{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:52:25Z","timestamp":1790679145118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA026514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA026514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA046561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA046561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T08:10:40Z","timestamp":1669709440000},"page":"101-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pregnenolone effects on provoked alcohol craving, anxiety, HPA axis, and autonomic arousal in individuals with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verica","family":"Milivojevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nia","family":"Fogelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Hermes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajita","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6278_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02739-4","volume":"59","author":"B Adinoff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adinoff B, Kramer GL, Petty F (1995) Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during alcohol withdrawal. Psychiatry Res 59:137\u2013144","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"6278_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00678-0","volume":"384","author":"ML Barbaccia","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barbaccia ML, Affricano D, Trabucchi M, Purdy RH, Colombo G, Agabio R, Gessa GL (1999) Ethanol markedly increases \u201cGABAergic\u201d neurosteroids in alcohol-preferring rats. Eur J Pharmacol 384:R1-2","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01300.x","volume":"34","author":"J Besheer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Besheer J, Lindsay TG, O\u2019Buckley TK, Hodge CW, Morrow AL (2010) Pregnenolone and ganaxolone reduce operant ethanol self-administration in alcohol-preferring p rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34:2044\u20132052","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.005","volume":"116","author":"G Biggio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biggio G, Concas A, Follesa P, Sanna E, Serra M (2007) Stress, ethanol, and neuroactive steroids. Pharmacol Ther 116:140\u2013171","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"6278_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.037","volume":"122","author":"SK Blaine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blaine SK, Sinha R (2017) Alcohol, stress, and glucocorticoids: from risk to dependence and relapse in alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacol 122:136","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19070703","volume":"177","author":"SK Blaine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blaine SK, Wemm S, Fogelman N, Lacadie C, Seo D, Scheinost D, Sinha R (2020) Association of prefrontal-striatal functional pathology with alcohol abstinence days at treatment initiation and heavy drinking after treatment initiation. Am J Psychiatry 177:1048\u20131059","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"6278_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01554.x","volume":"19","author":"MD Bohn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bohn MD, Krahn, et al (1995) Development and initial validation of a measure of drinking urges in abstinent alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19(3):600\u2013606","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000153544.83656.3C","volume":"29","author":"GR Breese","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breese GR, Chu K, Dayas CV, Funk D, Knapp DJ, Koob GF, Le DA, O\u2019Dell LE, Overstreet DH, Roberts AJ, Sinha R, Valdez GR, Weiss F (2005) Stress enhancement of craving during sobriety: a risk for relapse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:185\u2013195","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.10.001","volume":"46","author":"E Cagetti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cagetti E, Pinna G, Guidotti A, Baicy K, Olsen RW (2004) Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) administration in rats decreases levels of neurosteroids in hippocampus, accompanied by altered behavioral responses to neurosteroids and memory function. Neuropharmacol 46:570\u2013579","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1999.0188","volume":"21","author":"NA Compagnone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Compagnone NA, Mellon SH (2000) Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function of these novel neuromodulators. Front Neuroendocrinol 21:1\u201356","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"6278_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.2.243","volume":"106","author":"NL Cooney","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooney NL, Litt MD, Morse PA, Bauer LO, Gaupp L (1997) Alcohol cue reactivity, negative-mood reactivity, and relapse in treated alcoholic men. J Abnorm Psychol 106:243\u2013250","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"6278_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1993.54.393","volume":"54","author":"AL Errico","year":"1993","unstructured":"Errico AL, Parsons OA, King AC, Lovallo WR (1993) Attenuated cortisol response to biobehavioral stressors in sober alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 54:393\u2013398","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"6278_CR13","unstructured":"First MB, William JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL (2015) Structured clinical interview for DSM-V- research version (SCID 5 for DSM-5, Research Version; SCID-5-RV, Version 1.0.0 edn. