions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 205:536\u2013546","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"5645_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12313","volume":"590","author":"S Gessi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gessi S, Borea PA, Bencivenni S, Fazzi D, Varani K, Merighi S (2016) The activation of mu-opioid receptor potentiates LPS-induced NF-kB promoting an inflammatory phenotype in microglia. FEBS Lett 590:2813\u20132826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.12313","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"5645_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00229.x","volume":"45","author":"JM Gill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gill JM, Saligan L, Woods S, Page G (2009) PTSD is associated with an excess of inflammatory immune activities. Perspect Psychiatr Care 45:262\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00229.x","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"5645_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-40","volume":"13","author":"H Gola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gola H, Engler H, Sommershof A, Adenauer H, Kolassa S, Schedlowski M, Groettrup M, Elbert T, Kolassa IT (2013) Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with an enhanced spontaneous production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC psychiatry 13:40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-13-40","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004","volume":"32","author":"I Goshen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goshen I et al (2007) A dual role for interleukin-1 in hippocampal-dependent memory processes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:1106\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"5645_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goshen I, Yirmiya R (2009) Interleukin-1 (IL-1): a central regulator of stress responses Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 30:30-45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2008.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2008.10.001"},{"key":"5645_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602070113","volume":"113","author":"PM Grace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grace PM et al (2016) Morphine paradoxically prolongs neuropathic pain in rats by amplifying spinal NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E3441\u2013E3450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1602070113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5645_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60048-0","volume":"5","author":"M Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo M, Liu T, Guo JC, Jiang XL, Chen F, Gao YS (2012) Study on serum cytokine levels in posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5:323\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60048-0","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"5645_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10161","volume":"40","author":"UK Hanisch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hanisch UK (2002) Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 40:140\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.10161","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"5645_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3204","volume":"15","author":"A Holmes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holmes A et al (2012) Chronic alcohol remodels prefrontal neurons and disrupts NMDAR-mediated fear extinction encoding. Nat Neurosci 15:1359\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3204","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5645_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.05.004","volume":"22","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR et al (2008a) Proinflammatory cytokines oppose opioid-induced acute and chronic analgesia. Brain Behav Immun 22:1178\u20131189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.05.004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5645_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.012","volume":"23","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR et al (2009) Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast). Brain Behav Immun 23:240\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5645_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.07.008","volume":"22","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR et al (2008b) Minocycline suppresses morphine-induced respiratory depression, suppresses morphine-induced reward, and enhances systemic morphine-induced analgesia. Brain Behav Immun 22:1248\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.07.008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5645_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1184","volume":"158","author":"LK Jacobsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacobsen LK, Southwick SM, Kosten TR (2001) Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature. Am J Psychiatry 158:1184\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1184","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.317","volume":"40","author":"ME Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones ME, Lebonville CL, Barrus D, Lysle DT (2015) The role of brain interleukin-1 in stress-enhanced fear learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 40:1289\u20131296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2014.317","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5645_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.09.016","volume":"67","author":"ME Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones ME, Lebonville CL, Paniccia JE, Balentine ME, Reissner KJ, Lysle DT (2017) Hippocampal interleukin-1 mediates stress-enhanced fear learning: a potential role for astrocyte-derived interleukin-1\u03b2 Brain. Behavior, and Immunity 67:355\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.09.016","journal-title":"Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"5645_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jones ME, Paniccia JE, Lebonville CL, Reissner KJ, Lysle DT (2018) Chemogenetic manipulation of dorsal hippocampal astrocytes protects against the development of stress-enhanced fear learning Neuroscience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.015"},{"key":"5645_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10290","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0715-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"J Kaufling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaufling J, Aston-Jones G (2015) Persistent adaptations in afferents to ventral tegmental dopamine neurons after opiate withdrawal. J Neurosci 35:10290\u201310303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0715-15.