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However, most prior preclinical studies have been centered in male rodents, traditionally excluding females from these analyses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To ascertain the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of adolescent cocaine exposure when the combination of several risk factors is present (female, early-life stress).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Whole litters of Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were exposed to maternal deprivation for 24\u00a0h on postnatal day (PND) 9. Cocaine was administered in adolescence (15\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, i.p., PND 33\u201339). Negative affect was assessed by several behavioral tests (forced swim, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding, sucrose preference). Hippocampal cell fate markers were evaluated by western blot (FADD, Bax, cytochrome c) or immunohistochemistry (Ki-67; cell proliferation).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Maternal deprivation is a suitable model of psychiatric vulnerability in which to study the impact of adolescent cocaine in female rats. While adolescent cocaine did not alter affective-like behavior during adolescence, a pro-depressive\u2013like state emerged during adulthood, exclusively in rats re-exposed to cocaine during abstinence. FADD regulation by cocaine in early-life stressed female rats might contribute to certain hippocampal neuroadaptations with some significance to the observed induced negative affect.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress, highlighting the risk of early drug initiation during adolescence for the emergence of negative reinforcement during abstinence likely driving cocaine addiction vulnerability, also in female rats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05955-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T16:04:44Z","timestamp":1629821084000},"page":"3399-3410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Adolescent cocaine induced persistent negative affect in female rats exposed to early-life stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Bis-Humbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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