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA"},{"key":"6278_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.021","volume":"97","author":"MM Ford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ford MM, Beckley EH, Nickel JD, Eddy S, Finn DA (2008a) Ethanol intake patterns in female mice: influence of allopregnanolone and the inhibition of its synthesis. Drug Alcohol Depend 97:73\u201385","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"6278_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00718.x","volume":"32","author":"MM Ford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ford MM, Yoneyama N, Strong MN, Fretwell A, Tanchuck M, Finn DA (2008b) Inhibition of 5alpha-reduced steroid biosynthesis impedes acquisition of ethanol drinking in male C57BL\/6J mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32:1408\u20131416","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00320.x","volume":"31","author":"HC Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox HC, Bergquist KL, Hong KI, Sinha R (2007) Stress-induced and alcohol cue-induced craving in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:395\u2013403","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agp060","volume":"44","author":"HC Fox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fox HC, Hong KI, Siedlarz KM, Bergquist K, Anderson G, Kreek MJ, Sinha R (2009) Sex-specific dissociations in autonomic and HPA responses to stress and cues in alcohol-dependent patients with cocaine abuse. Alcohol Alcohol 44:575\u2013585","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"6278_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220902899680","volume":"17","author":"HC Fox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fox HC, Sinha R (2009) Sex differences in drug-related stress-system changes: implications for treatment in substance-abusing women. Harv Rev Psychiatry 17:103\u2013119","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"6278_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.05.002","volume":"30","author":"HC Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox HC, Talih M, Malison R, Anderson GM, Kreek MJ, Sinha R (2005) Frequency of recent cocaine and alcohol use affects drug craving and associated responses to stress and drug-related cues. Psychoneuroendocrinol 30:880\u2013891","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"6278_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01044-1","volume":"49","author":"SS Girdler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Girdler SS, Straneva PA, Light KC, Pedersen CA, Morrow AL (2001) Allopregnanolone levels and reactivity to mental stress in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Biol Psychiatry 49:788\u2013797","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6278_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.05.006","volume":"116","author":"SS Girdler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girdler SS, Klatzkin R (2007) Neurosteroids in the context of stress: implications for depressive disorders. Pharmacol Ther 116:125\u2013139","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"6278_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244829","volume":"106","author":"S Glautier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Glautier S, Drummond DC, Remington B (1992) Different drink cues elicit different physiological responses in non-dependent drinkers. Psychopharmacol 106:550\u2013554","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161","volume":"74","author":"BF Grant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grant BF, Chou SP, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Kerridge BT, Ruan WJ, Huang B, Jung J, Zhang H, Fan A, Hasin DS (2017) Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001\u20132002 to 2012\u20132013: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiat 74:911\u2013923","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"6278_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.004","volume":"74","author":"BF Grant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant BF, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Pickering RP (2004) The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991\u20131992 and 2001\u20132002. Drug Alcohol Depend 74:223\u2013234","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"6278_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1296.004","volume":"1018","author":"JP Herman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herman JP, Mueller NK, Figueiredo H (2004) Role of GABA and glutamate circuitry in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical stress integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1018:35\u201345","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"6278_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0187-0","volume":"186","author":"L Holdstock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holdstock L, Penland SN, Morrow AL, de Wit H (2006) Moderate doses of ethanol fail to increase plasma levels of neurosteroid 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one-like immunoreactivity in healthy men and women. Psychopharmacol 186:442\u2013450","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00075-8","volume":"49","author":"JT Ingjaldsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ingjaldsson JT, Thayer JF, Laberg JC (2003) Craving for alcohol and pre-attentive processing of alcohol stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol\u202f: Off J Int Org Psychophysiol 49:29\u201339","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol : Off J Int Org Psychophysiol"},{"key":"6278_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03708.x","volume":"22","author":"PH Janak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Janak PH, Redfern JE, Samson HH (1998) The reinforcing effects of ethanol are altered by the endogenous neurosteroid, allopregnanolone. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22:1106\u20131112","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00124-2","volume":"37","author":"JJ Lambert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Harney SC, Peters JA, Frenguelli BG (2001) Modulation of native and recombinant GABA(A) receptors by endogenous and synthetic neuroactive steroids. