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Additionally, these paradigms could be useful for testing novel pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder. This scoping review aims to summarize the findings from existing ad libitum cannabis self-administration studies to determine what has been learned from these studies as well as their limitations. We examined studies that specifically examined cannabis smoking, focusing on subjective response and self-administration behavior (e.g., smoking topography). A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Embase from inception to October 22, 2022. Our search strategy identified 26 studies (total <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 662, 79% male) that met our eligibility criteria. We found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration significantly affected subjective response to cannabis in some but not all studies. In general, cannabis self-administration tended to be most intense at the beginning of the laboratory session and decreased in later parts of the session. There was limited data on cannabis self-administration in adults older than 55. Data on external validity and test-retest reliability were also limited. Addressing these limitations in future ad libitum cannabis self-administration studies could lead to more valid and generalizable paradigms, which in turn could be used to improve our understanding of cannabis use patterns and to help guide medication development for cannabis use disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06360-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1683703610000},"page":"1393-1415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cannabis self-administration in the human laboratory: a scoping review of ad libitum studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Ke Bin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Grennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Ngoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian S.","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2172-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.3229","volume":"73","author":"C Blanco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blanco C, Hasin DS, Wall MM, Fl\u00f3rez-Salamanca L, Hoertel N, Wang S, Kerridge BT, Olfson M (2016) Cannabis use and risk of psychiatric disorders: prospective evidence from a US national longitudinal study. 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(GRAND Awards, including salary support) for investigator-initiated projects. Dr Le Foll has obtained funding from Indivior for a clinical trial sponsored by Indivior. Dr. Le Foll has in-kind donations of cannabis products from Aurora Cannabis Enterprises Inc. and study medication donations from Pfizer Inc. (varenicline for smoking cessation) and Bioprojet Pharma. He was also provided a coil for a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study from Brainsway. Dr. Le Foll has obtained industry funding from Canopy Growth Corporation (through research grants handled by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto), Bioprojet Pharma, Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (ACS), Alkermes, and Universal Ibogaine. Lastly, Dr. Le Foll has received in-kind donations of nabiximols from GW Pharmaceuticals for past studies funded by CIHR and NIH.Dr. Le Foll has participated in a session of a National Advisory Board Meeting (Emerging Trends BUP-XR) for Indivior Canada and has been a\u00a0consultant for Shinogi. He is supported by CAMH, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, a clinician-scientist award from the Department of Family and Community Medicine of the University of Toronto and a Chair in Addiction Psychiatry from the Department of Psychiatry of\u00a0the University of Toronto.Dr. Tony George is the chair of the scientific advisory committee of the Canadian Centre for Substance Use and Addiction (CCSA) and is compensated for cannabis-related policy work. Dr. George is also the co-principal editor of the journal <i>Neuropsychopharmacology<\/i>.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}