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5645_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koo JW, Duman RS (2009) Interleukin-1 receptor null mutant mice show decreased anxiety-like behavior and enhanced fear memory Neurosci Lett 456:39-43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.068"},{"key":"5645_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.121","volume":"42","author":"MJ Lacagnina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lacagnina MJ, Rivera PD, Bilbo SD (2018) Glial and neuroimmune mechanisms as critical modulators of drug use and abuse. Neuropsychopharmacology 42:156\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2016.121","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"5645_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.016","volume":"25","author":"L Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu L, Coller JK, Watkins LR, Somogyi AA, Hutchinson MR (2011) Naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal behavior and brain IL-1beta expression: comparison of different mouse strains. Brain Behav Immun 25:1223\u20131232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"5645_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00131-0","volume":"45","author":"M Maes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maes M, Lin AH, Delmeire L, Van Gastel A, Kenis G, De Jongh R, Bosmans E (1999) Elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder following accidental man-made traumatic events. Biol Psychiatry 45:833\u2013839","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-019-00491-4","volume":"35","author":"MT Mansouri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mansouri MT, Naghizadeh B, Ghorbanzadeh B, Amirgholami N, Houshmand G, Alboghobeish S (2020) Venlafaxine inhibits naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms: Role of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Metab Brain Dis 35:305\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-019-00491-4","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"5645_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12006","volume":"19","author":"JL McCauley","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCauley JL, Killeen T, Gros DF, Brady KT, Back SE (2012) Posttraumatic stress disorder and co-occurring substance use disorders: advances in assessment and treatment. Clin Psychol (New York) 19:19\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpsp.12006","journal-title":"Clin Psychol (New York)"},{"key":"5645_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.910519","volume":"40","author":"A Meier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meier A, Lambert-Harris C, McGovern MP, Xie H, An M, McLeman B (2014) Co-occurring prescription opioid use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 40:304\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00952990.2014.910519","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"5645_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00665","volume":"13","author":"SJ O'Sullivan","year":"2019","unstructured":"O'Sullivan SJ et al (2019) Single-cell glia and neuron gene expression in the central amygdala in opioid withdrawal suggests inflammation with correlated gut dysbiosis. Front Neurosci 13:665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00665","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"5645_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00309-0","volume":"2","author":"IC Passos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Passos IC et al (2015) Inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Lancet Psychiatry 2:1002\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00309-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1647","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.1647","volume":"9","author":"RS Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel RS, Elmaadawi A, Nasr S, Haskin J (2017) Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid dependence. Cureus 9:e1647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.1647","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5645_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.010","volume":"29","author":"V Rau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rau V, DeCola JP, Fanselow MS (2005) Stress-induced enhancement of fear learning: an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:1207\u20131223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"5645_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reiss D, Maduna T, Maurin H, Audouard E, Gaveriaux-Ruff C (2020) Mu opioid receptor in microglia contributes to morphine analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and withdrawal in mice. J Neurosci Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.24626","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24626"},{"key":"5645_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001921","volume":"12","author":"MN Silverman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silverman MN, Macdougall MG, Hu F, Pace TW, Raison CL, Miller AH (2007) Endogenous glucocorticoids protect against TNF-alpha-induced increases in anxiety-like behavior in virally infected mice. Mol Psychiatry 12:408\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mp.4001921","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932757","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/932757","volume":"2014","author":"M Stepanichev","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stepanichev M, Dygalo NN, Grigoryan G, Shishkina GT, Gulyaeva N (2014) Rodent models of depression: neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory biomarkers. Biomed Res Int 2014:932757\u2013932720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/932757","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5645_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Testen A, Kim R, Reissner KJ (2020) High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of individual astrocytes using confocal microscopy. Curr Protoc Neurosci 91, e92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpns.92","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.92"},{"key":"5645_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.54","volume":"67","author":"JL Thomas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thomas JL, Wilk JE, Riviere LA, McGurk D, Castro CA, Hoge CW (2010) Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component and National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:614\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.54","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"5645_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05756.x","volume":"108","author":"J Turchan-Cholewo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turchan-Cholewo J, Dimayuga FO, Gupta S, Keller JN, Knapp PE, Hauser KF, Bruce-Keller AJ (2009) Morphine and HIV-Tat increase microglial-free radical production and oxidative stress: possible role in cytokine regulation. J Neurochem 108:202\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05756.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"5645_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.048","volume":"256","author":"L Xia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xia L, Zhai M, Wang L, Miao D, Zhu X, Wang W (2013) FGF2 blocks PTSD symptoms via an astrocyte-based mechanism. Behav Brain Res 256:472\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.048","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5645_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1091-3","volume":"38","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Leri F, Ho A, Kreek MJ (2013) Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by acute heroin challenge in rats during acute and chronic withdrawal from chronic heroin administration. Neurochem Res 38:1850\u20131860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-013-1091-3","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T23:21:39Z","timestamp":1630106499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05645-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were conducted in accordance with federal guidelines and with approval from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}