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 37:68\u201380","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"6278_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00133.x","volume":"17","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lang PJ, Kozak MJ, Miller GA, Levin DN, McLean A Jr (1980) Emotional imagery: conceptual structure and pattern of somato-visceral response. Psychophysiol 17:179\u2013192","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"6278_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.92.3.276","volume":"92","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lang PJ, Levin DN, Miller GA, Kozak MJ (1983) Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: the problem of affective response integration. J Abnorm Psychol 92:276\u2013306","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"6278_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8856","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-22-08856.1997","volume":"17","author":"S Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee S, Rivier C (1997) An initial, three-day-long treatment with alcohol induces a long-lasting phenomenon of selective tolerance in the activity of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Neurosci 17:8856\u20138866","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6278_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2422758","volume":"232","author":"MD Majewska","year":"1986","unstructured":"Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul SM (1986) Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor. Science 232:1004\u20131007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6278_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.01.022","volume":"31","author":"E Martin-Garcia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martin-Garcia E, Darbra S, Pallares M (2007) Intrahippocampal allopregnanolone decreases voluntary chronic alcohol consumption in non-selected rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31:823\u2013831","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6278_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109253","volume":"231","author":"JS Martins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins JS, Fogelman N, Wemm S, Hwang S, Sinha R (2022) Alcohol craving and withdrawal at treatment entry prospectively predict alcohol use outcomes during outpatient treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 231:109253","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"6278_CR36","first-page":"1003","volume":"78","author":"SH Mellon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mellon SH (1994) Neurosteroids: Biochemistry, modes of action, and clinical relevance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:1003\u20131008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6278_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12828","volume":"28","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Covault J, Angarita GA, Siedlarz K, Sinha R (2019) Neuroactive steroid levels and cocaine use chronicity in men and women with cocaine use disorder receiving progesterone or placebo. Am J Addict 28:16\u201321","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"6278_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3614-2","volume":"231","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Feinn R, Kranzler HR, Covault J (2014) Variation in AKR1C3, which encodes the neuroactive steroid synthetic enzyme 3alpha-HSD type 2 (17beta-HSD type 5), moderates the subjective effects of alcohol. Psychopharmacol 231:3597\u20133608","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.12.008","volume":"65","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Fox HC, Sofuoglu M, Covault J, Sinha R (2016) Effects of progesterone stimulated allopregnanolone on craving and stress response in cocaine dependent men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinol 65:44\u201353","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"6278_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01425.x","volume":"35","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Burian L, Covault J (2011) Variation in genes encoding the neuroactive steroid synthetic enzymes 5alpha-reductase type 1 and 3alpha-reductase type 2 is associated with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35:946\u2013952","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.234","volume":"42","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Sinha R (2017) Targeting stress pathophysiology to improve alcoholism relapse outcomes. Neuropsychopharmacol 42:987\u2013988","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.12.010","volume":"24","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Sinha R (2018) Central and peripheral biomarkers of stress response for addiction risk and relapse vulnerability. Trends Mol Med 24:173\u2013186","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"6278_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/105504901750532148","volume":"10","author":"JR Monterosso","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monterosso JR, Flannery BA, Pettinati HM, Oslin DW, Rukstalis M, O\u2019Brien CP, Volpicelli JR (2001) Predicting treatment response to naltrexone: the influence of craving and family history. Am J Addict 10:258\u2013268","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"6278_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14253","volume":"44","author":"AL Morrow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morrow AL, Boero G, Porcu P (2020) A rationale for allopregnanolone treatment of alcohol use disorders: basic and clinical studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 44:320\u2013339","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04094.x","volume":"23","author":"AL Morrow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morrow AL, Janis GC, VanDoren MJ, Matthews DB, Samson HH, Janak PH, Grant KA (1999) Neurosteroids mediate pharmacological effects of ethanol: a new mechanism of ethanol action? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23:1933\u20131940","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.4\/amorrow","volume":"8","author":"AL Morrow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morrow AL, Porcu P, Boyd KN, Grant KA (2006) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation of GABAergic neuroactive steroids influences ethanol sensitivity and drinking behavior. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 8:463\u2013477","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"6278_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00127-8","volume":"37","author":"AL Morrow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morrow AL, VanDoren MJ, Penland SN, Matthews DB (2001) The role of GABAergic neuroactive steroids in ethanol action, tolerance and dependence. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 37:98\u2013109","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"6278_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.016","volume":"30","author":"S Nyberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nyberg S, Andersson A, Zingmark E, Wahlstrom G, Backstrom T, Sundstrom-Poromaa I (2005) The effect of a low dose of alcohol on allopregnanolone serum concentrations across the menstrual cycle in women with severe premenstrual syndrome and controls. Psychoneuroendocrinol 30:892\u2013901","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"6278_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0231-0","volume":"186","author":"A Pierucci-Lagha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pierucci-Lagha A, Covault J, Feinn R, Khisti RT, Morrow AL, Marx CE, Shampine LJ, Kranzler HR (2006) Subjective effects and changes in steroid hormone concentrations in humans following acute consumption of alcohol. Psychopharmacol 186:451\u2013461","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01123.x","volume":"34","author":"P Porcu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Porcu P, O\u2019Buckley TK, Alward SE, Song SC, Grant KA, de Wit H, Leslie Morrow A (2010) Differential effects of ethanol on serum GABAergic 3alpha,5alpha\/3alpha,5beta neuroactive steroids in mice, rats, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34:432\u2013442","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6278_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4553","volume":"88","author":"RH Purdy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Purdy RH, Morrow AL, Moore PH Jr, Paul SM (1991) Stress-induced elevations of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:4553\u20134557","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6278_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.001","volume":"143","author":"PS Regier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Regier PS, Claxton AB, Zlebnik NE, Carroll ME (2014) Cocaine-, caffeine-, and stress-evoked cocaine reinstatement in high vs. low impulsive rats: treatment with allopregnanolone. Drug Alcohol Depend 143:58\u201364","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"6278_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06455.x","volume":"28","author":"HN Richardson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richardson HN, Lee SY, O\u2019Dell LE, Koob GF, Rivier CL (2008) Alcohol self-administration acutely stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but alcohol dependence leads to a dampened neuroendocrine state. Eur J Neurosci 28:1641\u20131653","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"6278_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00064-1","volume":"28","author":"R Rupprecht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rupprecht R (2003) Neuroactive steroids: mechanisms of action and neuropsychopharmaco-logical properties. Psychoneuroendocrinol 28:139\u2013168","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinol"},{"key":"6278_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0075-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"E Sanna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanna E, Talani G, Busonero F, Pisu MG, Purdy RH, Serra M, Biggio G (2004) Brain steroidogenesis mediates ethanol modulation of GABAA receptor activity in rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 24:6521\u20136530","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6278_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.762","volume":"70","author":"D Seo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seo D, Lacadie CM, Tuit K, Hong KI, Constable RT, Sinha R (2013) Disrupted ventromedial prefrontal function, alcohol craving, and subsequent relapse risk. JAMA Psychiat 70:727\u2013739","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"6278_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0709-z","volume":"192","author":"CA Shively","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shively CA, Mietus JE, Grant KA, Goldberger AL, Bennett AJ, Willard SL (2007) Effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption and novel environment on heart rate variability in primates (Macaca fascicularis). Psychopharmacol 192:183\u2013191","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6278_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.12.2.126","volume":"12","author":"S Shoptaw","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shoptaw S, Majewska M, Wilkins J, Twitchell G, Yang X, Ling W (2004) Participants receiving dehydroepiandrosterone during treatment for cocaine dependence show high rates of cocaine use in a placebo-controlled pilot study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 12(2):126\u2013135","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.030","volume":"1141","author":"R Sinha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinha R (2008) Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1141:105\u2013130","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"6278_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00134.x","volume":"14","author":"R Sinha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sinha R (2009) Modeling stress and drug craving in the laboratory: implications for addiction treatment development. Addict Biol 14:84\u201398","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"6278_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.78","volume":"34","author":"R Sinha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sinha R, Fox HC, Hong KA, Bergquist K, Bhagwagar Z, Siedlarz KM (2009) Enhanced negative emotion and alcohol craving, and altered physiological responses following stress and cue exposure in alcohol dependent individuals. Neuropsychopharmacol 34:1198\u20131208","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.49","volume":"68","author":"R Sinha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinha R, Fox HC, Hong KI, Hansen J, Tuit K, Kreek MJ (2011) Effects of adrenal sensitivity, stress- and cue-induced craving, and anxiety on subsequent alcohol relapse and treatment outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:942\u2013952","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"6278_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000499","volume":"152","author":"R Sinha","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sinha R, Fuse T, Aubin LR, O\u2019Malley SS (2000) Psychological stress, drug-related cues and cocaine craving. Psychopharmacol 152:140\u2013148","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199207000-00005","volume":"54","author":"R Sinha","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sinha R, Lovallo WR, Parsons OA (1992) Cardiovascular differentiation of emotions. Psychosom Med 54:422\u2013435","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"6278_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1525-8","volume":"170","author":"R Sinha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sinha R, Talih M, Malison R, Cooney N, Anderson GM, Kreek MJ (2003) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states. Psychopharmacol 170:62\u201372","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6278_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.12.008","volume":"73","author":"RK Sripada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sripada RK, Marx CE, King AP, Rampton JC, Ho SS, Liberzon I (2013) Allopregnanolone elevations following pregnenolone administration are associated with enhanced activation of emotion regulation neurocircuits. Biol Psychiatry 73(11):1045\u20131053","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6278_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.013","volume":"59","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Hall M, Sollers JJ 3rd, Fischer JE (2006) Alcohol use, urinary cortisol, and heart rate variability in apparently healthy men: evidence for impaired inhibitory control of the HPA axis in heavy drinkers. Int J Psychophysiol 59:244\u2013250","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"6278_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300170","volume":"28","author":"JM Torres","year":"2003","unstructured":"Torres JM, Ortega E (2003) Alcohol intoxication increases allopregnanolone levels in female adolescent humans. Neuropsychopharmacol 28:1207\u20131209","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1662-0","volume":"172","author":"JM Torres","year":"2004","unstructured":"Torres JM, Ortega E (2004) Alcohol intoxication increases allopregnanolone levels in male adolescent humans. Psychopharmacol 172:352\u2013355","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6278_CR70","volume-title":"Facing addiction in America: The surgeon General's report on alcohol, drugs, and health","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US), Office of the Surgeon General (US)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US), Office of the Surgeon General (US) (2016) Facing addiction in America: The surgeon General\u2019s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington (DC)"},{"key":"6278_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01982.2000","volume":"20","author":"MJ VanDoren","year":"2000","unstructured":"VanDoren MJ, Matthews DB, Janis GC, Grobin AC, Devaud LL, Morrow AL (2000) Neuroactive steroid 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one modulates electrophysiological and behavioral actions of ethanol. J Neurosci 20:1982\u20131989","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6278_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-6-1290","volume":"72","author":"GS Wand","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wand GS, Dobs AS (1991) Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in actively drinking alcoholics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72:1290\u20131295","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6278_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107569","volume":"204","author":"SE Wemm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wemm SE, Larkin C, Hermes G, Tennen H, Sinha R (2019) A day-by-day prospective analysis of stress, craving and risk of next day alcohol intake during alcohol use disorder treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 204:107569","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"6278_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.03.003","volume":"35","author":"G Yadid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yadid G, Sudai E, Maayan G, I, Weizman, A, (2010) The role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in drug-seeking behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35(2):303\u2013314","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:04:04Z","timestamp":1672916644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-022-06278-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}